2020年09月四级第2套仔细阅读 Passage 1 原文翻译及答案解析

When is cleaning walls a crime? When you're doing it to create art, obviously. A number of street artists around the world have started expressing themselves through a practice known as reverse graffiti (涂鸦). They find dirty surfaces and paint them with images or messages using cleaning brushes or pressure hoses (高压水管). Either way, it's the same principle; the image is made by cleaning away the dirt. Each artist has their own individual style but all artists share a common aim; to draw attention to the pollution in our cities. The UK's Paul Curtis, better known as Moose, operates around Leeds and London and has been commissioned by a number of companies to make reverse graffiti advertisements.

清洁墙壁何时是犯罪？显然是当你为了创作艺术而这样做时。世界各地的许多街头艺术家已开始通过一种被称为反向涂鸦的实践来表达自我。他们找到脏污的表面，用清洁刷或高压水管绘制图像或信息。无论哪种方式，原理相同；图像是通过清洁污垢来制作的。每位艺术家都有自己独特的风格，但所有艺术家都有一个共同的目标：引起人们对城市污染的关注。英国的保罗·柯蒂斯，更广为人知的名字是Moose，在利兹和伦敦附近活动，并受多家公司委托制作反向涂鸦广告。

Brazilian artist, Alexandre Orion, turned one of Sao Paulo's transport tunnels into an amazing wall painting in 2006 by getting rid of the dirt. Made up of a series of white skulls (颅骨), the painting reminds drivers of the effect their pollution is having on the planet. "Every motorist sits in the comfort of their car, but they don't give any consideration to the price their comfort has for the environment and consequently for themselves," says Orion.

巴西艺术家亚历山大·奥里翁在2006年通过清除污垢，将圣保罗的一条交通隧道变成了一幅惊人的壁画。这幅画由一系列白色颅骨组成，提醒司机他们的污染对地球的影响。奥里翁说：“每位驾车者都坐在自己舒适的汽车里，但他们没有考虑到这种舒适对环境以及最终对他们自己的代价。”

The anti-pollution message of the reverse graffiti artists confuses city authorities since the main argument against graffiti is that it spoils the appearance of both types of property: public and private. This was what Leeds City Council said about Moose's work; "Leeds residents want to live in clean and attractive neighbourhoods. We view this kind of advertising as environmental damage and will take strong action against it." Moose was ordered to "clean up his act." How was he supposed to do this: by making all property he had cleaned dirty again?

反向涂鸦艺术家的反污染信息让城市当局感到困惑，因为反对涂鸦的主要论点是它破坏了公共和私人两类财产的外观。这就是利兹市议会对Moose作品的说法：“利兹居民希望住在干净且吸引人的社区。我们视此类广告为环境损害，并将采取强硬行动。”Moose被要求“清理他的行为”。他应该如何做到这一点：通过让他清理过的所有财产重新变脏？

As for the Brazilian artist's work, the authorities were annoyed but could find nothing to charge him with. They had no other option but to clean the tunnel-but only the parts Alexandre had already cleaned. The artist merely continued his campaign on the other side. The city officials then decided to take drastic action. They not only cleaned the whole tunnel but every tunnel in Sao Paulo.

至于巴西艺术家的作品，当局虽然恼火，但找不到任何理由指控他。他们别无选择，只能清洗隧道——但仅限于亚历山大已经清理过的部分。艺术家只是在另一侧继续他的活动。然后，城市官员决定采取严厉措施。他们不仅清洗了整条隧道，还清洗了圣保罗的每一条隧道。