2022年09月六级第1套长篇阅读匹配原文翻译及答案

A) As computer coding has become an increasingly sought-after skill, more K-12 schools are working it into their curriculums. Some states have considered allowing students to forgo (放弃) foreign language for coding classes, despite opposition from educators.

随着计算机编程成为日益抢手的技能，越来越多的K-12学校正将其纳入课程。尽管有教育工作者的反对，一些州已考虑允许学生放弃外语课程以选修编程课。

B) There's a debate over whether it's appropriate to teach coding in elementary schools, with fierce opinions on each side. When it comes to allowing coding to fill foreign language requirements, though, most educators agree: Coding should be added to curriculums, but not at the expense of foreign language classes.

关于在小学教授编程是否合适存在争议，双方观点激烈。然而，当涉及允许编程课程满足外语要求时，大多数教育工作者一致认为：编程应加入课程，但不应以牺牲外语课为代价。

C) The idea is that computer programming is a language, allowing people to communicate with machines and programs. It's the language of the 21st century and more valuable than a natural language, some advocates argue. The computer science field is growing faster than schools can keep up because of budget constraints and a lack of skills training for teachers.

这种观点认为计算机编程是一种语言，允许人们与机器和程序交流。一些倡导者认为，它是21世纪的语言，比自然语言更有价值。由于预算限制和教师技能培训的缺乏，计算机科学领域的发展速度超过了学校的跟进能力。

D) According to the 2016 U.S. News/Raytheon STEM Index, computer science jobs have helped boost wages in the U.S., and computer-related jobs hold the top seven positions in STEM fields for the highest number of workers. Foreign language interest, on the other hand, is declining for the first time since 1995. The number of higher education language enrollments declined between 2009 and 2013 by more than 111,000 spots, according to the Modern Language Association of America.

根据2016年美国新闻/雷神公司STEM指数，计算机科学工作帮助提升了美国的工资水平，计算机相关工作在STEM领域中工人数量排名前七。另一方面，外语兴趣自1995年以来首次下降。根据美国现代语言协会的数据，2009年至2013年间，高等教育语言入学人数减少了超过111,000个名额。

E) "I think the opportunity to give people a choice is important," says Florida state Senator Jeremy Ring, who introduced a bill last year that would allow Florida students to choose between foreign language and coding classes for the purpose of university admissions requirements. "I think if you're going to give two years of language in high school, you might as well do computer coding."

“我认为给人选择的机会很重要，”佛罗里达州参议员杰里米·林说，他去年提出了一项法案，允许佛罗里达学生在外语课和编程课之间选择，以满足大学入学要求。“我认为如果你在高中要上两年语言课，不如学计算机编程。”

F) The Florida bill died this year after passing 35:5 in the state Senate when the full Legislature failed to take action. It would have been the first state to try this initiative. Ring says that although he will be out of office, an identical bill will be reintroduced within the next year by others on his behalf. "In the speech I gave on the Senate floor, I said, 'We can be the first state to do this, or we can be the 50th state to do it. It's our choice. It's going to happen,'" Ring says.

佛罗里达州法案在州参议院以35:5通过后，因州议会未能采取行动而今年夭折。该州本可能成为第一个尝试这一举措的州。林表示，尽管他将离任，但明年将有他人代表他重新提出相同的法案。“我在参议院的演讲中说过，‘我们可以成为第一个这样做的州，也可以成为第五十个这样做的州。这是我们的选择。它将会发生，’”林说。

G) A Kentucky bill similar to the one in Florida was met with complaints from educators, and was then amended to promote computer science education initiatives with no mention of foreign language requirements. Instead, the state will provide support for higher quality certified teachers for programming classes. Under the Washington bill, public universities would accept two years of computer science classes in place of two years of foreign language for admission purposes. A report detailing the opinions of state university officials is due to the Legislature by November 2017.

肯塔基州一项类似佛罗里达州的法案遭到教育工作者的投诉，随后被修订以促进计算机科学教育举措，未提及外语要求。相反，该州将为编程课提供更高质量的认证教师支持。根据华盛顿州法案，公立大学将接受两年的计算机科学课程代替两年的外语课程作为入学要求。一份详细说明州大学官员意见的报告将于2017年11月提交给州议会。

H) Texas passed a bill in 2013 that allows students to substitute computer coding only after they have attempted and performed poorly in a foreign language class. Srini Mandyam, CTO and co-founder of kid-friendly instructional coding company Tynker, believes allowing students to forgo foreign language because they struggle with it is unproductive because every subject, whether art, math or language, is a significant contribution to a well-rounded existence. "Many students don't fare well with algebra but we never discuss eliminating it or … say chemistry is now counted as an algebra class," he said via email. "We teach algebra because it's important and we should teach foreign languages and coding for the same reason. Exposure to a wide breadth of subjects and material results in well-rounded students who are able to make informed decisions … about what they want to pursue."

德克萨斯州在2013年通过了一项法案，允许学生在尝试外语课并表现不佳后才能用计算机编程替代。Srini Mandyam，儿童友好型编程教学公司Tynker的首席技术官兼联合创始人，认为允许学生因为学习困难而放弃外语是低效的，因为每个学科，无论是艺术、数学还是语言，都对全面发展的生活有重要贡献。“许多学生代数成绩不好，但我们从未讨论取消它或……说化学现在算作代数课，”他通过电子邮件说。“我们教代数是因为它重要，我们应该以同样的理由教外语和编程。接触广泛的学科和材料能培养全面发展的学生，他们能够就自己想要追求的目标做出明智的决定。”

I) Computer science courses already fulfill a math or science high school graduation requirement in 28 states and the District of Columbia, up from only 12 states in 2013. And while advocates of the bills say they should count as foreign language instead, opponents stress the importance of balancing computer and foreign language skills.

计算机科学课程已在28个州和哥伦比亚特区满足高中毕业的数学或科学要求，而2013年仅有12个州。尽管法案倡导者认为它们应算作外语课程，但反对者强调平衡计算机和外语技能的重要性。

J) Studies show that bilingualism (双语) correlates with cognitive development, intelligence, memory and problem solving abilities, according to the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. A 2007 study showed that foreign language students outperformed their non-foreign language peers on standardized tests after only two to three years of study. And while a 2014 report from German and American universities suggests that programmers are using language (but not mathematical) regions of the brain when understanding code, critics remain wary. They say that regardless of cognitive functions, being monolingual is a disadvantage in the increasingly international economy, even if English has become the de facto (事实上的) language of business.

根据美国外语教学委员会的研究，双语能力与认知发展、智力、记忆和问题解决能力相关。2007年的一项研究表明，仅经过两到三年学习，外语学生在标准化测试中表现优于非外语同龄人。尽管德国和美国大学2014年的一份报告表明，程序员在理解代码时使用大脑的语言（而非数学）区域，但批评者仍持谨慎态度。他们表示，无论认知功能如何，在日益国际化的经济中，单语是一种劣势，即使英语已成为事实上的商业语言。

K) "Our world is shrinking but its problems are really growing," says ACTFL National Language Teacher of the Year Ted Zarrow, who teaches high school Latin in Westwood, Massachusetts, and has also studied Spanish, French, German, Italian and Greek. "We need to find a way to put ourselves at the global table and to treat each other with mutual respect. And learning languages allows us to do that because language is not part of culture, language is culture."

“我们的世界在缩小，但问题确实在增加，”美国外语教学委员会年度国家语言教师泰德·扎罗说，他在马萨诸塞州韦斯特伍德教授高中拉丁语，还学习过西班牙语、法语、德语、意大利语和希腊语。“我们需要找到一种方式，让自己坐在全球谈判桌前，并以相互尊重的方式对待彼此。学习语言让我们能做到这一点，因为语言不是文化的一部分，语言就是文化。”

L) Even with the benefits and skill sets languages provide, recruiters and employers value computer skills more. According to the National Association of Colleges and Employers' 2016 report, study abroad and foreign language fluency were not very influential in the employee hiring processes, but 55 percent of employers looked for computer skills on applicants' resumes. However, although 2016 computer science graduates can expect to make the second highest starting salary compared with other jobs this year, the Bureau of Labor predicts the demand for computer programmers will decrease 8 percent or by 26,500 jobs by 2024.

尽管语言提供了好处和技能组合，但招聘人员和雇主更重视计算机技能。根据美国大学与雇主协会2016年的报告，留学和外语流利度在招聘过程中影响不大，但55%的雇主在求职者简历中寻找计算机技能。然而，尽管2016年计算机科学毕业生今年与其他工作相比有望获得第二高的起薪，但劳工局预测，到2024年，对计算机程序员的需求将下降8%或减少26,500个工作岗位。

M) Ring says foreign language skills are important, but expresses doubt that school districts could work both coding and language into their curriculum in a significant way because they lack the time in the school day. "Nothing against language," he says. "I just think it's something you have to start early and not just have something that you do for a couple years in high school," he says.

林表示外语技能重要，但怀疑学区能否以重要方式将编程和语言都纳入课程，因为学校日时间不足。“并非反对语言，”他说。“我只是认为这是你必须早点开始的事情，而不是仅仅在高中做几年，”他说。

N) Zarrow agrees that foreign language education should begin earlier, but says it is possible to work both computer programming and foreign language learning into schools evenly. He suggests an immersive, dual language program where students spend half the day in English and half the day in another language, as several schools around the country have successfully implemented. "The study of language fosters a respect for diversity, a respect for ethnicity and really a respect for language," Zarrow says.

扎罗同意外语教育应更早开始，但表示有可能在学校均衡地安排计算机编程和外语学习。他建议采用沉浸式双语项目，学生半天用英语学习，半天用另一语言学习，正如全国几所学校已成功实施的那样。“语言学习培养对多样性、对种族以及对语言的尊重，”扎罗说。

O) Though the benefits of computer programming skills are vast, foreign language and coding experts agree that computer science should be negotiated into curriculums rather than replacing foreign language outright. Mandyam says the two skill sets are essential but unrelated. "Coding is an incredibly important 21st century skill for our kids to learn, and that's why we spend so much time trying to teach it," Mandyam says via email. "But I believe it is the same as or even really comparable to learning a foreign language. It would be a shame to lose something so important for the sake of adding something else, even something as important as coding. Clearly, education leaders must figure out a way to teach both."

尽管计算机编程技能的好处广泛，但外语和编程专家一致认为，计算机科学应协商纳入课程，而不是完全取代外语。Mandyam说这两种技能组合都重要但不相关。“编程是我们的孩子学习的重要21世纪技能，这就是我们花这么多时间试图教授它的原因，”Mandyam通过电子邮件说。“但我认为它与学习外语相同甚至真的相当。为了添加其他东西而失去如此重要的东西将是遗憾，即使像编程这样重要的东西。显然，教育领导者必须找到一种方式来教授两者。