2020年12月四级第1套仔细阅读 Passage 1 原文翻译及答案解析

Three children in every classroom have a diagnosable mental health condition. Half of these are behavioural disorders, while one third are emotional disorders such as stress, anxiety and depression, which often become outwardly apparent through self-harm. There was an astonishing 52 per cent jump in hospital admissions for children and young people who had harmed themselves between 2009 and 2015.

每个教室里有三个孩子有可诊断的心理健康状况。其中一半是行为障碍，而三分之一是情绪障碍，如压力、焦虑和抑郁，这些往往通过自残而外在表现出来。2009年至2015年间，因自残而入院的儿童和青少年人数惊人地增长了52%。

Schools and teachers have consistently reported the scale of the problem since 2009. Last year, over half of teachers reported that more of their pupils experience mental health problems than in the past. But teachers also consistently report how ill-equipped they feel to meet pupils' mental health needs, and often cite a lack of training, expertise and support from the National Health Service (英国国家医疗服务体系).

自2009年以来，学校和老师持续报告问题的规模。去年，超过一半的老师报告说，他们的学生中经历心理健康问题的人比过去更多。但老师们也持续报告他们感到多么缺乏能力来满足学生的心理健康需求，并经常提到缺乏培训、专业知识和来自英国国家医疗服务体系的支持。

Part of the reason for the increased pressure on schools is that there are now fewer 'early intervention (干预)' and low-level mental health services based in the community. Cuts to local authority budgets since 2010 have resulted in a significant decline of these services, despite strong evidence of their effectiveness in preventing crises further down the line.

学校压力增加的部分原因是，现在社区中基于“早期干预”和低水平的心理健康服务减少了。自2010年以来地方政府预算的削减导致这些服务显著下降，尽管有强有力的证据表明它们在预防未来危机方面很有效。

The only way to break the pressures on both mental health services and schools is to reinvest in early intervention services inside schools.

打破心理健康服务和学校压力的唯一途径是在学校内部重新投资早期干预服务。

There are strong arguments for why schools are best placed to provide mental health services. Schools see young people more than any other service, which gives them a unique ability to get to hard-to-reach children and young people and build meaningful relationships with them over time. Recent studies have shown that children and young people largely prefer to see a counsellor in school rather than in an outside environment. Young people have reported that for low-level conditions such as stress and anxiety, a clinical setting can sometimes be daunting (令人却步的).

有强有力的理由说明为什么学校最适合提供心理健康服务。学校比任何其他服务都更多地接触到年轻人，这使它们有独特的能力接触难以触及的儿童和年轻人，并随着时间的推移与他们建立有意义的关系。最近的研究表明，儿童和年轻人大多更喜欢在学校而不是在外部环境中见咨询师。年轻人报告说，对于低水平的状况，如压力和焦虑，临床环境有时可能令人却步。

There are already examples of innovative schools which combine mental health and wellbeing provision with a strong academic curriculum. This will, though, require a huge cultural shift. Politicians, policymakers, commissioners and school leaders must be brave enough to make the leap towards reimagining schools as providers of health as well as education services.

已经有创新学校的例子，它们将心理健康和福祉提供与强大的学术课程结合起来。然而，这将需要巨大的文化转变。政治家、政策制定者、专员和学校领导必须足够勇敢，以实现将学校重新想象为健康和教育服务提供者的飞跃。