2018年06月四级第3套长篇阅读匹配原文翻译及答案

A) This fall, David Aderhold, the chief of a high-achieving school district near Princeton, New Jersey, sent parents an alarming 16-page letter. The school district, he said, was facing a crisis. Its students were overburdened and stressed out, having to cope with too much work and too many demands. In the previous school year, 120 middle and high school students were recommended for mental health assessments and 40 were hospitalized. And on a survey administered by the district, students wrote things like, "I hate going to school," and "Coming out of 12 years in this district, I have learned one thing: that a grade, a percentage or even a point is to be valued over anything else."

今年秋天，新泽西州普林斯顿附近一个高绩效学区的负责人David Aderhold向家长们发出了一封长达16页的惊人信件。他说，该学区正面临一场危机。学生们负担过重、压力巨大，不得不应对过多的工作和要求。在上一学年，120名中学生被建议进行心理健康评估，40人住院。在学区进行的一项调查中，学生们写道：“我讨厌上学”以及“在这个学区度过12年，我学到了一件事：分数、百分比甚至一点分数都比其他任何东西更值得重视。”

B) With his letter, Aderhold inserted West Windsor-Plainsboro Regional School District into a national discussion about the intense focus on achievement at elite schools, and whether it has gone too far. At follow-up meetings, he urged parents to join him in advocating a "whole child" approach to schooling that respects "social-emotional development" and "deep and meaningful learning" over academics alone. The alternative, he suggested, was to face the prospect of becoming another Palo Alto, California, where outsize stress on teenage students is believed to have contributed to a number of suicides in the last six years.

通过这封信，Aderhold将West Windsor-Plainsboro Regional School District卷入了一场关于精英学校对成绩的过度关注以及是否过度的全国性讨论中。在后续会议上，他敦促家长们与他一起倡导一种“全人”的教育方法，尊重“社会情感发展”和“深度有意义的学习”，而不仅仅是学术。他暗示，另一种选择是面临成为另一个加利福尼亚州帕洛阿尔托的前景，那里青少年学生承受的过大压力被认为是过去六年中多起自杀事件的原因。

C) But instead of bringing families together, Aderhold's letter revealed a divide in the district, which has 9,700 students, and one that broke down roughly along racial lines. On one side are white parents like Catherine Foley, a former president of the Parent-Teacher-Student Association at her daughter's middle school, who has come to see the district's increasingly pressured atmosphere as opposed to learning. "My son was in fourth grade and told me, 'I'm not going to amount to anything because I have nothing to put on my resume,'" she said. On the other side are parents like Mike Jia, one of the thousands of Asian-American professionals who have moved to the district in the past decade, who said Aderhold's reforms would amount to a "dumbing down" of his children's education. "What is happening here reflects a national anti-intellectual trend that will not prepare our children for the future," Jia said.

但这封信并没有使家庭团结起来，反而揭示了该学区9700名学生之间的分歧，这种分歧大致沿种族线划分。一方是像Catherine Foley这样的白人家长，她是女儿所在中学的家长-教师-学生协会前主席，她开始认为学区日益增加的压力环境与学习背道而驰。“我儿子上四年级时告诉我，‘我不会有什么成就，因为我的简历上没有东西可写，’”她说。另一方是像Mike Jia这样的家长，他是过去十年中搬到该学区的数千名亚裔美国专业人士之一，他说Aderhold的改革将导致孩子们的教育“变得肤浅”。Jia说：“这里发生的事情反映了一种全国性的反智趋势，这不会为我们的孩子准备未来。”

D) About 10 minutes from Princeton and an hour and a half from New York City, West Windsor and Plainsboro have become popular bedroom communities for technology entrepreneurs, researchers and engineers, drawn in large part by the public schools. From the last three graduating classes, 16 seniors were admitted to MIT. It produces Science Olympiad winners, classically trained musicians and students with perfect SAT scores.

距离普林斯顿约10分钟路程，距离纽约市一个半小时路程，West Windsor和Plainsboro已成为科技企业家、研究人员和工程师受欢迎的郊区住宅区，很大程度上是被公立学校吸引。从最近三届毕业班中，有16名高年级学生被MIT录取。它培养出科学奥林匹克竞赛获胜者、古典音乐训练的音乐家和SAT满分学生。

E) The district has become increasingly popular with immigrant families from China, India and Korea. This year, 65 percent of its students are Asian-American, compared with 44 percent in 2007. Many of them are the first in their families born in the United States. They have had a growing influence on the district. Asian-American parents are enthusiastic supporters of the competitive instrumental music program. They have been huge supporters of the district's advanced mathematics program, which once began in the fourth grade but will now start in the sixth. The change to the program, in which 90 percent of the participating students are Asian-American, is one of Aderhold's reforms.

该学区越来越受到来自中国、印度和韩国家庭的欢迎。今年，其学生中65%是亚裔美国人，而2007年为44%。他们中许多人是家庭中第一个在美国出生的。他们对学区的影响力越来越大。亚裔美国家长是竞争性器乐项目的热情支持者。他们一直是学区高级数学项目的巨大支持者，该项目曾经从四年级开始，但现在将从六年级开始。该项目的更改，其中90%的参与者是亚裔美国人，是Aderhold的改革之一。

F) Asian-American students have been eager participants in a state program that permits them to take summer classes off campus for high school credit, allowing them to maximize the number of honors and Advanced Placement classes they can take, another practice that Aderhold is limiting this school year. With many Asian-American children attending supplementary instructional programs, there is a perception among some white families that the elementary school curriculum is being sped up to accommodate them.

亚裔美国学生一直热切参与一个州项目，该项目允许他们在校外参加暑期课程以获得高中学分，从而最大化他们能参加的荣誉和大学先修课程的数量，这是Aderhold本学年限制的另一项做法。由于许多亚裔美国儿童参加补充教学项目，一些白人家庭认为小学课程正在加速以适应他们。

G) Both Asian-American and white families say the tension between the two groups has grown steadily over the past few years, as the number of Asian families has risen. But the division has become more obvious in recent months as Aderhold has made changes, including no-homework nights, an end to high school midterms and finals, and an initiative that made it easier to participate in the music program.

亚裔美国家庭和白人家庭都表示，随着亚洲家庭数量的增加，两组之间的紧张关系在过去几年中稳步增长。但最近几个月，随着Aderhold进行改革，包括无作业之夜、取消高中期中和期末考试，以及一项使参与音乐项目更容易的倡议，这种分歧变得更加明显。

H) Jennifer Lee, professor of sociology at the University of California, Irvine, and an author of the Asian American Achievement Paradox, says misunderstanding between first-generation Asian-American parents and those who have been in this country longer are common. What white middle-class parents do not always understand, she said, is how much pressure recent immigrants feel to boost their children into the middle class. "They don't have the same chances to get their children internships (实习职位) or jobs at law firms," Lee said. "So what they believe is that their children must excel and beat their white peers in academic settings so they have the same chances to excel later."

加州大学欧文分校的社会学教授Jennifer Lee，也是《亚裔美国人成就悖论》的作者，说第一代亚裔美国家长和在这个国家生活较久的家长之间普遍存在误解。她说，白人中产阶级家长并不总是理解近期移民感受到的将孩子提升到中产阶级的压力有多大。“他们没有同样的机会让孩子获得实习职位或在律师事务所工作，”Lee说。“所以他们相信，他们的孩子必须在学术环境中表现出色并击败白人同龄人，这样他们以后才有同样的机会取得成功。”

I) The issue of the stresses felt by students in elite school districts has gained attention in recent years as schools in places like Newton, Massachusetts, and Palo Alto have reported a number of suicides. West Windsor-Plainsboro has not had a teenage suicide in recent years, but Aderhold, who has worked in the district for seven years and been chief for the last three years, said he had seen troubling signs. In a recent art assignments, a middle school student depicted (描绘) an overburdened child who was being scolded for earning an A, rather than an A+, on a math exam. In the image, the mother scolds the student with the words, "Shame on you!" Further, he said, the New Jersey Education Department has flagged at least two pieces of writing on state English language assessments in which students expressed suicidal thoughts.

近年来，精英学区学生感受到的压力问题受到关注，因为像马萨诸塞州牛顿和帕洛阿尔托这样的地方学校报告了多起自杀事件。West Windsor-Plainsboro近年来没有发生青少年自杀事件，但在该学区工作了七年、担任负责人三年的Aderhold表示，他看到了令人不安的迹象。在最近的一次艺术作业中，一名中学生描绘了一个负担过重的孩子，因为在数学考试中得了A而不是A+而受到责骂。在图像中，母亲用“你真丢人！”的话责骂学生。此外，他说，新泽西州教育部已经标记了至少两篇在州英语语言评估中表达自杀想法的学生作文。

J) The survey commissioned by the district found that 68 percent of high school honor and Advanced Placement students reported feeling stressed about school "always or most of the time." "We need to bring back some balance," Aderhold said. "You don't want to wait until it's too late to do something."

学区委托进行的一项调查发现，68%的高中荣誉和大学先修课程学生报告说，他们对学校感到压力“总是或大部分时间”。“我们需要恢复一些平衡，”Aderhold说。“你不想等到为时已晚才采取行动。”

K) Not all public opinion has fallen along racial lines. Karen Sue, the Chinese-American mother of a fifth-grader and an eighth-grader, believes the competition within the district has gotten out of control. Sue, who was born in the United States to immigrant parents, wants her peers to dial it back. "It's become an arms race, an educational arms race," she said. "We all want our kids to achieve and be successful. The question is, at what cost?"

并非所有公众意见都沿种族线划分。Karen Sue，一位五年级和八年级学生的华裔美国人母亲，认为学区内的竞争已经失控。Sue，出生在美国，父母是移民，她希望她的同龄人能收敛一下。“这已经变成了一场军备竞赛，一场教育军备竞赛，”她说。“我们都希望我们的孩子取得成就并成功。问题是，代价是什么？”