2022年09月六级第1套仔细阅读 Passage 2 原文翻译及答案解析

Born from the accessibility of mass air travel, modern international tourism has been popularized as "holiday-making" in regions that offer comparative advantages of sand, sun and sea. Travel is often portrayed as a tool for personal growth and tourism as an economic motor for destination countries and cities. There is a tendency to assume that tourism is good for everyone involved.

现代国际旅游源于大众航空旅行的便利性，在拥有沙、阳光和海洋比较优势的地区，已被普及为“度假”。旅行常被描绘为个人成长的工具，而旅游则是目的地国家和城市的经济引擎。人们倾向于认为旅游对所有相关方都有益。

Today the big bang of tourism drives over 1.2 billion tourists across international borders annually. Many popular places are literally being loved to death. Recent protests in ports of call like Venice and Barcelona against disturbances created by cruise ships show the unfortunate consequences of emphasizing quantity over quality in tourism.

如今，旅游业的迅猛发展每年推动超过12亿游客跨越国际边界。许多热门地点简直被过度喜爱而濒临毁灭。最近在威尼斯和巴塞罗那等停靠港口，针对邮轮造成干扰的抗议活动显示了在旅游业中强调数量而非质量的不幸后果。

Uncontrolled tourism development has become a primary driver of social and environmental disruption. Tourism studies provide much documentation of the many negative social impacts of tourism and resulting resentment that local populations direct toward visitors.

不受控制的旅游发展已成为社会和环境破坏的主要驱动力。旅游研究提供了大量关于旅游许多负面社会影响的文献，以及由此导致的当地居民对游客的怨恨。

Antagonism toward tourists typically develops in mature, heavily visited destinations. Protests in heavily visited destinations suggest that traditional tourism has overstayed its welcome.

对游客的敌意通常出现在成熟、游客密集的目的地。在游客密集目的地的抗议表明，传统旅游已经不受欢迎。

Residents often become frustrated when the benefits of tourism are not felt locally. Although it can generate foreign exchange, income and employment, there's no guarantee that multinational hotel chains will allocate these benefits equitably among local communities.

当旅游的好处在当地未被感受到时，居民常常感到沮丧。尽管旅游能带来外汇、收入和就业，但无法保证跨国酒店连锁店会将这些利益公平分配给当地社区。

On the contrary, when people stay at large resorts or on cruise ships, they make most of their purchases there, leaving local communities little opportunity to benefit from tourist spending. These forms of tourism widen economic and political gaps between haves and have-nots at local destinations.

相反，当人们住在大型度假村或邮轮上时，他们大部分购物都在那里进行，使当地社区很少有机会从游客消费中受益。这些旅游形式扩大了当地目的地富人和穷人之间的经济和政治差距。

In recent decades, local residents in destination communities also have found themselves negotiating new cultural boundaries, class dynamics, service industry roles and lifestyle transformations. For example, data show that tourism activity corresponds to increased social problems as local residents adopt the behaviors of tourists.

近几十年来，目的地社区的当地居民也发现自己在应对新的文化界限、阶级动态、服务业角色和生活方式转变。例如，数据显示，旅游活动与当地居民模仿游客行为导致的社会问题增加相对应。

What does all this mean for the everyday traveler?

所有这些对普通旅行者意味着什么？

First, all tourists should make every effort to honor their hosts and respect local conditions. This means being prepared to adapt to local customs and norms, rather than expecting local conditions to adapt to travelers.

首先，所有游客应尽力尊重东道主和当地环境。这意味着要准备适应当地习俗和规范，而不是期望当地环境适应旅行者。

Second, tourism is a market-based activity and works best when consumers reward better performers. In the information age, there's little excuse for travelers being uninformed about where their vacation money goes and who it enriches.

其次，旅游是一种基于市场的活动，当消费者奖励表现更好者时效果最佳。在信息时代，旅行者没有借口不知道他们的度假资金去向和谁因此受益。

Informed travelers also are better able to distinguish between multinational companies and local entrepreneurs whose businesses provide direct social, environmental, and economic benefits for local residents. Such businesses are in love with the destination and are therefore deserving of market reward. In the long run, being a responsible traveler means ensuring net positive impacts for local people and environments. With the information available at our fingertips, there has never been more opportunity to do so.

有见识的旅行者也更能区分跨国公司和当地企业家，后者的业务为当地居民提供直接的社会、环境和经济效益。这些企业热爱目的地，因此值得市场奖励。长远来看，成为负责任的旅行者意味着确保对当地人民和环境产生净积极影响。在信息触手可及的今天，这样做从未有如此多的机会。