2023年12月四级第1套听力原文及答案解析

News Report 1.

新闻报道 1。

Have you noticed how similar you are to your friends?

你注意到你和你的朋友有多相似了吗？

It may be because your brains operate in harmony with each other.

这可能是因为你们的大脑彼此和谐运作。

We know that friends are more likely to be the same age, gender, and ethnic background as each other.

我们知道朋友更可能年龄相同、性别相同、民族背景相同。

Now it seems their brains are alike too.

现在看来，他们的大脑也相似。

Researchers at the University of California scanned the brains of 42 classmates while they watched videos intended to provoke varying responses.

加利福尼亚大学的研究人员扫描了 42 名同学的大脑，同时让他们观看旨在引发不同反应的视频。

Some people might find a romantic scene touching, for instance, while others would feel it was embarrassing.

例如，一些人可能觉得浪漫场景感人，而其他人可能觉得尴尬。

The activity of friends' brains was more similar than that of people who didn't know each other, particularly in regions involved in attention, emotion, and language.

朋友大脑的活动比互不相识的人更相似，尤其是在涉及注意力、情感和语言的区域。

This similarity was strong enough that it could be used to predict whether two people were already friends or not.

这种相似性足够强，可以用来预测两个人是否已经是朋友。

The relationship probably goes two ways.

这种关系可能是双向的。

We are drawn to people who think like us.

我们被与我们想法相似的人所吸引。

We then influence their thoughts over time, which may push their brain activity into more closely resembling our own.

然后，随着时间的推移，我们影响他们的想法，这可能使他们的大脑活动更接近于我们自己。

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

问题 1 和问题 2 基于你刚刚听到的新闻报道。

Question 1. What may be the reason that friends are similar to each other, according to the recent research?

问题 1. 根据最近的研究，朋友相似的原因可能是什么？

Question 2. What does the news report say about the relationship between friends?

问题 2. 新闻报道关于朋友之间的关系说了什么？

News report 2.

新闻报道二。

Two men who have been best friends for 60 years have just realized they are actually brothers.

两位成为挚友60年的男子刚刚发现他们其实是兄弟。

It's reported that Alan Robinson and Walter McDonald met in the 6th grade at a school in Hawaii.

据报道，艾伦·罗宾逊和沃尔特·麦克唐纳在夏威夷一所学校上六年级时相识。

They have been best friends ever since.

自那以后，他们一直是最好的朋友。

Alan was given away for adoption soon after he was born, and Walter never knew his father.

艾伦出生后不久就被送人收养，而沃尔特从未见过他的父亲。

So recently, they made separate attempts on DNA matching websites to discover more about their ancestry.

因此，最近他们分别在DNA匹配网站上尝试，以更多地了解他们的祖先。

Walter was astonished to find that he matched with website user Robbie737.

沃尔特惊讶地发现他与网站用户Robbie737匹配。

He knew immediately that this was his best friend Alan, whose friends call him Robbie, and flew 737 airplanes when he was a pilot.

他立刻知道这是他的挚友艾伦，朋友们叫他罗比，他当飞行员时驾驶737飞机。

The pair were born to the same mother 15 months apart.

这对兄弟由同一位母亲所生，相隔15个月。

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

问题3和4基于你刚刚听到的新闻报道。

Question 3. What did both Alan Robinson and Walter McDonald attempt to do on DNA matching websites?

问题3. 艾伦·罗宾逊和沃尔特·麦克唐纳在DNA匹配网站上尝试做什么？

Question 4. What did the news report say about Alan Robinson and Walter McDonald?

问题4. 新闻报道对艾伦·罗宾逊和沃尔特·麦克唐纳说了什么？

News report 3.

新闻报道3。

Amid all the election drama, air pollution problems and disease outbreaks, five tourists' good work is being spread online.

在所有的选举风波、空气污染问题和疾病爆发中，五名游客的善行正在网上传播。

Yesterday, two male and three female tourists were spotted walking the kilometer-long beach picking up trash.

昨天，两名男性和三名女性游客被发现在一公里长的海滩上散步并捡拾垃圾。

One of the male tourists from Australia commented that although there was a lot of trash, nobody was doing anything.

其中一名来自澳大利亚的男性游客评论说，尽管有很多垃圾，但没有人采取行动。

The beach was not as nice or beautiful as it should be.

这个海滩不如它应有的那么漂亮或美丽。

He felt so sad to see such a gorgeous place littered with so much trash.

看到如此美丽的地方被如此多的垃圾污染，他感到非常悲伤。

Thus, he and his friends decided to grab a few trash bags and clean it all up.

因此，他和朋友们决定拿几个垃圾袋把所有垃圾清理干净。

A man passing by decided to video their good deed and put it on the internet.

一个路过的人决定录制他们的善行并发布到互联网上。

It was unclear where the rest of the group was from, but they were most likely travelling together.

不清楚小组的其余成员来自哪里，但他们很可能是一起旅行的。

One local woman commented on being embarrassed that tourists were cleaning up their beach.

一名当地女性评论说，看到游客在清理她们的海滩，她感到尴尬。

Another mentioned that it was actually the natives who brought food and drinks, then left trash all along the island.

另一个人提到，实际上是当地人带来了食物和饮料，然后在岛上到处留下垃圾。

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

问题5到7基于你刚刚听到的新闻报道。

Question 5. Why did one of the male tourists feel sad?

问题5。为什么其中一名男性游客感到悲伤？

Question 6. Who put the good deed video on the internet?

问题6。谁把善行视频发布到了互联网上？

Question 7. Why did one local woman say she was embarrassed?

问题7。为什么一名当地女性说她感到尴尬？

Conversation 1.

第一段对话。

F: Hello, Benjamin.

你好，本杰明。

F: Dan and I will be going for a run along the canal Saturday morning.

丹和我星期六早上会沿着运河跑步。

F: Would you like to join us?

你想加入我们吗？

M: I'd love to, but I hurt my ankle last weekend playing football with work colleagues.

我很想去，但上周末我和同事踢足球时伤了脚踝。

F: Oh dear.

哦，天哪。

F: Is it serious?

严重吗？

M: No, not at all.

不，一点也不严重。

M: I landed badly during a fall and twisted it a little.

我摔倒时着地不好，脚踝稍微扭了一下。

M: But it's no big deal.

但这不是什么大事。

M: It's just a little swollen and I should be fine for next Saturday if you still want to go for a jog then.

只是有点肿，如果下周六你还想慢跑的话，我应该没事。

F: I won't be here next Saturday.

下周六我不在这儿。

F: I'm going to the zoo.

我要去动物园。

M: The zoo?

动物园？

F: Yeah, my little nephew turned six and he loves the zoo, so the whole family is going.

是的，我的小侄子六岁了，他喜欢动物园，所以全家都要去。

M: Oh, OK then.

哦，好吧。

M: I haven't been to a zoo since I was a kid.

我小时候去过动物园，之后就没去过了。

M: They are nowhere near as popular as they used to be when we were children.

它们远不如我们小时候那么受欢迎了。

M: I personally feel sorry for the poor animals stuck in cages, but there's no denying they are fun and educational for children.

我个人为笼中受困的动物感到难过，但不可否认它们对孩子们来说既有趣又有教育意义。

M: Do you know if Dan will be around next Saturday?

你知道丹下周六会在吗？

F: Yeah, I think he will.

是的，我想他会。

F: Just send him a text message.

给他发条短信就行。

F: He's always keen on physical activities.

他总是热衷于体育活动。

M: That's true.

确实如此。

M: Dan is extremely fit and healthy.

丹非常健康。

M: He goes to the gym most days, plus tennis two or three times a week.

他大多数日子都去健身房，每周还打两三次网球。

F: So, what have you been doing to stay busy while you've had that swollen ankle?

那么，脚踝肿的时候，你都在做什么来打发时间？

M: I've been catching up on some reading.

我一直在补读一些书。

M: I was given three books over Christmas and I'm only now getting round to reading them.

圣诞节时我收到了三本书，直到现在才开始读。

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

第8至11题基于你刚刚听到的对话。

Question 8. Why can't the man go for a run Saturday morning?

问题8。为什么男子星期六早上不能去跑步？

Question 9. Why is the woman's whole family going to the zoo next Saturday?

问题9。为什么女子全家下周六要去动物园？

Question 10. What do we learn about Dan from the man's description?

问题10。从男子的描述中，我们了解到丹的什么情况？

Question 11. What has the man been doing since last weekend?

问题11。男子从上周末以来一直在做什么？

Conversation 2.

对话2。

F: Our guest on today's Book Talk is John Black, the author of the new bestseller, Retire Early.

今天《图书访谈》的嘉宾是约翰·布莱克，他是新畅销书《提前退休》的作者。

M: Thanks for having me on the show, Lisa.

感谢邀请我参加节目，丽莎。

F: John, your book is getting a lot of attention, partly because you write that most people can retire by 40.

约翰，你的书引起了很多关注，部分原因是你在书中写道大多数人可以在40岁退休。

F: Is that realistic?

这现实吗？

M: Definitely.

当然。

M: When researching this book, I interviewed hundreds of people who retired by 40.

在研究这本书时，我采访了数百位在40岁退休的人。

F: OK, but how much money does a person need to retire?

好吧，但一个人需要多少钱才能退休？

F: I've read articles recommending $1 million as a good figure for retirement.

我读过一些文章，推荐100万美元作为退休的合理金额。

M: While most financial planners do give numbers, I don't think that's useful, as people are living in different areas with different costs of living and have different needs and wants, which is why I suggest that people aim for financial independence.

虽然大多数理财规划师确实会给出具体数字，但我认为这没有用，因为人们生活在不同地区，生活成本不同，需求和愿望也不同，这就是为什么我建议人们追求财务独立。

F: What do you mean by financial independence?

你说的财务独立是什么意思？

M: Having investment income that's greater than monthly expenses.

拥有超过月支出的投资收入。

F: That sounds risky to me.

这听起来对我来说有风险。

F: What if an accident happens, or you get ill and need medical treatment?

如果发生事故，或者你生病需要医疗怎么办？

F: Shouldn't people have extra cash for emergencies?

人们不应该为紧急情况准备额外现金吗？

M: Too many people spend their lives working on jobs they hate because they're afraid, so I counsel people to take risks.

太多人因为害怕而一辈子做着自己讨厌的工作，所以我建议人们冒险。

M: Retirement doesn't have to be permanent, and if people need to, they can go back to work.

退休不一定是永久的，如果人们需要，他们可以重新工作。

F: But it's not always easy to get back into the workforce after an extended absence.

但长期离开后重返职场并不总是容易的。

M: True, but if you keep current with your skills, you will be attractive to employers.

确实，但如果你保持技能更新，你将对雇主有吸引力。

F: Maybe, but how can anyone save enough to retire by 40 when most people can't retire at 60?

也许，但当大多数人无法在60岁退休时，任何人如何能在40岁存够钱退休？

M: Simple.

很简单。

M: By cutting housing, food and transport expenses and investing half your monthly income.

通过削减住房、食物和交通费用，并投资月收入的一半。

F: That sounds impossible.

那听起来不可能。

M: I admit it's difficult, but it has worked for thousands.

我承认这很难，但它对成千上万人有效。

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

问题12到15基于你刚才听到的对话。

Question 12. What do we learn about the man's book published recently?

问题12. 关于这位男士最近出版的书，我们了解到什么？

Question 13. What do the articles the woman read recommend?

问题13. 这位女士读过的文章推荐了什么？

Question 14. What does the man say about retirement?

问题14. 这位男士对退休说了什么？

Question 15. How does the man say his proposal about retirement can be carried out?

问题15. 这位男士说他的退休建议如何可以实施？

Passage 1.

文章一。

As opposed to an observer from their own race.

与来自他们自己种族的观察者相比。

The same was true when they were with someone from a different university compared to someone from their own.

当与来自另一所大学的人相比时，情况也是如此。

Researchers say this was because participants anticipated more negative judgement from an outsider group.

研究人员表示，这是因为参与者预期来自外部群体的负面评价更多。

In contrast, they felt less judged by members of their own group.

相比之下，他们觉得自己群体成员的评价较少。

In one experiment, participants were offered the choice between candy and fruit as a snack.

在一个实验中，参与者被提供了在糖果和水果之间选择零食的选项。

When in the presence of an unknown student from their own university, only 12% of students selected the healthier option.

当与来自同一所大学的未知学生在一起时，只有12%的学生选择了更健康的选择。

However, this number was 31% when in the presence of an unknown student from another university.

然而，当与来自另一所大学的未知学生在一起时，这个数字是31%。

Other experiments showed similar results based on racial group.

其他实验基于种族群体显示了类似的结果。

What's the reason for this pattern?

这种模式的原因是什么？

The study found that people feel judged to a larger extent by members of other groups.

研究发现，人们感觉被其他群体成员评价的程度更大。

Because of this, they strategically use healthy food choices to make a positive impression.

因此，他们策略性地使用健康食物选择来留下积极印象。

There have been many attempts to help consumers make healthier choices, but consumers often struggle to maintain a healthy diet.

有许多尝试帮助消费者做出更健康的选择，但消费者往往难以维持健康饮食。

This research finds that one way to promote a healthy diet could be to advertise the social benefits of healthy choices.

这项研究发现，促进健康饮食的一种方式可以是宣传健康选择的社会益处。

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题16至18基于你刚刚听到的文章。

Question 16. What was the finding of the new research from America about consumers' food choices?

问题16。来自美国的新研究关于消费者食物选择的发现是什么？

Question 17. When did 31% of students in the experiment select the healthier option?

问题17。在实验中，31%的学生何时选择了更健康的选择？

Question 18. How could a healthy diet be promoted according to the findings of the new research?

问题18。根据新研究的发现，如何促进健康饮食？

Passage 2.

文章2。

For college students under pressure, a dog may be the best stress fighter around according to the finding of a recent study.

根据一项最新研究的发现，对于压力下的大学生来说，狗可能是最好的减压伙伴。

It's a really powerful finding, said Patricia Pendry, who led the study.

主持该研究的Patricia Pendry表示，这是一个非常有力的发现。

Universities are doing a lot of great work trying to help students succeed academically, especially those who may be at risk due to a history of mental health issues or academic and learning issues.

大学正在做大量优秀的工作，试图帮助学生在学术上取得成功，尤其是那些由于心理健康问题或学术和学习问题历史而面临风险的学生。

This study shows that traditional stress management approaches aren't as effective for this population compared with programs that focus on providing opportunities to interact with therapy dogs.

这项研究表明，对于这一群体，传统的压力管理方法不如那些专注于提供与治疗犬互动机会的项目有效。

The researchers measured executive functioning in the students involved in the study.

研究人员测量了参与研究的学生的执行功能。

Executive function is a term for the skills one needs to plan, organise, motivate, concentrate and memorise.

执行功能是指一个人规划、组织、激励、集中和记忆所需的技能。

These are skills students need to succeed in college.

这些是学生在大学成功所需技能。

The researchers found that students who were most at risk had the most improvements in executive functioning after interacting with therapy dogs.

研究人员发现，风险最高的学生在与治疗犬互动后，执行功能的改善最为显著。

These results remained when researchers followed up six weeks later.

当研究人员在六周后跟进时，这些结果依然成立。

Many universities provide academic stress management programs and workshops.

许多大学提供学业压力管理项目和工作坊。

These are traditionally very similar to college classes.

传统上，这些与大学课程非常相似。

They often talk about ways to get more sleep, set goals or manage stress or anxiety.

它们经常讨论如何获得更多睡眠、设定目标或管理压力或焦虑。

Pendry acknowledges that these are really important topics and these workshops help typical students succeed, but they're less helpful for struggling students.

Pendry承认这些主题确实很重要，这些工作坊帮助典型学生取得成功，但对于挣扎的学生来说帮助较小。

Pendry believes those students may experience the programs as another lecture and feel even more stressed.

Pendry认为，这些学生可能将这些项目视为另一场讲座，从而感到更加压力重重。

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题19至21基于你刚刚听到的文章。

Question 19. What does the recent study led by Patricia Pendry aim to examine?

问题19. 由Patricia Pendry领导的最新研究旨在考察什么？

Question 20. What did the new study measure in the participants?

问题20. 这项新研究测量了参与者的什么？

Question 21. What does Patricia Pendry think traditional stress management programs may do?

问题21. Patricia Pendry认为传统的压力管理项目可能会做什么？

Passage 3.

第三段。

Taking risks in business does not mean going into business blindly and then expecting great results.

在商业中承担风险并不意味着盲目地进入商业领域，然后期待巨大的成果。

On the contrary, taking risks in entrepreneurship involves careful planning and hard work.

相反，在创业中承担风险需要仔细的计划和努力的工作。

Nobody can really be sure if risks will be met with success, no matter how calculated they may be.

没有人能真正确定风险是否会带来成功，无论这些风险经过多么周密的计算。

But this should not stop you from taking risks, as risks are necessary if you want your business to succeed.

但这不应该阻止你承担风险，因为如果你想让你的企业成功，风险是必要的。

Some risks may not work out, but an optimistic risk taker will always look at failure as an opportunity to learn.

有些风险可能不会成功，但乐观的风险承担者总是将失败视为学习的机会。

The willingness to experiment with new ideas is key to business growth.

愿意尝试新想法是商业增长的关键。

As the old saying goes, nothing ventured, nothing gained.

正如古语所说，不入虎穴，焉得虎子。

Failure will teach you how to think and plan strategically.

失败会教你如何进行战略性的思考和计划。

But just remember that not all risks are good ones, and when you fail, learn from it and move forward.

但请记住，并非所有风险都是好的，当你失败时，从中学习并继续前进。

Since most people tend to avoid risk, businesses that are brave enough to take risks already have a competitive advantage.

由于大多数人倾向于规避风险，那些足够勇敢去承担风险的企业已经拥有了竞争优势。

They are the ones setting the standard with new ideas, fresh offers, and bold inventions.

他们是通过新想法、新优惠和大胆发明来设定标准的人。

Risk takers are best at adapting in difficult times.

风险承担者最擅长在困难时期适应。

Simply put, when most individuals stay away from risk, it means less competition for risk takers.

简而言之，当大多数人远离风险时，意味着风险承担者面临的竞争减少。

We don't know if you'll achieve what these risk takers have achieved, but for as long as you want to stay safe, and for as long as you are content with where your business is right now, you will never find out.

我们不知道你是否会取得这些风险承担者所取得的成就，但只要你想要安全，只要你满足于你企业目前的状况，你就永远不会发现。

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题22至25基于你刚刚听到的段落。

Question 22. What do entrepreneurs have to do when taking risks according to the passage?

问题22. 根据段落，创业者在承担风险时必须做什么？

Question 23. What does the passage say is key to business growth?

问题23. 段落中说什么是商业增长的关键？

Question 24. What are we advised to do when we fail?

问题24. 当我们失败时，我们被建议做什么？

Question 25. What does it mean to risk-taking businesses when most people tend to avoid risk? That's the end of Listening Comprehension.

问题25. 当大多数人倾向于规避风险时，这对风险承担企业意味着什么？听力理解到此结束。