2022年09月六级第1套仔细阅读 Passage 1 原文翻译及答案解析

The U.S. and China don't agree on much these days. Germany and France share a border and a currency but are frequently at odds. The U.K. and India like to march to their own drum. But there's one issue on which all these countries see eye to eye: Technology companies are too big, too powerful, and too profitable. And that power is only likely to intensify, leaving governments with no choice but to confront it head-on by taking the companies to court, passing new competition laws, and perhaps even breaking up the tech giants.

近年来，美国和中国在许多问题上存在分歧。德国和法国共享边界和货币，但经常意见不一。英国和印度喜欢特立独行。但有一个问题，所有这些国家都意见一致：科技公司过于庞大、过于强大、过于盈利。而且这种权力只会加剧，使得政府别无选择，只能通过将公司告上法庭、通过新的竞争法，甚至可能拆分科技巨头来直面应对。

China is the latest to implement an anti-trust crackdown, unveiling anti-monopoly rules last month. The draft rules followed the surprise suspension of a $37 billion stock offering by billionaire Jack Ma's Ant Group Co., making clear that no company can evade the government's regulation. The moves in China coincide with accelerating efforts in the U.S. and Europe to rein in Amazon.com, Apple, Facebook, and Google.

中国是最新实施反垄断打击的国家，上月公布了反垄断规则。这些规则草案紧随亿万富翁马云的蚂蚁集团意外暂停370亿美元股票发行之后，明确表示任何公司都无法逃避政府监管。中国的这些举措与美国和欧洲加快约束亚马逊、苹果、Facebook和谷歌的努力同步进行。

"The big get bigger and bigger but without being better," says Andreas Schwab, a German member of the European Parliament who championed a 2014 resolution to break up Google. "Growing economic power, growing influence on local markets all over the world, and a growing concern of competitors and consumers altogether have made it happen now."

“企业变得越来越大，但并未变得更好，”欧洲议会议员Andreas Schwab说，他曾倡导2014年一项拆分谷歌的决议。“不断增长的经济实力、对全球各地市场日益增长的影响力，以及竞争对手和消费者日益增长的担忧，共同促成了现在的局面。”

In this new anti-trust era, the old focus on pricing power no longer applies, because several of the biggest tech companies have established trillion-dollar monopolies by charging consumers next to nothing. Tech giants are increasingly assuming powerful positions in banking, finance, advertising, retail, and other markets that force smaller businesses to rely on their platforms to reach customers.

在这个新的反垄断时代，旧的对定价权的关注不再适用，因为几家最大的科技公司通过向消费者收取几乎为零的费用，建立了万亿美元的垄断地位。科技巨头在银行、金融、广告、零售和其他市场中日益占据强大地位，迫使小企业依赖它们的平台来接触客户。

For years, Europe alone confronted the power of digital giants. Governments were alarmed that European companies were failing to match Silicon Valley's innovations or to stop Google and Facebook from vacuuming up personal data and, with that, advertising revenue. Led by Margrethe Vestager, the European Union's competition chief, countries have sought to police the market and encourage fair play.

多年来，欧洲独自面对数字巨头的权力。政府震惊于欧洲公司未能匹敌硅谷的创新，或阻止谷歌和Facebook吸走个人数据及其带来的广告收入。在欧盟竞争事务专员Margrethe Vestager的领导下，各国试图监管市场并鼓励公平竞争。

In China the crackdown has been driven at least partly by fear that the homegrown tech industry is becoming too powerful. The country has long championed Alibaba and Tencent, but their massive accumulation of data on the Chinese citizenry is a growing concern for Beijing.

在中国，反垄断打击至少部分是由对本土科技行业变得过于强大的担忧所驱动。该国长期以来支持阿里巴巴和腾讯，但它们对中国公民数据的大规模积累日益引起北京的担忧。

In the U.S., a new breed of anti-trust experts argues that consideration should be given to privacy, control over data, workers' rights, and the overall impact on smaller companies. And the public in general have grown increasingly skeptical of social media companies. More than 60% say the sector has a negative effect on the country, and almost half want more regulation for social media, according to a 2020 Pew Research Center study.

在美国，新一代反垄断专家认为，应考虑隐私、数据控制、工人权益以及对小企业的整体影响。公众总体上对社交媒体公司越来越怀疑。根据2020年皮尤研究中心的一项研究，超过60%的人表示该行业对国家有负面影响，近半数人希望对社交媒体进行更多监管。