2022年09月六级第1套听力原文及答案解析

M: Welcome to Money Matters, a weekly program that helps you manage your money.

欢迎收听《金钱事务》，这是一个帮助您管理资金的每周节目。

M: Tonight, I'll be talking to Mary Johnson about budgeting.

今晚，我将与Mary Johnson讨论预算问题。

F: Hello, everyone.

大家好。

F: There's a magic about money.

金钱有一种魔力。

F: When it's not planned for, tracked, and kept a record of, it literally disappears.

如果不对其计划、跟踪和记录，它真的会消失。

M: What are some of the steps we can take to prevent this from happening?

我们可以采取哪些步骤来防止这种情况发生？

F: Well, it's all about keeping track of your money.

嗯，这完全在于跟踪您的资金。

F: If you don't do that, you'll never be able to set any goals for your budget or have the discipline to stick to them.

如果您不这样做，您将永远无法为您的预算设定目标，或有纪律地坚持它们。

M: That's easier said than done.

说起来容易做起来难。

M: I read recently that only 41% of Americans adhere to a budget.

我最近读到，只有41%的美国人遵守预算。

F: Yes, but knowing what you earn and what you spend can give you reassurance that you won't get into debt in the first place.

是的，但了解您的收入和支出可以让您放心，您首先不会陷入债务。

F: You can do this by adding up all of your sources of income you have and writing them all down on a piece of paper.

您可以通过将您所有的收入来源加总并写在一张纸上来做到这一点。

F: On the same page, write down all of your monthly expenses.

在同一张纸上，写下您所有的月度开支。

M: I'm always amazed at how much my expenses add up, but designating each item as an income or an expense really helps me have a much better sense of all my spending.

我总是惊讶于我的开支加起来有多少，但将每个项目指定为收入或支出确实帮助我更好地了解我的所有支出。

F: Right.

对。

F: Most people have no idea how much they spend each day, let alone each week or month, no matter how careful they are.

大多数人不知道他们每天花多少钱，更不用说每周或每月了，无论他们多么小心。

F: Next, subtract your monthly expenses from income.

接下来，从收入中减去您的月度开支。

F: If the result is positive, you are living within your means.

如果结果是正数，您就是在量入为出。

F: If the result is a negative number, you're going to have to cut back on your spending.

如果结果是负数，您将不得不削减开支。

M: I'm usually a negative number.

我通常是一个负数。

M: I just can't resist the allure of all those prestigious goods.

我就是无法抗拒那些名牌商品的诱惑。

F: Well, it's not a catastrophe, but you do have to make some changes.

嗯，这不是灾难，但您确实需要做出一些改变。

F: Try cutting back on those non-essential items.

试着减少那些非必需品。

F: Sell some stuff in your attic or shop online to avoid unnecessary temptations like chocolate.

卖掉您阁楼里的一些东西，或者在网上购物以避免不必要的诱惑，比如巧克力。

F: Failing that, you can always find yourself a part-time job.

如果那不行，您总可以找份兼职工作。

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

问题1到4基于您刚才听到的对话。

Question 1. What does the man say about the weekly program?

问题1. 男士对每周节目说了什么？

Question 2. What did the man read recently?

问题2. 男士最近读到了什么？

Question 3. What does the woman suggest the man do first to avoid getting into debt?

问题3. 女士建议男士首先做什么来避免陷入债务？

Question 4. What does the woman say about online shopping?

问题4. 女士对网上购物说了什么？

Conversation 2.

对话二。

M: Hi there.

你好。

M: I've come to see the flat.

我来看公寓。

M: My name is Mark Adams.

我叫马克·亚当斯。

M: We spoke on the phone on Wednesday.

我们星期三在电话里聊过。

F: Hi Mark.

你好，马克。

F: Come on up.

请上来吧。

F: I'll buzz you in.

我会给你开门。

F: Green door on the second floor, on the right side.

二楼右边是绿色的门。

M: Nice to meet you.

很高兴见到你。

F: I spoke to all your references, and they all checked out okay.

我联系了你所有的推荐人，都查证过了，没问题。

F: So let me show you around.

那么让我带你看看。

F: The place actually belongs to my mother, but her health isn't great, so we finally managed to persuade her to move in with us and rent this old place out.

这地方其实是我母亲的，但她身体不太好，我们终于说服她搬来和我们一起住，把这个老地方租出去。

M: It's a great size.

空间很不错。

M: Plenty of space.

很宽敞。

M: Very versatile.

用途多样。

M: I think it's a winner for us.

我觉得对我们来说很理想。

F: Yes.

是的。

F: All the appliances are brand new.

所有电器都是全新的。

F: There's a washing machine and a tumble dryer in the utility room next to the kitchen.

厨房旁边的杂物间里有洗衣机和滚筒烘干机。

F: Lots of closet space too, which is fabulous.

储物空间也很多，这非常棒。

M: My wife has a ridiculous number of shoes.

我妻子的鞋子多得离谱。

M: Now, the big question.

现在，关键问题来了。

M: What about noise and the neighbors?

噪音和邻居情况怎么样？

F: Well, all the neighbors are elderly, so no noisy kids, and the back of the house overlooks a clear and peaceful pond.

嗯，所有邻居都是老年人，所以没有吵闹的孩子，而且房子后面正对着一个清澈宁静的池塘。

F: So it's perfect if tranquility is what you are looking for.

所以如果你追求的是宁静，这里再合适不过了。

M: That's good news.

这是个好消息。

M: We've been living in a less than glamorous part of Aberdeen, constantly harassed day and night by noisy neighbors.

我们一直住在阿伯丁一个不太体面的地方，日夜被吵闹的邻居骚扰。

M: Getting to work was a nightmare too, as we only have one car, and my wife has to use it, as she works nights at the hospital.

上班也很痛苦，因为我们只有一辆车，我妻子必须用它，因为她晚上在医院上班。

F: Well, if you like the place, it's yours as soon as I get a contract drawn up with the solicitor.

嗯，如果你喜欢这里，等我和律师拟好合同，它就是你的了。

F: The first month's rent and a deposit are mandatory on signing the contract.

签合同时必须预付第一个月的租金和押金。

F: Then we can work out when is the best day for you to pay rent each month.

然后我们可以商量每月哪天最适合你交租。

M: We'll be incredibly happy to be your new tenants.

能成为你们的新房客，我们感到非常高兴。

M: Thank you so much.

非常感谢。

M: My wife will be thrilled to get out of the shabby place we are now in and start filling those wardrobes with all those shoes.

我妻子会非常高兴能离开现在住的那个破地方，开始用那些鞋子塞满衣柜了。

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

问题5至8基于你刚才听到的对话。

Question 5. What does the woman say about the flat?

问题5. 女士对公寓做了什么评价？

Question 6. What is the man's chief consideration in looking for a flat?

问题6. 男士找公寓的首要考虑因素是什么？

Question 7. What does the man have to do on signing the contract?

问题7. 签合同时男士必须做什么？

Question 8. Why does the man say his wife will feel very excited if they move into the flat?

问题8. 为什么男士说如果他们搬进公寓，他的妻子会感到非常兴奋？

Passage 1.

文章1.

A new study has found a positive correlation between how much television children watch and their parents' stress levels.

一项新研究发现，儿童看电视的时间与父母压力水平之间存在正相关。

Why?

为什么？

Because the more television kids watch, the more they're exposed to advertising.

因为孩子们看电视越多，他们接触到的广告就越多。

The more advertising they see, the more likely they are to insist on purchasing items when they go with their parents to the store.

他们看到的广告越多，就越可能在和父母去商店时坚持购买物品。

This could generate conflict if the parents refuse.

如果父母拒绝，这可能会引发冲突。

All that, researchers say, can contribute to parents' overall stress levels.

研究人员说，所有这些都可能加剧父母的整体压力水平。

What's the solution?

解决方案是什么？

Perhaps the most obvious is curtailing screen time.

最明显的可能是减少屏幕时间。

Commercial content is there for a reason—to elicit purchasing behavior.

商业内容的存在是有原因的——为了引发购买行为。

So, parents might want to shut off the TV.

所以，父母可能想要关掉电视。

Researchers concede that this is easier said than done, so they suggest another option.

研究人员承认，这说起来容易做起来难，所以他们建议另一种选择。

Parents can change how they talk to their kids about purchases.

父母可以改变他们与孩子谈论购买的方式。

The researchers suggest that parents seek input from their children on family purchasing decisions.

研究人员建议父母在家庭购买决策中征求孩子的意见。

They shouldn't try to control all purchases.

他们不应该试图控制所有的购买。

Instead, parents might tell their children things like, I will listen to your advice on certain products or brands.

相反，父母可以对孩子说类似这样的话：我会听取你对某些产品或品牌的建议。

This type of communication, the researchers assert, can lead to children making fewer purchasing demands.

研究人员断言，这种沟通方式可以减少孩子提出的购买要求。

That means less parent stress.

这意味着父母压力更小。

However, the protective effect of this kind of communication diminishes with greater exposure to television.

然而，随着看电视时间的增加，这种沟通的保护作用会减弱。

This is because advertising aimed at children is especially persuasive.

这是因为针对儿童的广告特别具有说服力。

Advertisers use an assortment of tactics, such as bright colors, happy music, and celebrity endorsements, to appeal to children.

广告商使用各种策略，如明亮的颜色、快乐的音乐和名人代言，来吸引儿童。

Plus, children don't have the cognitive ability to fully understand advertising's intent.

此外，儿童没有认知能力来完全理解广告的意图。

That makes them particularly vulnerable to advertisements.

这使他们特别容易受到广告的影响。

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题9到11基于你刚刚听到的文章。

Question 9. What has the new study found about children watching television?

问题9. 新研究发现了关于儿童看电视的什么？

Question 10. What are parents advised to do to reduce the impact of TV commercials?

问题10. 建议父母做什么来减少电视广告的影响？

Question 11. What makes children particularly vulnerable to TV commercials?

问题11. 什么使儿童特别容易受到电视广告的影响？

Passage 2.

第二段。

Everyone is supposed to cheer for good guys, and we should only punish the bad guys.

每个人都应该为好人喝彩，我们只应惩罚坏人。

But that's not what we always do.

但我们并非总是这样做。

Most of the time, we do indeed reward good people.

大多数时候，我们确实会奖励好人。

We also often punish people who harm others or who aren't good team players.

我们也经常惩罚那些伤害他人或不善团队合作的人。

But sometimes, the good guys also get punished or criticized.

但有时，好人也会受到惩罚或批评。

Specifically, because they are so good.

具体来说，正是因为他们太好了。

This seems baffling, because it's detrimental to group cooperation.

这似乎令人困惑，因为它不利于群体合作。

However, the phenomenon has been discovered in multiple fields, and it has been found in every society.

然而，这一现象已在多个领域被发现，并且在每个社会中都存在。

Why does this happen?

为什么会这样？

Research suggests a simple reason.

研究指出了一个简单的原因。

When one person looks really good, others look bad by comparison.

当一个人看起来非常好时，相比之下，其他人就会显得不好。

Those others then have an incentive in stopping that person from looking good.

于是，那些人就有了阻止那个人表现出色的动力。

Especially if they can't or won't compete.

尤其是当他们不能或不愿竞争时。

After all, we're all judged in comparison with others.

毕竟，我们都是通过与他人比较来被评判的。

When faced with someone better, what can a normal person do?

当面对更优秀的人时，一个普通人能做什么？

One option is to actively compete.

一种选择是积极竞争。

A second option is to bring that person down.

第二种选择是贬低那个人。

That is, to suppress their cooperation or work ethic, infer selfish motives for their actions, or imply real or imagined hypocrisy.

也就是说，压制他们的合作精神或职业道德，推断他们行为的自私动机，或暗示真实或想象的虚伪。

Other tactics include attacking them on unrelated dimensions or punishing them outright.

其他策略包括在不相关的方面攻击他们，或直接惩罚他们。

Why does this matter?

为什么这很重要？

Critics often attack the motives of people who protect the environment, donate money, or work too hard.

批评者经常攻击那些保护环境、捐款或工作过于努力的人的动机。

Such good deeds are dismissed as naive or hypocritical by those who do not perform those deeds.

那些不做好事的人会将这些善行斥为天真或虚伪。

This criticism may ultimately discourage people from doing good deeds.

这种批评最终可能会阻止人们行善。

So it's important to recognize these attacks for what they are.

因此，认清这些攻击的本质很重要。

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题12至15基于你刚才听到的段落。

Question 12. What baffling phenomenon is discussed in the passage?

问题12：文中讨论了什么令人困惑的现象？

Question 13. How are we all judged according to the passage?

问题13：根据文中所述，我们是如何被评判的？

Question 14. What can a normal person do when faced with people who perform better?

问题14：当面对表现更好的人时，普通人能做什么？

Question 15. What may discourage people from performing good deeds?

问题15：什么可能会阻止人们行善？

Recording 1.

录音1。

In America, most researchers concede that boys and girls are brought up in different ways, taught different skills, and rewarded for different acts.

在美国，大多数研究人员承认，男孩和女孩以不同的方式被抚养，学习不同的技能，并因不同的行为而受到奖励。

Women, it is agreed, excel at certain tasks, men at others.

人们普遍认为，女性擅长某些任务，男性则擅长其他任务。

There is little argument that some personality traits appear more dominant in one sex than in the other.

几乎没有争议的是，某些性格特征在一个性别中比另一个性别中更为突出。

All of this notwithstanding, gender differences are very much in the media these days.

尽管如此，如今媒体中性别差异的话题非常热门。

Since the rise of the women's movement, gender role behavior has come under closer scrutiny.

自妇女运动兴起以来，性别角色行为受到了更密切的审视。

How has this affected friendship?

这如何影响了友谊？

How do the sexes differ in their friendship relations?

两性在友谊关系上有何不同？

Most preteen children have a best friend who is usually someone of the same sex and similar age.

大多数青春期前的儿童有一个最好的朋友，通常是同性别且年龄相仿的人。

Both sexes share an essentially positive recollection of these childhood friendships.

两性对这些童年友谊的回忆基本上都是积极的。

They do not differ in this respect.

在这方面他们没有差异。

However, the type of play engaged in during these early friendships is telling of the difference to come.

然而，这些早期友谊中参与的游戏类型预示了未来的差异。

Boys tend to form playgroups that are competitive in nature.

男孩倾向于形成本质上具有竞争性的游戏小组。

Girls' groups more frequently revolve around cooperative enterprises.

女孩的小组更频繁地围绕合作性活动展开。

Thus, at an early age, boys become concerned with trying hard and winning, while girls, by contrast, play house and school, engaging in roles that require complementary support.

因此，在早期，男孩开始关注努力和胜利，而相比之下，女孩则玩过家家和上学游戏，参与需要互补支持的角色。

Speaking of their childhood, men recall being highly responsive to and aware of the gender role opinions of other boys.

谈到他们的童年，男性回忆起他们对其他男孩的性别角色意见高度敏感和意识。

Girls in preteen years appear to be less susceptible to gender role pressure.

青春期前的女孩似乎对性别角色压力不太敏感。

It is not until the dating years that women report being concerned with feminine behavior.

直到约会年龄，女性才报告她们关心女性化行为。

Males, for the most part, are responsive to the suggestion that their behavior is unmanly at almost any age.

男性，在大多数情况下，对他们的行为不够男子汉气概的暗示在几乎任何年龄都敏感。

These early attitudes, reinforced by social conditioning, continue to play an active part in the friendships of both sexes during adolescence.

这些早期态度，通过社会条件反射强化，继续在青春期两性的友谊中发挥积极作用。

This is a period when the majority of males once again report a close alliance with same-sex friends.

这是一个时期，大多数男性再次报告与同性朋友的紧密联盟。

Now, however, with heightened intensity, considerable energy is devoted to competing for position and a definite undercurrent of competition permeates the relationship.

然而，现在，随着强度增加，相当多的精力投入到争夺地位中，一种明确的竞争暗流渗透到关系中。

Although in dissimilar fashion, females share equally fragile relationships at this age.

尽管方式不同，女性在这个年龄同样拥有脆弱的关系。

For them, the bond of loyalty extends only to the line of romantic involvement.

对她们来说，忠诚的纽带仅延伸到恋爱关系的界限。

This is most apt to be the case in late adolescence, when dating and relationships with boys take sharp precedence over sisterhood.

这最可能发生在青春期晚期，当约会和与男孩的关系明显优先于姐妹情谊。

Actually, dating dilutes the intensity of same-sex friendships for men also.

实际上，约会也稀释了男性同性友谊的强度。

For the majority of us, the moment we begin to date seriously, there's a competition between romance and friendship.

对我们大多数人来说，当我们开始认真约会时，浪漫和友谊之间存在竞争。

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the lecture you have just heard.

问题16到18基于你刚刚听到的讲座。

Question 16. What does the speaker say about most preteen children?

问题16. 演讲者对大多数青春期前的儿童说了什么？

Question 17. What do most males devote much of their energy to during adolescence?

问题17. 大多数男性在青春期将大部分精力投入到什么？

Question 18. What do children do when they reach late adolescence?

问题18. 当孩子到达青春期晚期时，他们做什么？

Recording 2.

录音2。

Good afternoon!

下午好！

In today's lecture, we'll be talking about how and when to disclose a disability when applying for a job.

在今天的讲座中，我们将讨论在求职时如何以及何时披露残疾情况。

On average, about 20% of the population has some form of disability.

平均而言，大约20%的人口有某种形式的残疾。

Most countries these days have equal opportunity and non-discrimination laws.

如今，大多数国家都有机会平等和反歧视法律。

Yet, disabled people often find it hard to decide when, how, and if at all, to raise their disability problem with a potential employer.

然而，残疾人常常难以决定何时、如何，以及是否向潜在雇主提出他们的残疾问题。

There is uncertainty about how a recruiter will perceive their disability.

对于招聘人员如何看待他们的残疾，存在不确定性。

As such, many candidates fear they wouldn't be considered for a position as a result of disclosing this personal information.

因此，许多候选人担心由于披露这一个人信息，他们不会被考虑职位。

And research has validated this as a genuine concern for many job applicants.

而且研究证实，这是许多求职者的真正担忧。

It's a natural reaction, but it shouldn't be a reason to stay quiet.

这是一种自然反应，但不应成为保持沉默的理由。

People need to remember that they are applying for a position they have the skills and experience to excel in.

人们需要记住，他们申请的职位是他们拥有技能和经验能够胜任的。

Discussing a disability with a potential employer may help them make reasonable workplace adjustments in their favor.

与潜在雇主讨论残疾可能有助于他们做出有利于员工的合理工作场所调整。

It's most appropriate to discuss a disability when they reply to confirm an interview.

最合适的时候是在回复确认面试时讨论残疾。

This information needn't be put up front in their cover letter or resume because it's probably not relevant to the position itself.

这些信息不需要在求职信或简历中前置，因为它可能与职位本身无关。

Candidates with disabilities should feel they have the power to make their own decisions around sharing this information free from prejudice.

残疾候选人应感到自己有权力在分享此信息时不受偏见地做出自己的决定。

If they find an organization that doesn't celebrate diversity and inclusion, it could say a lot about the company's culture.

如果他们发现一个不倡导多样性和包容性的组织，这可能说明该公司的文化。

Perhaps the organization isn't the right fit.

或许这个组织并不合适。

It's important for them to remember that they are seeking a manager and employer that's going to be supportive and continue to give them a great employment experience.

重要的是，他们要记住，他们正在寻找一个支持性并继续提供良好就业体验的经理和雇主。

Companies sometimes offer candidates the chance to disclose disabilities on their application form.

公司有时会为候选人在申请表上提供披露残疾的机会。

But people shouldn't feel restricted by this method or timing.

但人们不应受限于这种方法或时机。

People should avoid sharing the name of their disability or condition.

人们应避免分享其残疾或病症的名称。

There is always the risk that the recruiter will research information that is inaccurate or irrelevant.

总是存在风险，即招聘人员研究的信息不准确或不相关。

If people don't think their disability will impact their ability to perform in the advertised position, then it's entirely their entitlement to choose when and whether to share this information.

如果人们认为他们的残疾不会影响他们在所广告职位上的表现，那么他们完全有权选择何时以及是否分享此信息。

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the lecture you have just heard.

问题19至22基于您刚才听到的讲座。

Question 19. Why do disabled job applicants feel reluctant to disclose their disability information?

问题19。为什么残疾求职者不愿披露其残疾信息？

Question 20. When does the speaker suggest applicants reveal their disability information?

问题20。演讲者建议申请人何时披露其残疾信息？

Question 21. What are people advised to do when filling out their job application form?

问题21。建议人们在填写工作申请表时做什么？

Recording 3.

录音3。

Smartphones distract attention and reduce learning because of their potential to offer activities more inviting than study.

智能手机分散注意力并减少学习，因为它们可能提供比学习更具吸引力的活动。

But what about background sound alone?

但单独的背景声音呢？

A group of American researchers compared students' comprehension of verbal material when reading in the presence of background speech, instrumental music, or general noise.

一组美国研究人员比较了学生在背景言语、器乐或一般噪音存在下阅读时对文字材料的理解。

General noise is neutral, such as that from the sound of an air conditioner or fan.

一般噪音是中性的，例如来自空调或风扇的声音。

Students' scores were most depressed in the presence of background speech.

在背景言语存在下，学生的分数最低。

Comprehension was slightly better with the presence of music than with speech.

有音乐存在时，理解力比有言语时稍好。

However, when they were asked to identify melodies rather than understand text, background music interfered more.

然而，当他们被要求识别旋律而不是理解文本时，背景音乐的干扰更大。

When the background speech was in a language unfamiliar to participants, there was little, if any, hindrance of reading comprehension.

当背景言语使用参与者不熟悉的语言时，对阅读理解几乎没有阻碍。

British researchers compared the effects of background speech, vocal music, instrumental music, general background noise, and silence on short-term memory.

英国研究人员比较了背景言语、声乐、器乐、一般背景噪音和寂静对短期记忆的影响。

Background speech had the biggest negative effect.

背景言语的负面影响最大。

Vocal music was slightly more disruptive than instrumental.

声乐比器乐更具干扰性。

In general, background noise and silence were least disruptive.

总体而言，背景噪音和寂静的干扰最小。

It seems the degree of interference from background noise depends on the overlap between the processing required on the task and the processing required to screen out the background noise.

似乎背景噪音的干扰程度取决于任务所需的处理与屏蔽背景噪音所需的处理之间的重叠。

The studies suggest that when people read and when they try to remember any verbal material, background speech will inhibit their ability.

研究表明，当人们阅读或尝试记住任何文字材料时，背景言语会抑制他们的能力。

Instrumental music will have, at worst, a slight effect.

器乐最多只会产生轻微影响。

When students write essays, however, other research has found it is best to reduce all background noise as much as possible.

然而，当学生写作文时，其他研究发现最好尽可能减少所有背景噪音。

Not everyone reacts in the same way to distractions.

并非所有人对干扰的反应都相同。

Other studies suggest some aspects of personality may make a difference.

其他研究表明，性格的某些方面可能会产生影响。

The researchers subjected shy, quiet people and confident, outgoing ones to high-arousal or low-arousal background music, general noise, or silence while asking them to remember words.

研究人员让害羞、安静的人和自信、外向的人在高唤醒或低唤醒的背景音乐、一般噪音或寂静中记忆单词。

Everyone performed best in the silent condition, but less sociable people were more negatively affected by each of the distractions.

每个人在寂静条件下表现最好，但不太合群的人受到每种干扰的负面影响更大。

So, when children are reading and trying to incorporate new material, parents could consider allowing some background music, particularly if it is instrumental and their child is the outgoing type.

因此，当孩子阅读并试图吸收新材料时，父母可以考虑允许一些背景音乐，特别是如果它是器乐且孩子属于外向类型。

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the lecture you have just heard.

问题23至25基于你刚刚听到的讲座。

Question 22. What did some American researchers find about students' reading comprehension in the presence of background noise?

问题22。一些美国研究人员关于学生在背景噪音存在下的阅读理解发现了什么？

Question 23. What do we learn from the British researchers about the degree of interference from background noise?

问题23。我们从英国研究人员那里了解到背景噪音的干扰程度如何？

Question 24. What is best for students to do when writing essays according to some research?

问题24。根据一些研究，学生在写作文时最好做什么？

Question 25. How do people of different personalities react to distractions according to other studies? That's the end of Listening Comprehension.

问题25。根据其他研究，不同性格的人对干扰如何反应？听力理解结束。