2018年06月四级第2套长篇阅读匹配原文翻译及答案

A) On a recent fall morning, a large crowd blocked the steps at one of Venice's main tourist sites, the Rialto Bridge. The Rialto Bridge is one of the four bridges spanning the Grand Canal. It is the oldest bridge across the canal, and was the dividing line between the districts of San Marco and San Polo. But on this day, there was a twist: it was filled with Venetians, not tourists.

在一个最近的秋日早晨，一大群人阻塞了威尼斯主要旅游景点之一——里亚托桥的台阶。里亚托桥是横跨大运河的四座桥梁之一。它是运河上最古老的桥，并且曾是圣马可区和圣波罗区的分界线。但这一天，情况有所不同：桥上挤满了威尼斯人，而不是游客。

B) "People are cheering and holding their carts in the air," says Giovanni Giorgio, who helped organize the march with a grass-roots organization called Generazione '90. The carts he refers to are small shopping carts—the symbol of a true Venetian. "It started as a joke," he says with a laugh. "The idea was to put blades on the wheels! You know? Like Ben Hur. Precisely like that, you just go around and run people down."

"人们欢呼着，把他们的推车举到空中，"乔瓦尼·乔治说，他帮助一个名为Generazione '90的草根组织组织了这次游行。他提到的推车是小型购物推车——真正威尼斯人的象征。"这起初是个玩笑，"他笑着说。"当时的想法是在轮子上装上刀片！你知道吗？就像《宾虚》一样。完全一样，你只是到处转悠，把人撞倒。"

C) Venice is one of the hottest tourist destinations in the world. But that's a problem. Up to 90,000 tourists crowd its streets and canals every day—far outnumbering the 55,000 permanent residents. The tourist increase is one key reason the city's population is down from 175,000 in the 1950s. The outnumbered Venetians have been steadily fleeing. And those who stick around are tired of living in a place where they can't even get to the market without swimming through a sea of picture-snapping tourists. Imagine, navigating through 50,000 people while on the way to school or to work.

威尼斯是世界上最热门的旅游目的地之一。但这正是问题所在。每天有多达9万游客涌入其街道和运河——远远超过了5.5万的永久居民。游客增加是城市人口从20世纪50年代的17.5万下降的一个关键原因。处于劣势的威尼斯人一直在稳定地逃离。而那些留下来的人也厌倦了生活在一个连去市场都需要在拍照游客的人海中艰难穿行的地方。想象一下，在上学或上班的路上要穿过5万人。

D) Laura Chigi, a grandmother at the march, says the local and national governments have failed to do anything about the crowds for decades, because they're only interested in tourism—the primary industry in Venice, worth more than $3 billion in 2015. "Venice is a cash cow," she says, "and everyone wants a piece."

参与游行的劳拉·奇吉是一位祖母，她说地方政府和国家政府几十年来都没有对人群问题采取任何措施，因为他们只对旅游业感兴趣——旅游业是威尼斯的主要产业，2015年价值超过30亿美元。"威尼斯是摇钱树，"她说，"每个人都想分一杯羹。"

E) Just beyond St. Mark's Square, a cruise ship passes, one of hundreds every year that appear over their medieval (中世纪的) surroundings. Their massive wake creates waves at the bottom of the sea, weakening the foundations of the centuries-old buildings themselves. "Every time I see a cruise ship, I feel sad," Chigi says. "You see the mud it drags; the destruction it leaves in its wake? That hurts the ancient wooden poles holding up the city underwater. One day we'll see Venice break down."

就在圣马可广场之外，一艘游轮驶过，每年有数百艘这样的游轮出现在其周围中世纪景观的上方。它们巨大的尾波在海底产生波浪，削弱了这些有数百年历史建筑的根基。"每次看到游轮，我都感到悲伤，"奇吉说。"你看到它拖动的泥浆了吗？它留下的破坏？那伤害了水下支撑这座城市的古老木桩。总有一天我们会看到威尼斯崩溃。"

F) For a time, UNESCO, the cultural wing of the United Nations, seemed to agree. Two years ago, it put Italy on notice, saying the government was not protecting Venice. UNESCO considers the entire city a World Heritage Site, a great honor that means Venice, at the cultural level, belongs to all of the world's people. In 2014, UNESCO gave Italy two years to manage Venice's flourishing tourism or the city would be placed on another list—World Heritage In Danger, joining such sites as Aleppo and Palmyra, destroyed by the war in Syria.

有一段时间，联合国的文化机构联合国教科文组织似乎也同意。两年前，它向意大利发出警告，称政府没有保护威尼斯。联合国教科文组织将整个城市视为世界遗产，这是一个巨大的荣誉，意味着在文化层面上威尼斯属于全世界人民。2014年，联合国教科文组织给了意大利两年时间来管理威尼斯蓬勃发展的旅游业，否则该城市将被列入另一份名单——濒危世界遗产，加入如阿勒颇和帕尔米拉等在叙利亚战争中被毁的遗址。

G) Venice's deadline passed with barely a murmur (嘟哝) this summer, just as UNESCO was meeting in Istanbul. Only one representative, Jad Tabet from Lebanon, tried to raise the issue. "For several years, the situation of heritage in Venice has been worsening, and it has now reached a dramatic situation," Tabet told UNESCO. "We have to act quickly—there is not a moment to waste."

威尼斯的截止日期在这个夏天几乎没有引起任何嘟哝就过去了，当时联合国教科文组织正在伊斯坦布尔开会。只有一名代表，来自黎巴嫩的贾德·塔贝特，试图提出这个问题。"多年来，威尼斯遗产的情况一直在恶化，现在已经到了一个戏剧性的地步，"塔贝特告诉联合国教科文组织。"我们必须迅速行动——没有时间浪费了。"

H) But UNESCO didn't even hold a vote. "It's been postponed until 2017," says Anna Somers, the founder and CEO of The Art Newspaper and the former head of Venice in Peril, a group devoted to restoring Venetian art. She says the main reason the U.N. cultural organization didn't vote to declare Venice a World Heritage Site In Danger is because UNESCO has become "intensely politicized. There would have been some back-room negotiations."

但联合国教科文组织甚至没有举行投票。"这被推迟到了2017年，"安娜·萨默斯说，她是《艺术报》的创始人和首席执行官，也是"威尼斯在危险中"组织的前负责人，该组织致力于恢复威尼斯艺术。她说，联合国文化组织没有投票宣布威尼斯为濒危世界遗产的主要原因是联合国教科文组织已经变得"高度政治化。可能会有一些幕后谈判。"

I) Italy boasts more UNESCO World Heritage Sites than any other country in the world, granting it considerable power and influence within the organization. The former head of the UNESCO World Heritage Centre, which oversees heritage sites, is Francesco Bandarin, a Venetian who now serves as UNESCO's assistant director-general for culture.

意大利拥有比世界上任何其他国家都多的联合国教科文组织世界遗产，这赋予了它在该组织内相当大的权力和影响力。前联合国教科文组织世界遗产中心负责人是弗朗西斯科·班达林，他是一位威尼斯人，现在担任联合国教科文组织文化助理总干事。

J) Earlier this year, Italy signed an accord with UNESCO to establish a task force of police art detectives and archaeologists (考古学家) to protect cultural heritage from natural disasters and terror groups, such as ISIS. The accord underlined Italy's global reputation as a good steward of art and culture.

今年早些时候，意大利与联合国教科文组织签署了一项协议，建立一个由警察艺术侦探和考古学家组成的特别工作组，以保护文化遗产免受自然灾害和恐怖组织（如ISIS）的破坏。该协议突显了意大利作为艺术和文化良好管理者的全球声誉。

K) But adding Venice to the UNESCO endangered list—which is dominated by sites in developing and conflict-ridden countries—would be an international embarrassment, and could even hurt Italy's profitable tourism industry. The Italian Culture Ministry says it is unaware of any government efforts to pressure UNESCO. As for the organization itself, it declined a request for an interview.

但将威尼斯列入联合国教科文组织濒危名单——该名单主要由发展中国家和冲突频发国家的遗址组成——将是一个国际尴尬，甚至可能损害意大利利润丰厚的旅游业。意大利文化部表示，它不知道有任何政府努力向联合国教科文组织施压。至于该组织本身，它拒绝了采访请求。

L) The city's current mayor, Luigi Brugnaro, has ridiculed UNESCO and told it to mind its own business, while continuing to support the cruise ship industry, which employs 5,000 Venice residents.

该市现任市长路易吉·布鲁尼亚罗嘲笑了联合国教科文组织，让它管好自己的事，同时继续支持游轮行业，该行业雇佣了5000名威尼斯居民。

M) As for Venetians, they're beyond frustrated and hoping for a solution soon. "It's a nightmare for me. Some situations are really difficult with tourists around," says Giorgio as he navigates around a swelling crowd at the Rialto Bridge. "There are just so many of them. They never know where they are going, and do not walk in an orderly manner. Navigating the streets can be exhausting."

至于威尼斯人，他们已经沮丧至极，希望很快找到解决方案。"这对我来说是场噩梦。有些情况在游客周围真的很困难，"乔治在里亚托桥上绕开越来越多的人群时说。"他们人太多了。他们永远不知道要去哪里，而且走路没有秩序。在街上穿行可能很累人。"

N) Then it hits him: This crowd isn't made up of tourists. They're Venetians. Giorgio says he's never experienced the Rialto Bridge this way in all his 22 years. "For once, we are the ones who are blocking the traffic," he says delightedly. "It feels unreal. It feels like we're some form of endangered species. It's just nice. The feeling is just pure." But, he worries, if tourism isn't managed and his fellow locals continue to move to the mainland, his generation might be the last who can call themselves native Venetians.

然后他突然意识到：这群人不是由游客组成的。他们是威尼斯人。乔治说，在他22年的生命中，他从未以这种方式体验过里亚托桥。"这一次，是我们这些人在阻塞交通，"他高兴地说。"感觉不真实。感觉我们像是某种濒危物种。这很好。感觉很纯粹。"但是，他担心，如果旅游业得不到管理，他的同胞继续迁往大陆，他这一代可能是最后能自称土生威尼斯人的一代。