2020年07月四级第1套听力原文及答案解析

News report one.

新闻报道一。

Good morning.

早上好。

In today's headlines, Scotland's transport minister has warned of potentially extreme weather conditions as heavy snow is forecast across the country later this week.

在今天的头条新闻中，苏格兰交通部长警告说，由于预计本周晚些时候全国将出现大雪，可能会出现极端天气状况。

Orange warnings are in force for many areas for Wednesday and Thursday.

橙色预警已在许多地区生效，适用于周三和周四。

The transport minister advised people in parts of Scotland covered by the Orange Alert to avoid travel on Wednesday.

交通部长建议苏格兰部分地区被橙色预警覆盖的人们在周三避免出行。

This is what he said to us.

这是他对我们所说的话。

The orange warning may be raised to red in some areas.

橙色预警在某些地区可能升级为红色预警。

That is a warning for snow that has never been seen since the modern system came into place in Scotland.

那是自现代预警系统在苏格兰实施以来从未出现过的降雪预警。

The orange warning has been extended until 6pm on Thursday.

橙色预警已延长至周四下午6点。

Trains, planes and ferries are also likely to be affected, with a wind chill that could see parts of Britain feeling as cold as minus 15 degrees Celsius.

火车、飞机和渡轮也可能受到影响，风寒效应可能使英国部分地区感觉冷至零下15摄氏度。

The head of road policing said, I would urge drivers to take extra care on the roads for their journeys.

道路警务负责人表示，我敦促司机在旅途中格外小心道路安全。

Drivers should make sure they are prepared for their journey with warm clothing, food and drink, sufficient fuel and a charged mobile phone.

司机应确保为旅途做好准备，携带保暖衣物、食物和饮料、充足的燃油以及充满电的手机。

There could be significant traffic delays, so please start to plan your journey now and consider if you really need to travel when conditions are this poor.

可能会有严重的交通延误，因此请现在开始规划您的行程，并考虑在条件如此恶劣时是否真的需要出行。

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

问题1和问题2基于您刚刚听到的新闻报道。

Question 1. What were people in parts of Scotland advised to do?

问题1. 苏格兰部分地区的人们被建议做什么？

Question 2. What did the head of road policing urge drivers to do?

问题2. 道路警务负责人敦促司机做什么？

News report 2.

新闻报道2。

Romania's wetlands are coming back to life.

罗马尼亚的湿地正在恢复生机。

Thanks to help from local communities, the World Wildlife Fund and funding from the European Union.

得益于当地社区的帮助、世界野生动物基金会的支持以及欧盟的资金。

Roughly 2,224 acres of the picturesque Danube Delta, home to 300 species of birds, have filled with wildlife.

风景如画的多瑙河三角洲约2224英亩的土地上，作为300种鸟类的家园，已充满了野生动物。

The land has been connected to the network of lakes and streams in the area.

这片土地已与该地区的湖泊和溪流网络相连。

A lot of birds have migrated to the area, and one doesn't need to travel long hours anymore or go to other lakes to watch the birds, says Ian Muta, deputy mayor of Mahmudia.

许多鸟类已迁徙到该地区，人们不再需要长途跋涉或去其他湖泊观鸟，马赫穆迪亚副市长伊恩·穆塔说。

The area around Mahmudia, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is the third most biodiverse in the world, after Australia's Great Barrier Reef and the Galapagos Islands.

马赫穆迪亚周边地区是联合国教科文组织世界遗产地，是全球生物多样性第三丰富的地区，仅次于澳大利亚大堡礁和加拉帕戈斯群岛。

Groups used earth-moving equipment to restore the waterways.

团体使用土方设备修复水道。

Government officials propose to protect the area's endangered wild fish by issuing a fishing ban over the next decade.

政府官员提议通过在未来十年实施捕鱼禁令来保护该地区濒危的野生鱼类。

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

问题3和4基于你刚刚听到的新闻报道。

Question 3. What is the news report mainly about?

问题3. 新闻报道主要关于什么？

Question 4. What did government officials propose to do to protect the endangered fish?

问题4. 政府官员提议采取什么措施来保护濒危鱼类？

News report 3.

新闻报道3。

Scott Dunn recently awoke from the medically-induced sleep he'd been in after a car accident.

斯科特·邓恩最近从车祸后被医疗诱导的昏迷中醒来。

He was heartbroken after realizing he'd missed his high school graduation, so his classmates decided to give him another chance.

在意识到自己错过了高中毕业典礼后，他心碎了，因此他的同学们决定再给他一次机会。

It was just a month ago that East Huniata High School seniors met in their school's auditorium for graduation, and last week they did it again.

就在一个月前，东胡尼亚塔高中的毕业生们在学校礼堂举行了毕业典礼，上周他们又举办了一次。

Scott's car accident was on May 22nd, just three days before the ceremony.

斯科特的车祸发生在5月22日，就在典礼前三天。

I remember waking up in the hospital and asking Mum what date it was.

我记得在医院醒来时，问妈妈那天是什么日期。

She told me it was the 28th, he said.

她告诉我那是28号，他说。

I looked at her and said, I missed my graduation.

我看着她说，我错过了我的毕业典礼。

The school's principal, Mr Fawzi, called Scott's mum, Karen, and said that everybody wanted to do something special for him.

学校的校长法兹先生打电话给斯科特的妈妈凯伦，说大家都想为他做些特别的事。

Students wore their caps and gowns and sat in the front of the auditorium.

学生们戴着学士帽、穿着学士服，坐在礼堂的前面。

Scott's parents, Karen and Scott Senior, sat front and centre.

斯科特的父母，凯伦和老斯科特，坐在前排中央。

After brief speeches, Scott's name was called, only Scott's name.

简短演讲后，斯科特的名字被叫到，只有斯科特的名字。

He walked across the stage as the audience cheered.

他在观众的欢呼声中走过舞台。

A graduation for one.

一个人的毕业典礼。

I'm speechless, Scott said.

我无言以对，斯科特说。

I don't know how to even explain it.

我甚至不知道该如何解释。

I'm speechless to know that so many people are behind me.

知道这么多人支持我，我无言以对。

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

问题5到7基于你刚刚听到的新闻报道。

Question 5. What happened to Scott a month ago?

问题5. 斯科特一个月前发生了什么事？

Question 6. What did Scott ask about when he regained consciousness?

问题6. 斯科特恢复意识时问了什么？

Question 7. Why was Scott speechless at the graduation ceremony?

问题7. 为什么斯科特在毕业典礼上无言以对？

Conversation 1.

对话1.

M: How do you like your new flexible working arrangement?

你觉得你的新弹性工作安排怎么样？

M: Do you enjoy working from home?

你喜欢在家工作吗？

F: Yes and no.

既是也不是。

F: I find the isolation challenging at times.

我有时觉得这种孤立感很有挑战性。

F: Apart from my mother, not too many people I know have time for phone chats during working hours.

除了我母亲，我认识的人中没多少人有在工作时间电话聊天的时间。

F: I tried the library but found I wasn't really keen on working there.

我试过去图书馆，但发现我并不太喜欢在那里工作。

M: No, neither would I.

不，我也不会。

M: I find the library a bit too quiet.

我觉得图书馆有点太安静了。

M: I'd lack inspiration or stimulation, which would be counterproductive to getting a lot of work done.

我会缺乏灵感或刺激，这对完成大量工作是适得其反的。

F: I found the same thing, so lately I've been going out to cafes occasionally.

我也有同感，所以最近我偶尔会去咖啡馆。

F: I love the noise, the people, the busyness of a cafe, the sense of being out in the world.

我喜欢咖啡馆的噪音、人群、忙碌感，以及置身于世界中的感觉。

F: Coffee shops seem to have effectively become office spaces for so many people in this digital age, though I'm not sure how cafe owners feel about it, having so many people who go to their places to work rather than drink and eat.

在这个数字时代，咖啡馆似乎已经成为许多人的办公空间，不过我不确定咖啡馆老板对此作何感想，有这么多人去他们的场所工作而不是喝饮料和吃东西。

M: Yes, some people seem to spend a lot of time there and not order much.

是的，有些人似乎在那里花很多时间，却点得不多。

F: The most annoying ones for cafe owners must surely be those, usually only two of them, who occupy a table for six with their laptops and paperwork.

对咖啡馆老板来说，最烦人的肯定是那些人，通常只有两个人，却用他们的笔记本电脑和文件占据一张六人桌。

F: They should sit at a table for two, not at a table for six.

他们应该坐在两人桌，而不是六人桌。

M: Some obviously stay so long they need to plug their laptops into a power outlet.

有些人显然待得很久，需要把笔记本电脑插到电源插座上。

M: I nearly tripped over someone's computer electrical lead the other day in my local cafe.

前几天在我当地的咖啡馆，我差点被别人的电脑电线绊倒。

F: It's a double-edged sword, no doubt about that, for a cafe owner.

毫无疑问，这对咖啡馆老板来说是一把双刃剑。

F: While remote workers help to keep the cafe full in quiet times, they can take up valuable table space in busy periods.

虽然远程工作者在闲时帮助保持咖啡馆满座，但在忙时他们可能占据宝贵的桌位空间。

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

问题8到11基于你刚刚听到的对话。

Question 8. What does the woman say is the disadvantage of working from home?

问题8. 女士说在家工作的缺点是什么？

Question 9. What does the man say is counterproductive to getting work done in the library?

问题9. 男士说在图书馆完成工作的什么因素是适得其反的？

Question 10. What does the woman like about doing one's work in a cafe?

问题10. 女士喜欢在咖啡馆工作的什么？

Question 11. What is most annoying for cafe owners according to the woman?

问题11. 根据女士的说法，什么最令咖啡馆老板烦恼？

Conversation 2.

对话2。

F: I'm going to start looking for another job.

我打算开始找另一份工作。

F: I can't see myself getting an opportunity to progress at my company anytime in the near future.

我看不到自己在公司近期有任何晋升机会。

F: And I really think my skills and abilities deserve a higher salary.

而且我确实认为我的技能和能力值得更高的薪水。

M: You're not going to quit, are you?

你不会辞职吧，对吧？

F: I'm thinking I might as well.

我想我不如辞职算了。

F: Then I can devote more time and energy to finding a better position at another company.

这样我就能投入更多时间和精力在另一家公司找到更好的职位。

M: But you've been at your present company less than two years, haven't you?

但你在现在的公司还不到两年，对吧？

M: This will be the third time you've left a job in the last five years.

这将是你在过去五年里第三次离职。

M: If you do several jobs in a relatively short span of time, prospective employers might perceive that you lack loyalty.

如果你在相对短的时间内换了几份工作，潜在雇主可能会认为你缺乏忠诚度。

M: That could make them wary and reluctant to employ you.

这可能会让他们谨慎而不愿雇用你。

F: Unfortunately, loyalty doesn't pay.

不幸的是，忠诚没有回报。

F: Even if I get a promotion at my company, it's likely to be less sizable than if I were to get a job elsewhere.

即使我在公司获得晋升，其规模也可能不如我在其他地方找到工作那么大。

F: And even if I get a promotion, I'm not guaranteed to get a raise.

而且即使我获得晋升，也不能保证加薪。

F: I had that experience at another company I worked at.

我在另一家公司工作时有过这种经历。

M: They wanted you to take on more work and responsibility, but for the same amount of money?

他们希望你承担更多工作和责任，但薪水不变？

F: More or less, yes.

差不多是这样。

F: The way I see it, through having different jobs, I've gathered a lot of experience in different jobs and in different industries.

在我看来，通过从事不同的工作，我在不同岗位和不同行业积累了大量经验。

M: But potential employers might worry that that experience is not deep or thorough enough.

但潜在雇主可能担心这些经验不够深入或全面。

F: Perhaps, but I feel pretty confident that I can sell myself.

也许吧，但我相当自信能够推销自己。

F: You know what they say, fortune favours the brave.

你知道人们常说，天助勇者。

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

问题12至15基于你刚才听到的对话。

Question 12. What makes the woman think about changing her job?

问题12。是什么让那位女士考虑换工作？

Question 13. What does the man say about people who keep changing their jobs?

问题13。那位男士对频繁换工作的人有什么看法？

Question 14. What does the woman say would happen even if she got promoted in her current company?

问题14。女士说即使她在当前公司获得晋升，会发生什么？

Question 15. What benefit has the woman gained from changing her jobs frequently?

问题15。女士从频繁换工作中获得了什么好处？

Passage 1.

第一篇。

There is a saying that goes something along the lines of you must love yourself first before you can love someone else.

有一句谚语说，大意是：你必须先爱自己，才能爱别人。

Similarly, I personally believe that you must be comfortable and happy in your own company before you can truly be yourself in the company of others.

类似地，我个人认为，你必须先在独处时感到舒适和快乐，才能在他人陪伴时真正做自己。

There is a massive difference between being lonely and being alone.

孤独和独处之间有很大的区别。

Loneliness is a horrible feeling.

孤独是一种可怕的感觉。

However, you don't have to actually be alone to feel that way.

然而，你并不一定要真正独处才能感到孤独。

Many times, I've felt lonely when surrounded by a big group of people.

很多次，当被一大群人包围时，我感到孤独。

In contrast, being alone can actually be a blessing, particularly when you've actively chosen it.

相比之下，独处实际上可能是一种福气，尤其是当你主动选择它时。

In my experience, being bored and alone is dangerous and can easily lead to the feeling of loneliness.

根据我的经验，无聊和独处是危险的，很容易导致孤独感。

The trick is to be active.

关键是要活跃起来。

Get outside.

到户外去。

Stretch your legs.

伸展腿脚。

Do something cultural.

做一些有文化气息的事情。

Buy yourself something tasty to eat or something pretty to wear.

给自己买点好吃的或漂亮的衣服。

You don't have to take anyone else into consideration and can do whatever you please.

你不需要考虑别人，可以随心所欲地做任何事。

Spending time alone also allows you to more efficiently take care of problems.

独处时间也让你能更有效地处理问题。

And then, when it's time to be social and meet up with your friends, you will be fully there because you won't have too much other stuff floating around in your mind.

然后，当需要社交和与朋友见面时，你会全神贯注，因为脑海中不会有太多其他杂念。

Having been alone for a bit, you will also appreciate your friend's company more and chances are your time spent together will be more worthwhile.

独处一段时间后，你也会更珍惜朋友的陪伴，而且你们在一起的时间很可能更有价值。

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题16到18基于你刚才听到的短文。

Question 16. What does the speaker say about being alone?

问题16：说话者对独处有什么看法？

Question 17. What does the speaker say helps reduce one's feeling of loneliness?

问题17：说话者说什么有助于减少孤独感？

Question 18. What is an advantage of spending one's time alone?

问题18：独处时间有什么好处？

Passage 2.

第二段。

When I turned 12, I worked summers at my father's small brick cleaning business.

我12岁那年，夏天在父亲的小型砖块清洁公司工作。

I remember the harsh acid smell of the cleaning solution and the scraping sound of stiff iron brushes against rough brick.

我记得清洁溶液刺鼻的酸味，以及硬铁刷在粗糙砖块上刮擦的声音。

It was tempting to hurry a job just to finish.

人们很容易想匆匆完成工作，只为早点结束。

But anybody who worked for Thomas Calhoun had to meet his standards and that included me.

但任何为托马斯·卡尔霍恩工作的人都必须达到他的标准，这包括我。

If I messed up, he made me stay late until I got it right.

如果我搞砸了，他会让我加班直到我做对为止。

My father wasn't being mean.

我父亲并非刻薄。

He demanded the same of himself.

他对自己也同样要求。

Every brick he cleaned on a house stood out like a red jewel in a white setting.

他在房子上清洁的每一块砖都像白底上的红宝石一样突出。

It was his signature.

这是他的标志。

In 1970, when I was 20, I got married and moved out of my parents' modest place into a housing project.

1970年，当我20岁时，我结婚并搬出父母简朴的住所，住进了一个公共住房项目。

Drugs and gang violence were just beginning to plague the projects.

毒品和帮派暴力刚开始困扰这些住房项目。

Some of my friends went to jail.

我的一些朋友进了监狱。

Some were killed.

有些人被杀。

My wife, Verlyn, was 18 and nobody gave our marriage a chance.

我的妻子，弗琳，当时18岁，没人看好我们的婚姻。

But we believed in each other and our faith made us strong.

但我们彼此信任，我们的信念让我们坚强。

When we married, I worked as a stock clerk at Southwest Superfoods.

我们结婚时，我在西南超级食品公司担任库存职员。

It was hard, tedious work.

这是一份辛苦、乏味的工作。

Each Friday night, a truck came with cases of food that had to be unloaded, priced, and placed on shelves.

每个星期五晚上，一辆卡车运来成箱的食品，需要卸货、标价并上架。

Most of the stock clerks tried to get Friday night off, but I was always ready to work.

大多数库存职员都试图星期五晚上休息，但我总是准备好工作。

By Saturday morning, all the cans and jars in my aisle were placed with the labels facing smartly out, like a line of soldiers on review.

到星期六早上，我负责的过道里所有罐头和瓶子都摆放得整整齐齐，标签朝外，像一排接受检阅的士兵。

That was my signature.

那是我的标志。

I took pride in a job nobody wanted.

我为一份没人想要的工作感到自豪。

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题19至21基于你刚刚听到的段落。

Question 19. What do we learn about the speaker's father?

问题19. 关于说话者的父亲，我们了解到什么？

Question 20. What does the speaker say about the housing project?

问题20. 说话者对住房项目说了什么？

Question 21. What do we learn about the speaker as a stock clerk?

问题21. 关于说话者作为库存职员，我们了解到什么？

Passage 3.

段落3。

Watching more than three hours of television a day doubles memory loss in older people, a new study of more than 3,000 adults suggests.

一项对超过3000名成年人的新研究表明，每天看电视超过三小时会使老年人的记忆力下降翻倍。

Scientists at University College London used memory and fluency tests on the same group of people six years apart.

伦敦大学学院的科学家们在六年间对同一组人进行了记忆力和流畅性测试。

They found that those who watched on average less than three hours television a day showed a decline of around 4% to 5%, while those who tended to watch more than three hours a day declined by an average of 8% to 10%.

他们发现，平均每天看电视少于三小时的人记忆力下降约4%到5%，而倾向于每天看电视超过三小时的人记忆力平均下降8%到10%。

The research team say they believe the alert but passive nature of television watching may be creating stress on the mind, which contributes to memory decline.

研究团队表示，他们认为看电视时警觉但被动的性质可能会对大脑产生压力，从而导致记忆力下降。

Older people who watch more television are also less likely to undertake activities known to preserve mental functioning, such as reading or interactive screen-based pursuits, such as using the internet or playing video games.

看电视较多的老年人也不太可能从事已知能保持心智功能的活动，如阅读或基于屏幕的互动活动，如使用互联网或玩电子游戏。

The researchers say that television viewing may be a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, but more research is needed to establish a link.

研究人员表示，看电视可能是阿尔茨海默病的一个风险因素，但需要更多研究来建立联系。

While watching television may have educational benefits and relaxation benefits, the researchers advise that adults over the age of 50 should try and ensure that television viewing is balanced with other contrasting activities.

尽管看电视可能有教育益处和放松益处，研究人员建议50岁以上的成年人应努力确保看电视与其他对比活动保持平衡。

If you're concerned that the amount of television you're watching could have a negative impact on your health, you should limit the amount of TV you watch each day and undertake some healthy hobbies.

如果你担心看电视的量可能对你的健康产生负面影响，你应该限制每天看电视的量，并从事一些健康的爱好。

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

第22至25题基于你刚才听到的段落。

Question 22. By what means did scientists at University College London measure memory loss?

第22题。伦敦大学学院的科学家们通过什么方式测量记忆力下降？

Question 23. What contributed to memory decline in the participants?

第23题。什么导致了参与者的记忆力下降？

Question 24. What do the researchers say about their finding concerning the link between TV viewing and Alzheimer's disease?

第24题。研究人员对他们的发现说了什么，关于看电视与阿尔茨海默病之间的联系？

Question 25. What do the researchers suggest older people do?

第25题。研究人员建议老年人做什么？