2017年06月六级第1套听力原文及答案解析

Conversation 1.

对话1。

M: Welcome to Workplace!

欢迎收听《职场》节目！

M: And in today's program, we're looking at the results of two recently published surveys, which both deal with the same topic, happiness at work.

在今天的节目中，我们将关注最近发布的两项调查的结果，这两项调查都涉及同一个主题：工作中的幸福感。

M: John, tell us about the first survey.

约翰，给我们讲讲第一项调查吧。

F: Well, this was done by a human resources consultancy who interviewed more than 1,000 workers and established a top 10 of the factors which make people happy at work.

嗯，这项调查是由一家人力资源咨询公司完成的，他们采访了一千多名员工，并列出了让人们在工作中感到幸福的十大因素。

F: The most important factor for the majority of the people interviewed was having friendly, supportive colleagues.

对大多数受访者来说，最重要的因素是拥有友好、给予支持的同事。

F: In fact, 73% of people interviewed put their relationship with colleagues as the key factor contributing to happiness at work, which is a very high percentage.

事实上，73%的受访者把与同事的关系列为影响工作幸福感的关键因素，这是一个非常高的比例。

F: The second most important factor was having work that is enjoyable.

第二重要的因素是拥有令人愉快的工作。

F: The two least important factors were having one's achievements recognised and, rather surprisingly, earning a competitive salary.

最不重要的两个因素是个人成就得到认可，以及——相当令人意外地——获得有竞争力的薪水。

M: So, we're not mainly motivated by money?

这么说，我们的主要动力并不是金钱？

F: Apparently not.

显然不是。

M: Any other interesting information in the survey?

调查里还有其他有趣的信息吗？

F: Yes. For example, 25% of the working people interviewed described themselves as very happy at work.

有的。比如，25%的受访在职人员形容自己在工作中非常幸福。

F: However, 20% of employees described themselves as being unhappy.

然而，20%的员工形容自己并不幸福。

M: That's quite a lot of unhappy people at work every day.

那每天在工作中不开心的人可真不少。

F: It is, isn't it?

是啊，确实如此，不是吗？

F: And there were several more interesting conclusions revealed by the survey.

这项调查还揭示了几个更有趣的结论。

F: First of all, small is beautiful.

首先，小即是美。

F: People definitely prefer working for smaller organisations or companies with less than 100 staff.

人们明显更喜欢在规模较小的机构或员工少于100人的公司工作。

F: We also find out that, generally speaking, women were happier in their work than men.

我们还发现，总体而言，女性在工作中比男性更幸福。

F: Yes, we are, aren't we?

是的，我们是更幸福，不是吗？

F: And workers on part-time contracts, who only work 4 or 5 hours a day, are happier than those who work full-time.

而且，签订兼职合同、每天只工作四五个小时的员工，比全职工作的员工更幸福。

F: The researchers concluded that this is probably due to a better work-life balance.

研究人员得出结论，这很可能是因为工作与生活之间取得了更好的平衡。

M: Are bosses happier than their employees?

老板们比他们的员工更幸福吗？

F: Yes, perhaps not surprisingly.

是的，也许不足为奇。

F: The higher people go in a company, the happier they are.

人们在公司里职位越高，就越幸福。

F: So senior managers enjoy their jobs more than people working under them.

所以高级管理人员比他们手下的员工更享受自己的工作。

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

问题1到4基于你刚刚听到的对话。

Question 1. What is the number one factor that made employees happy according to the survey?

问题1. 根据这项调查，让员工感到幸福的头号因素是什么？

Question 2. What is the percentage of the people surveyed who felt unhappy at work?

问题2. 受访者中在工作中感到不幸福的人所占的比例是多少？

Question 3. What kind of companies are popular with employees?

问题3. 什么样的公司受到员工的欢迎？

Question 4. What is the possible reason for people on part-time contracts to be happier?

问题4. 签订兼职合同的人更幸福的可能原因是什么？

Conversation 2.

对话2。

F: Mr. DeKaiser, I'm a great lover of your book, Moments Before the Flood. Can you tell us how you first became interested in this subject matter?

DeKaiser先生，我非常喜欢您的书《洪水来临前的瞬间》。能跟我们说说您最初是怎么对这个主题产生兴趣的吗？

M: In 2006, when the concert hall of the city of Bruges asked me to take some pictures for a catalogue for a new concert season around the theme of water, I found myself working along the Belgian coastline.

2006年，布鲁日市音乐厅请我为以水为主题的新音乐季的宣传册拍一些照片，于是我开始在比利时海岸线一带工作。

M: As there had been numerous alarming articles in the press about a climate catastrophe waiting to happen, I started looking at the sea and the beach very differently, a place where I spent so many perfect days as a child.

由于当时媒体上有大量关于气候灾难即将到来的警示性文章，我开始以一种非常不同的眼光看待大海和海滩——那是我童年时度过无数美好时光的地方。

M: This fear of a looming danger became the subject of a large-scale photo project.

这种对迫近危险的恐惧，成了一个大规模摄影项目的主题。

M: It is clear now that it's a matter of time before the entire European coastline disappears under the water.

如今很明显，整条欧洲海岸线被海水淹没只是时间问题。

M: The same goes for numerous big cities around the world.

世界上许多大城市也是如此。

M: My idea was to photograph this beautiful and very unique coastline, rich in history, before it's too late. As a last witness.

我的想法是趁还不算太晚，把这条美丽而独特、历史悠久的海岸线拍下来，作为最后的见证者。

F: Can you talk a bit about how history plays a role in this project?

您能谈谈历史在这个项目中扮演的角色吗？

M: Sure, the project is also about the history of Europe looking at the sea and wondering when the next enemy would appear.

当然，这个项目也讲述了欧洲望向大海、揣测下一个敌人何时出现的历史。

M: In the images, you see all kinds of possible defense constructions to hold back the Romans, Germans, Vikings, and now nature as enemy number one.

在这些照片里，你能看到各种各样用来抵御罗马人、日耳曼人、维京人的防御工事，而现在头号敌人则是大自然。

M: For example, there is the image of the bridge into the sea, taken at the Normandy D-Day landing site.

比如，有一张通向大海的桥的照片，是在诺曼底登陆日的登陆点拍的。

M: Also Venice, the city eternally threatened by the sea, where every morning wooden pathways have to be set up to allow tourists to reach their hotels.

还有威尼斯——这座永远受海水威胁的城市，每天早上都要架起木板路，好让游客能走到他们的酒店。

F: Thank you Mr. DeKaiser. It was a pleasure to have you with us today.

谢谢您，DeKaiser先生。今天很高兴能请到您。

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

问题5到8基于你刚刚听到的对话。

Question 5. What does the man say about the book Moments Before the Flood?

问题5. 关于《洪水来临前的瞬间》这本书，男士说了什么？

Question 6. When did the man get his idea for the work?

问题6. 男士是什么时候产生这个创作想法的？

Question 7. What will happen when the climate catastrophe occurs?

问题7. 当气候灾难发生时会出现什么情况？

Question 8. What does the man say about Venice?

问题8. 关于威尼斯，男士说了什么？

Passage 1.

短文1。

When facing a new situation, some people tend to rehearse their defeat by spending too much time anticipating the worst.

面对新情况时，有些人往往会花太多时间预想最糟的结果，从而提前演练自己的失败。

I remember talking with a young lawyer who was about to begin her first jury trial.

我记得曾和一位即将开始第一次陪审团庭审的年轻律师交谈过。

She was very nervous.

她非常紧张。

I asked what impression she wanted to make on the jury.

我问她想给陪审团留下什么样的印象。

She replied, I don't want to look too inexperienced.

她回答说，我不想显得太没经验。

I don't want them to suspect this is my first trial.

我不想让他们怀疑这是我的第一次庭审。

This lawyer had fallen victim to the don'ts syndrome, a form of negative goal setting.

这位律师陷入了"不要"综合征，这是一种消极的目标设定方式。

The don'ts can be self-fulfilling because your mind responds to pictures.

"不要"反而可能成真，因为你的大脑会对画面作出反应。

Research conducted at Stanford University shows a mental image fires the nervous system the same way as actually doing something.

斯坦福大学的研究表明，一个心理图像激发神经系统的方式，与实际去做某件事是一样的。

That means when a golfer tells himself, don't hit the ball into the water.

这意味着，当一名高尔夫球手告诉自己"别把球打进水里"时。

His mind sees the image of the ball flying into the water.

他的大脑里浮现的就是球飞进水里的画面。

So guess where the ball will go.

那么猜猜球会落到哪里。

Consequently, before going into any stressful situation, focus only on what you want to have happen.

因此，在进入任何有压力的情境之前，只专注于你希望发生的事。

I asked the lawyer again how she wanted to appear at her first trial and this time she said, I want to look professional and self-assured.

我再次问那位律师，她希望自己在第一次庭审中表现成什么样，这一次她说，我想显得专业而自信。

I told her to create a picture of what self-assured would look like.

我让她在脑海中描绘出自信会是什么样子。

To her, it meant moving confidently around the courtroom, using convincing body language and projecting her voice so it could be heard from the judge's bench to the back door.

对她而言，那意味着在法庭上自信地走动，运用有说服力的肢体语言，并把声音传送到从法官席到后门都能听见的程度。

She also imagined a skilful closing argument and a winning trial.

她还想象了一段娴熟的结案陈词以及一场胜诉的庭审。

A few weeks after this positive dress rehearsal, the young lawyer did win.

在这次积极的彩排几周之后，这位年轻律师真的赢了。

Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题9到12基于你刚刚听到的短文。

Question 9. What do some people do when they face a new situation?

问题9. 当人们面对新情况时，有些人会做什么？

Question 10. What does the research conducted at Stanford University show?

问题10. 斯坦福大学开展的研究表明了什么？

Question 11. What advice does the speaker give to people in a stressful situation?

问题11. 说话者给处于压力情境中的人什么建议？

Question 12. What do we learn about the lawyer in the court?

问题12. 关于这位律师在法庭上的表现，我们了解到什么？

Passage 2.

短文2。

Most Americans don't eat enough fruits, vegetables or whole grains.

大多数美国人吃的水果、蔬菜或全谷物都不够。

Research now says adding fiber to the teen diet may help lower the risk of breast cancer.

现在有研究表明，在青少年饮食中增加纤维可能有助于降低患乳腺癌的风险。

Conversations about the benefits of fiber are probably more common in nursing homes than high schools.

关于纤维益处的谈话，可能在养老院里比在中学里更常见。

But along comes a new study that could change that.

但一项新研究的出现可能会改变这一点。

Christie King, a diet specialist at Texas Children's Hospital, finds it hard to get teenage patients' attention about healthy eating.

得克萨斯儿童医院的饮食专家克里斯蒂·金发现，很难让青少年患者关注健康饮食。

But telling them that eating lots of high fiber foods could reduce the risk of breast cancer before middle age, that's a powerful message.

但告诉他们多吃高纤维食物可以降低中年之前患乳腺癌的风险，这是一条很有力的信息。

The new finding is based on a study of 44,000 women.

这一新发现基于一项对44000名女性的研究。

They were surveyed about their diets during high school, and their eating habits were tracked for two decades.

她们接受了关于高中时期饮食的调查，其饮食习惯被追踪了二十年。

It turns out that those who consumed the highest levels of fiber during adolescence had a lower risk of developing breast cancer compared to the women who ate the least fiber.

结果表明，与吃纤维最少的女性相比，青春期摄入纤维水平最高的女性患乳腺癌的风险更低。

This important study demonstrates that the more fiber you eat during your high school years, the lower your risk is in developing breast cancer in later life.

这项重要研究表明，你在高中时期吃的纤维越多，日后患乳腺癌的风险就越低。

The finding points to long-standing evidence that fiber may reduce circulating female hormone levels, which could explain the reduced risk.

这一发现印证了长期以来的证据，即纤维可能会降低循环中的女性激素水平，这或许可以解释风险的降低。

The bottom line here is the more fiber you eat, perhaps a lower level of hormone in your body, and therefore a lower lifetime risk of developing breast cancer.

归根结底，你吃的纤维越多，体内的激素水平可能就越低，因此一生中患乳腺癌的风险也就越低。

High fiber diets are also linked to a reduced risk of heart disease and diabetes.

高纤维饮食还与降低患心脏病和糖尿病的风险有关。

That's why women are told to eat 25 grams of fiber a day, men even more.

这就是为什么女性被建议每天吃25克纤维，而男性则要吃得更多。

Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题13到15基于你刚刚听到的短文。

Question 13. What does the new study tell about adding fiber to the teen diet?

问题13. 这项新研究说明了在青少年饮食中增加纤维的什么情况？

Question 14. What do we learn about the survey of the 44,000 women?

问题14. 关于对这44000名女性的调查，我们了解到什么？

Question 15. What explanation does the speaker offer for the research finding?

问题15. 说话者为这一研究发现提供了什么解释？

Recording 1.

录音1。

Well, my current research is really about consumer behaviour, so recently I've looked at young people's drinking and it's obviously a major concern to government at the moment.

嗯，我目前的研究主要是关于消费者行为的，所以最近我研究了年轻人的饮酒问题，这显然是当前政府非常关注的一个主要问题。

I've also looked at how older people are represented in the media.

我还研究了老年人在媒体中是如何被呈现的。

Again, it's of major current interest with older people becoming a much larger proportion of UK and indeed world society.

同样，随着老年人在英国乃至整个世界社会中所占的比例越来越大，这也是当前一个备受关注的话题。

I'm also interested in how consumers operate online and how that online behaviour might be different from how they operate offline when they go to the shops.

我还对消费者如何在网上活动感兴趣，以及这种线上行为与他们去实体店购物时的线下行为可能有何不同。

Well, I think that the important thing here is to actually understand what's happening from the consumer's perspective.

嗯，我认为这里重要的是真正从消费者的角度去理解正在发生的事情。

One of the things that businesses and indeed government organisations often fail to do is to really see what is happening from the consumer's perspective.

企业乃至政府机构常常做不到的一件事，就是真正从消费者的角度去看待正在发生的事情。

For example, in the case of young people's drinking, one of the things that I've identified is that drinking for people say between the ages of 18 and 24 is all about the social activity.

例如，就年轻人饮酒而言，我发现的一点是，对于大约18到24岁的人来说，饮酒完全是一种社交活动。

A lot of the government advertising has been about individual responsibility but actually understanding that drinking is very much about the social activity and finding ways to help young people get home safely and not end up in hospital is one of the things that we've tried to present there.

很多政府的宣传都是关于个人责任的，但真正理解到饮酒在很大程度上是一种社交活动，并找到办法帮助年轻人安全回家、不至于进医院，这是我们试图在那里呈现的内容之一。

The key thing about consumer behaviour is that it's very much about how consumers change.

关于消费者行为，关键在于消费者是如何变化的。

Markets always change faster than marketing, so we have to look at what consumers are doing.

市场的变化总是快于营销，所以我们必须关注消费者正在做什么。

Currently I teach consumer behaviour to undergraduates in their second year and we look at all kinds of things in consumer behaviour and particularly how consumers are presented in advertising.

目前我给二年级的本科生讲授消费者行为学，我们研究消费者行为的方方面面，特别是消费者在广告中是如何被呈现的。

So they get involved by looking at advertising and really critically assessing the consumer behaviour aspects of it and getting involved sometimes doing primary research.

因此他们通过研究广告、批判性地评估其中涉及消费者行为的方面来参与，有时还会参与做一手研究。

For example, last year my students spent a week looking at their own purchasing and analysed it in detail from shopping to the relationship that they have with their retail banks and their mobile phone providers.

例如，去年我的学生花了一周时间研究他们自己的消费行为，并对其进行了详细分析，从购物到他们与零售银行以及手机运营商之间的关系。

I think they found it very useful and it also helped them identify just what kind of budgets they had too.

我认为他们觉得这非常有用，这也帮助他们弄清楚了自己究竟有怎样的预算。

The fact of the matter is that there's a whole range of interesting research out there and I think as the years go on there's going to be much more for us to consider and certainly much more for students to become involved in.

事实是，外面有各种各样有趣的研究，我认为随着时间的推移，将会有更多东西值得我们去思考，当然也会有更多东西值得学生去参与。

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.

问题16到18基于你刚刚听到的录音。

Question 16. What is the speaker currently doing?

问题16. 说话者目前在做什么？

Question 17. What has the speaker found about young people's drinking?

问题17. 关于年轻人饮酒，说话者发现了什么？

Question 18. What does the speaker say that his students did last year?

问题18. 说话者说他的学生去年做了什么？

Recording 2.

录音2。

Sweden was the first European country to print and use paper money.

瑞典是欧洲第一个印制和使用纸币的国家。

But it may soon do away with physical currencies.

但它可能很快就会废除实体货币。

Banks can save a lot of money and avoid regulatory headaches by moving to a cash-free system.

银行通过转向无现金系统可以省下大量资金，并避免监管上的麻烦。

And they can also avoid bank robberies, theft and dirty money.

而且他们还能避免银行抢劫、盗窃和黑钱。

Claire Barrett, the editor of Financial Times Money, says the western world is headed toward a world without physical currency.

《金融时报》理财版编辑克莱尔·巴雷特说，西方世界正走向一个没有实体货币的世界。

Andy Holder, the chief economist at the Bank of England, suggested that the UK move towards a government-backed digital currency.

英格兰银行首席经济学家安迪·霍尔德建议英国转向一种由政府支持的数字货币。

But does a cashless society really make good economic sense?

但是，无现金社会在经济上真的合理吗？

The fact that cash is being drawn out of society is less a feature of our everyday lives and the ease of electronic payments.

现金正逐渐退出社会，这与我们的日常生活方式以及电子支付的便利息息相关。

Is this actually making us spend more money without realizing it?

这是否让我们在不知不觉中花了更多钱？

Barrett wanted to find out if the absence of physical currency does indeed cause a person to spend more.

巴雷特想弄清楚，没有实体货币是否真的会导致一个人花更多的钱。

So she decided to conduct an experiment a few months ago.

于是几个月前她决定做一个实验。

She decided that she was going to try to just use cash for two weeks to make all of her essential purchases and see what that would do to her spending.

她决定尝试在两周内只用现金来支付她所有的必需开销，看看这会对她的消费产生什么影响。

She found she did spend a lot less money because it is incredibly hard to predict how much cash one is going to need.

她发现自己确实花的钱少了很多，因为要预测一个人将需要多少现金是极其困难的。

She was forever drawing money out of cash points.

她总是不停地从取款机里取钱。

Months later she was still finding cash stuffed in her trouser pockets and the pockets of her handbags.

几个月后，她还在裤兜和手提包的口袋里发现塞着的现金。

During the experiment Barrett took a train ride.

实验期间，巴雷特乘坐了一次火车。

On the way there was an announcement that the restaurant car was not currently accepting credit cards.

途中有一则广播说，餐车目前不接受信用卡支付。

The train cars were filled with groans because many of the passengers were traveling without cash.

车厢里一片抱怨声，因为许多乘客出行时都没带现金。

It underlines just how much things have changed in the last generation, Barrett says.

巴雷特说，这凸显出在过去一代人的时间里，事情发生了多么大的变化。

My parents, when they were younger, used to budget by putting money into envelopes.

我父母年轻的时候，常常用把钱放进信封的方式来做预算。

They'd get paid and they'd immediately separate the cash into piles and put them in envelopes so they knew what they had to spend week by week.

他们一拿到工资，就马上把现金分成几堆放进信封里，这样他们就知道每周能花多少钱。

It was a very effective way for them to keep track of their spending.

对他们来说，这是一种非常有效的记账方式。

Nowadays we're all on credit cards, we're doing online purchases and money is kind of becoming a less physical and more imaginary type of thing that we can't get our hands around.

如今我们都用信用卡，都在网上购物，钱越来越不像实体的东西，而变成一种我们抓不住的、更虚拟的东西。

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.

问题19到22基于你刚刚听到的这段录音。

Question 19. What does the speaker say about Sweden?

问题19. 关于瑞典，说话人说了什么？

Question 20. What did Claire Barrett want to find out with her experiment?

问题20. 克莱尔·巴雷特想通过她的实验弄清楚什么？

Question 21. What did Claire Barrett find on her train ride?

问题21. 克莱尔·巴雷特在火车上发现了什么？

Question 22. How did people of the last generation budget their spending?

问题22. 上一代人是如何为自己的开支做预算的？

Recording 3.

录音3。

Why should you consider taking a course in demography in college?

你为什么应该考虑在大学里选修一门人口学课程？

You will be growing up in the generation where the baby boomers are going into retirement and dying.

你将在这样一代人中成长：婴儿潮一代正步入退休并陆续离世。

You will face problems in the aging of the population that have never been faced before.

你将面临以往从未遇到过的人口老龄化问题。

You will hear more and more about migration between countries and between rural areas and cities.

你会越来越多地听到关于国与国之间、城乡之间人口迁移的话题。

You need to understand as a citizen and as a taxpayer and as a voter what's really behind the arguments.

作为公民、纳税人和选民，你需要理解这些争论背后真正的东西。

I want to tell you about the past, present and future of the human population.

我想给你讲讲人类人口的过去、现在和未来。

So let's start with a few problems.

那么，我们先从几个问题说起。

Right now a billion people are chronically hungry.

如今，有十亿人长期处于饥饿之中。

That means they wake up hungry, they're hungry all day and they go to sleep hungry.

这意味着他们醒来时是饿的，一整天都饿着，睡觉时还是饿的。

A billion people are living in slums. Not the same billion people, but there is some overlap.

还有十亿人住在贫民窟里。这不是同一批十亿人，但二者有一些重叠。

Living in slums means they don't have infrastructure to take the garbage away.

住在贫民窟意味着他们没有清运垃圾的基础设施。

They don't have secure water supplies to drink.

他们没有安全可靠的饮用水供应。

Nearly a billion people are illiterate. Try to imagine your life being illiterate.

将近十亿人是文盲。试着想象一下你身为文盲的生活。

You can't read the labels on the bottles in the supermarket if you can get to a supermarket.

如果你能去得了超市，你也读不懂瓶子上的标签。

Two thirds of those people who are illiterate are women and about 200 to 215 million women don't have access to birth control they want so that they can control their own fertility.

这些文盲中有三分之二是女性，约有两亿到两亿一千五百万女性无法获得她们想要的避孕措施，从而无法控制自己的生育。

This is not only a problem in developing countries.

这不仅仅是发展中国家的问题。

About half of all pregnancies globally are unintended.

全球约有一半的怀孕是意外怀孕。

So those are examples of population problems.

以上就是人口问题的一些例子。

Demography gives you the tools to understand and to address these problems.

人口学为你提供了理解并解决这些问题的工具。

It's not only the study of human population but the populations of non-human species including viruses like influenza, the bacteria in your gut, plants that you eat, animals that you enjoy or that provide you with meat.

它不仅研究人类种群，还研究非人类物种的种群，包括像流感这样的病毒、你肠道里的细菌、你吃的植物，以及供你观赏或为你提供肉食的动物。

Demography also includes the study of non-living objects like light bulbs and taxi cabs and buildings because these are also populations.

人口学还包括对无生命物体的研究，比如灯泡、出租车和建筑，因为这些也是某种意义上的“种群”。

It studies these populations in the past, present and future using quantitative data and mathematical models as tools of analysis.

它运用定量数据和数学模型作为分析工具，研究这些种群的过去、现在和未来。

I see demography as a central subject related to economics.

我把人口学看作一门与经济学相关的核心学科。

It is the means to intervene more wisely and more effectively in the real world to improve the well-being not only of yourself important as that may be but of people around you and of other species with whom we share the planet.

它是一种手段，让我们能更明智、更有效地干预现实世界，不仅改善你自己的福祉（尽管这很重要），也改善你周围的人，以及与我们共享这个星球的其他物种的福祉。

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.

问题23到25基于你刚刚听到的这段录音。

Question 23. What does the speaker say is one of the major problems in the world today?

问题23. 说话者认为当今世界的主要问题之一是什么？

Question 24. What does the speaker say about pregnancies?

问题24. 关于怀孕，说话者说了什么？

Question 25. How does the speaker view the study of populations?

问题25. 说话者如何看待对种群的研究？

This is the end of listening comprehension.

听力理解部分到此结束。