2021年06月四级第1套仔细阅读 Passage 1 原文翻译及答案解析

Educators and business leaders have more in common than it may seem. Teachers want to prepare students for a successful future. Technology companies have an interest in developing a workforce with the STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) skills needed to grow the company and advance the industry. How can they work together to achieve these goals? Play may be the answer.

教育工作者和商界领袖的共同点比表面看起来更多。教师希望为学生未来的成功做好准备。科技公司有兴趣培养具备STEM（科学、技术、工程和数学）技能的员工，以促进公司发展和推动行业进步。他们如何合作实现这些目标？玩耍可能是答案。

Focusing on STEM skills is important, but the reality is that SIBM skills are enhanced and more relevant when combined with traditional, hands-on creative activities. This combination is proving to be the best way to prepare today's children to be the makers and builders of tomorrow. That is why technology companies are partnering with educators to bring back good, old-fashioned play.

专注于STEM技能很重要，但现实是，SIBM技能与传统的动手创造活动相结合时，会得到增强且更为相关。这种结合正成为培养今天儿童成为未来制造者和建设者的最佳方式。这就是为什么科技公司正在与教育工作者合作，以带回良好的、老式的玩耍。

In fact many experts argue that the most important 21st-century skills aren't related to specific technologies or subject matter, but to creativity; skills like imagination, problem-finding and problem solving, teamwork, optimism, patience and the ability to experiment and take risks. These are skills acquired when kids tinker (鼓捣小玩意). High-tech industries such as NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory have found that their best overall problem solvers were master tinkerers in their youth.

事实上，许多专家认为，最重要的21世纪技能并非与特定技术或学科相关，而是与创造力相关；这些技能包括想象力、发现问题和解决问题的能力、团队合作、乐观、耐心以及实验和冒险的能力。这些技能是当孩子们鼓捣小玩意时获得的。高科技行业如NASA喷气推进实验室发现，他们最优秀的全面问题解决者在年轻时都是鼓捣小玩意的大师。

There are cognitive (认识的) benefits of doing things the way we did as children-building something, tearing it down, then building it up again. Research shows that given 15 minutes of free play, four- and five-year-olds will spend a third of this time engaged in spatial, mathematical, and architectural activities. This type of play-especially with building blocks-helps children discover and develop key principles in math and geometry.

按照我们小时候的方式做事——建造某物，拆毁它，然后再重建——有认知上的益处。研究表明，给定15分钟的自由玩耍时间，四岁和五岁儿童会花三分之一的时间从事空间、数学和建筑活动。这种类型的玩耍——尤其是玩积木——帮助儿童发现和发展数学和几何的关键原理。

If play and building are critical to 21st-century skill development, that's really good news for two reasons: Children are born builders, makers, and creators, so fostering (培养) 21st-century skills may be as simple as giving kids room to play, tinker and try things out, even as they grow older. Secondly, it doesn't take 21st-century technology to foster 21st-century skills. This is especially important for under-resourced schools and communities. Taking whatever materials are handy and tinkering with them is a simple way to engage those important "maker" skills. And anyone, anywhere, can do it.

如果玩耍和建造对21世纪技能发展至关重要，那么这真是个好消息，原因有二：儿童天生就是建造者、制造者和创造者，因此培养（培养）21世纪技能可能就像给孩子们玩耍、鼓捣和尝试事物的空间一样简单，即使他们长大了也是如此。其次，培养21世纪技能并不需要21世纪的技术。这对资源不足的学校和社区尤其重要。利用手头的任何材料进行鼓捣，是参与这些重要“制造者”技能的简单方式。而且，任何人，在任何地方，都可以做到。