2020年07月四级第1套长篇阅读匹配原文翻译及答案

A) Why do so many Americans eat tons of processed food, the stuff that is correctly called junk (垃圾) and should really carry warning labels?

为什么这么多美国人大量食用加工食品——这些完全可以被称为垃圾、本应贴上警告标签的东西？

B) It's not because fresh ingredients are hard to come by. Supermarkets offer more variety than ever, and there are over four times as many farmers' markets in the US as there were 20 years ago. Nor is it for lack of available information. There are plenty of recipes (食谱), how-to videos and cooking classes available to anyone who has a computer, smart phone or television. If anything, the information is overwhelming.

并非因为新鲜食材难以获得。超市提供的种类比以往任何时候都多，美国的农贸市场数量也是20年前的四倍多。也不是因为缺乏可用信息。食谱、教学视频和烹饪课程对任何拥有电脑、智能手机或电视的人来说都唾手可得。要说的话，信息甚至多到让人应接不暇。

C) And yet we aren't cooking. If you eat three meals a day and behave like most Americans, you probably get at least a third of your daily calories (卡路里) outside the home. Nearly two-thirds of us grab fast food once a week, and we get almost 25% of our daily calories from snacks. So we're eating out or taking in, and we don't sit down or we do, but we hurry.

然而我们却不下厨。如果你一天吃三餐，且行为模式与大多数美国人相似，那么你至少有三分之一的每日卡路里可能是在家以外的地方摄入的。近三分之二的人每周会吃一次快餐，我们每日近25%的卡路里来自零食。因此，我们外出就餐或叫外卖，或者我们坐下来吃，但吃得匆忙。

D) Shouldn't preparing and consuming food be a source of comfort, pride, health, well-being, relaxation, sociability? Something that connects us to other humans? Why would we want to outsource (外包) this basic task, especially when outsourcing it is so harmful?

准备和享用食物，难道不应该是安慰、自豪、健康、福祉、放松和社交的源泉吗？不该是让我们与他人联结的事物吗？我们为何要将这项基本任务外包出去，尤其是当外包危害如此之大时？

E) When I talk about cooking, I'm not talking about creating elaborate dinner parties or three-day science projects. I'm talking about simple, easy, everyday meals. My mission is to encourage green hands and those lacking time or money to feed themselves. That means we need modest, realistic expectations, and we need to teach people to cook food that's good enough to share with family and friends.

当我说烹饪时，我指的不是举办精致的晚宴或是进行为期三天的科学实验。我说的是简单、容易、日常的餐食。我的使命是鼓励新手以及那些缺乏时间或金钱的人自己做饭。这意味着我们需要适度、现实的期望，并且我们需要教会人们烹饪出足以与家人朋友分享的美味食物。

F) Perhaps a return to real cooking needn't be far off. A recent Harris poll revealed that 79% of Americans say they enjoy cooking and 30% "love it"; 14% admit to not enjoying kitchen work and just 7% won't go near the stove at all. But this doesn't necessarily translate to real cooking, and the result of this survey shouldn't surprise anyone: 52% of those 65 or older cook at home five or more times per week; only a third of young people do.

或许回归真正的烹饪并非遥不可及。近期哈里斯民意调查显示，79%的美国人表示享受烹饪，30%的人“热爱烹饪”；14%的人承认不喜欢厨房工作，仅有7%的人完全不愿靠近炉灶。但这并不一定意味着真正动手烹饪，而且这项调查结果不应让任何人感到意外：65岁及以上的人中，52%每周在家做饭五次或更多；年轻人中只有三分之一这样做。

G) Back in the 1950s most of us grew up in households where mom cooked virtually every night. The intention to put a home-cooked meal on the table was pretty much universal. Most people couldn't afford to do otherwise.

早在20世纪50年代，我们大多数人成长于母亲几乎每晚都做饭的家庭。准备一顿家常便饭的意愿几乎是普遍的。大多数人负担不起别的选择。

H) Although frozen dinners were invented in the 40s, their popularity didn't boom until televisions became Popular a decade or so later. Since then, Packaged, pre-prepared meals have been what's for dinner. The microwave and fast-food chains were the biggest catalysts (催化剂), but the big food companies—which want to sell anything except the raw ingredients that go into cooking—made the home cook an endangered species.

虽然冷冻餐在40年代就已发明，但其普及直到电视在十多年后流行起来才真正爆发。自那时起，包装好的、预先准备好的餐食就成了晚餐的主角。微波炉和快餐连锁店是最大的催化剂，但那些希望销售除烹饪用原材料以外任何东西的大型食品公司，让家庭厨师成了濒危物种。

I) Still, I find it strange that only a third of young people report preparing meals at home regularly. Isn't this the same crowd that rails against Processed junk and champions craft cooking? And isn't this the generation who say they're concerned about their health and the well-being of the Planet? If these are truly the values of many young people, then their behavior doesn't match their beliefs.

尽管如此，我还是觉得奇怪，只有三分之一的年轻人报告说经常在家做饭。这不就是那些抨击加工垃圾食品、倡导手工烹饪的人群吗？这不就是那一代声称关心自身健康和地球福祉的人吗？如果这真是许多年轻人的价值观，那么他们的行为就与其信念不符。

J) There have been half-hearted but well-Publicized efforts by some food companies to reduce calories in their processed foods, but the Standard American Diet is still the polar opposite of the healthy, mostly Plant- based diet that just about every expert says we should be eating. Considering that the government's standards are not nearly ambitious enough, the Picture is clear: by not cooking at home, we're not eating the right things, and the consequences are hard to overstate.

一些食品公司曾采取过半心半意但广为宣传的措施，以减少其加工食品中的卡路里，但标准的美式饮食仍然与几乎每一位专家都推荐我们应该采用的、以植物为主的健康饮食截然相反。考虑到政府的标准远不够严格，情况很明确：不在家做饭，我们就吃不对东西，其后果怎么强调都不为过。

K) To help quantify (量化) the costs of a Poor diet, I recently tried to estimate this impact in terms of a most famous food, the burger (汉堡包). I concluded that the Profit from burgers is more than offset (抵消) by the damage they cause in health Problems and environmental harm.

为了帮助量化不良饮食的代价，我最近尝试根据一种最著名的食物——汉堡包——来估算这种影响。我得出的结论是，汉堡包带来的利润，远不足以抵消它们造成的健康问题和环境破坏所导致的损失。

L) Cooking real food is the best defense—not to mention that any meal you're likely to eat at home contains about 200 fewer calories than one you would eat in a restaurant.

烹饪真正的食物是最好的防御——更不用说，你在家吃的任何一顿饭，都可能比在餐馆吃的一餐少摄入约200卡路里。

M) To those Americans for whom money is a concern, my advice is simple: Buy what you can afford, and cook it yourself. The common prescription is to primarily shop the grocery store, since that's where fresh produce, meat and seafood, and dairy are. And to save money and still eat well you don't need local, organic ingredients; all you need is real food. I'm not saying local food isn't better; it is. But there is plenty of decent food in the grocery stores.

对于那些经济条件有限的美国人，我的建议很简单：买你能负担得起的东西，然后自己烹饪。常见的处方是主要去杂货店购物，因为那里有新鲜农产品、肉类、海鲜和乳制品。要想省钱又吃得健康，你不需要本地的、有机的食材；你需要的只是真正的食物。我并不是说本地食物不好；它确实更好。但杂货店里有很多不错的食物。

N) The other sections you should get to know are the frozen foods and the canned goods. Frozen produce is still Produce; canned tomatoes are still tomatoes. Just make sure you're getting real food without tons of added salt or sugar. Ask yourself, would Grandma consider this food? Does it look like something that might occur in nature? It's Pretty much common sense: you want to buy food, not unidentifiable food like objects.

你应该了解的其他区域是冷冻食品和罐头食品。冷冻农产品仍然是农产品；罐头西红柿仍然是西红柿。只要确保你买的是真正的食物，没有添加大量的盐或糖。问问自己，奶奶会认为这是食物吗？它看起来像是自然界可能出现的东西吗？这基本上是常识：你想买的是食物，而不是无法辨认的类食物物体。

O) You don't have to hit the grocery store daily, nor do you need an abundance of skill. Since fewer than half of Americans say they cook at an intermediate level and only 20% describe their cooking skills as advanced, the crisis is one of confidence. And the only remedy for that is Practice. There's nothing mysterious about cooking the evening meal. You just have to do a little thinking ahead and redefine what qualifies as dinner. Like any skill, cooking gets easier as you do it more; every time you cook, you advance your level of skills. Someday you won't even need recipes. My advice is that you not pay attention to the number of steps and ingredients, because they can be deceiving.

你不必每天去杂货店，也不需要高超的技巧。既然不到一半的美国人称自己的烹饪水平中等，只有20%的人认为自己的烹饪技能高级，那么危机在于信心不足。对此唯一的补救方法就是练习。烹饪晚餐没什么神秘的。你只需要稍微提前思考，并重新定义什么是晚餐。像任何技能一样，你做得越多，烹饪就越容易；每次做饭，你的技能水平都会提高。终有一天你甚至不再需要食谱。我的建议是，不要关注步骤和食材的数量，因为它们可能会产生误导。

P) Time, I realize, is the biggest obstacle to cooking for most people. You must adjust your priorities to find time to cook. For instance, you can move a TV to the kitchen and watch your favorite shows while you're standing at the sink. No one is asking you to give up activities you like, but if you're watching food shows on TV, try cooking instead.

我意识到，时间是大多数人做饭的最大障碍。你必须调整优先级来腾出时间烹饪。例如，你可以把电视搬到厨房，一边站在水槽旁一边看你最喜欢的节目。没人要求你放弃喜欢的活动，但如果你在电视上看美食节目，不如试着自己动手做。