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2024年12月六级第1套听力原文及答案解析

本页收录2024年12月六级第1套听力全部原文与答案。大学英语六级听力共三个部分:Section A 长对话,Section B 听力篇章,Section C 讲座/报告,全部音频只播放一遍。原文按句给出英文与中文对照,可用于精听、跟读与听写训练。

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Long Conversation 1
听力原文

Conversation 1.

对话一。

M: OK then.

那么好吧。

M: This here is your yearly performance review.

这是你的年度绩效评估。

M: You've been with the company for three years and under my direct supervision for the past 12 months.

你在公司工作了三年,过去12个月在我的直接监督下。

M: Your report is mostly good, but there are a couple of issues we must discuss.

你的报告总体上不错,但有几个问题我们必须讨论。

M: The report is yours to take with you.

这份报告你可以带走。

M: We'll go through the main points together now and you can comb through it in greater detail later.

我们现在一起浏览要点,你可以稍后更详细地仔细阅读。

M: Do you have any questions before we start?

在我们开始之前,你有什么问题吗?

F: No, sir.

没有,先生。

M: I'll get straight to it then.

那我就直入主题了。

M: It is evident that you are a hard worker.

很明显,你工作很努力。

M: You are punctual and industrious.

你守时且勤奋。

M: Furthermore, you have strong analytical skills and attention to detail.

此外,你具有强大的分析能力和对细节的关注。

M: The company, myself included, are happy with your productivity and overall performance.

公司,包括我本人,对你的生产力和整体表现感到满意。

F: Thank you.

谢谢。

F: I appreciate the recognition.

我感谢认可。

M: Do you agree then with this depiction so far?

那么,你同意到目前为止的描述吗?

F: Yeah, it's a little simplistic perhaps, but that's to be expected from this kind of evaluation.

是的,或许有点简单化,但这种评估在所难免。

M: Sure.

当然。

M: Would you want to add anything?

你想补充什么吗?

M: Your comments can be added to the report if you wish.

如果你愿意,你的评论可以添加到报告中。

F: Oh, there's no need.

哦,不必了。

F: It's a flattering portrayal, really.

这真是溢美之词。

F: Thank you though.

不过,还是谢谢你。

M: OK.

好的。

M: This leads me to the not-so-good part.

这让我进入不那么好的部分。

M: This mostly centres around one behavioural aspect – your ability to work with others.

这主要围绕一个行为方面——你与他人合作的能力。

F: I see.

我明白了。

M: Yes.

是的。

M: As you already know, over the last several months there have been some complaints raised about your communication style.

如你所知,在过去几个月里,有人对你的沟通方式提出了一些投诉。

F: Of course.

当然。

F: We already had like three meetings about this.

我们已经为此开了大约三次会议。

F: Look, all I'm going to say is that it was never my intention to offend anyone.

听着,我只想说,我从来无意冒犯任何人。

F: Simply put, I don't like to write long emails because, frankly, I think they're a waste of time.

简单来说,我不喜欢写长邮件,因为坦率地说,我认为那是浪费时间。

F: Conciseness is efficiency.

简洁就是效率。

F: I feel that writing long emails hurts that same productivity you praised me for just a minute ago.

我觉得写长邮件会损害你刚才赞扬的同一生产力。

F: And I already apologised if anyone was offended.

如果有人被冒犯,我已经道歉了。

F: But to be perfectly honest, I think anyone who was offended was being a little too sensitive.

但老实说,我觉得任何被冒犯的人都有点太敏感了。

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

问题1至4基于你刚才听到的对话。

Question 1. What are the speakers most probably doing?

问题1。说话者最可能在做什么?

Question 2. What does the woman say she appreciates?

问题2。女士说她欣赏什么?

Question 3. What has given rise to some complaints about the woman?

问题3。是什么引起了对女士的一些抱怨?

Question 4. Why doesn't the woman like to write long emails?

问题4。为什么女士不喜欢写长邮件?

1. What are the speakers most probably doing?
A) Preparing for a job interview.
B) Writing a work report together.
C) Going through a couple of issues the company faces.
D) Discussing the woman's annual performance review.
答案 D
解析对话中提到'This here is your yearly performance review',表明他们正在讨论女士的年度绩效评估。因此正确答案是D。选项A、B和C与原文内容不符。
2. What does the woman say she appreciates?
A) The overall culture of the company.
B) The instruction from her supervisor.
C) The honesty of the manager.
D) The recognition of her merits.
答案 D
解析女士说'I appreciate the recognition',表明她对于自己的优点得到认可表示感谢。因此正确答案是D。选项A、B和C在对话中未提及。
3. What has given rise to some complaints about the woman?
A) Her inadequate language proficiency.
B) Her inability to interact with colleagues properly.
C) Her inappropriate behavior at company meetings.
D) Her simplistic approach to dealing with others.
答案 B
解析对话中提到'your ability to work with others'和'complaints raised about your communication style',说明女士在与同事沟通时存在问题。因此正确答案是B。选项A、C和D与原文内容不符。
4. Why doesn't the woman like to write long emails?
A) To avoid offending the recipients.
B) To show her unique writing style.
C) To save time.
D) To be frank.
答案 C
解析女士说'I don't like to write long emails because, frankly, I think they're a waste of time',表明她不喜欢写长邮件是为了节省时间。因此正确答案是C。选项A、B和D与原文内容不符。
Long Conversation 2
听力原文

Conversation two.

对话二。

M: So tell me, why do you wish to study medicine?

那么告诉我,你为什么想学习医学?

F: I've always wanted to be a doctor.

我一直想成为一名医生。

F: I come from a small town where healthcare was never the best, and I think that had a profound effect on me.

我来自一个医疗条件从来都不是最好的小镇,我认为这对我产生了深远的影响。

F: As a child, I remember thinking how great it would be to serve the community and cure people.

我记得小时候,我想到能服务社区和治愈人们是多么伟大。

M: What other people or events in your life have shaped your interest in becoming a doctor?

你生活中还有哪些人或事件塑造了你想成为医生的兴趣?

F: Well, that's hard to say.

嗯,这很难说。

F: I would certainly say my parents have been a key factor.

我肯定要说我的父母是一个关键因素。

F: They always pushed me to study hard, and I certainly wouldn't be here without their support.

他们总是督促我努力学习,没有他们的支持,我肯定不会在这里。

F: I guess I was also immensely fortunate to have good teachers and friends around me.

我想我也非常幸运,身边有好老师和好朋友。

F: At the end of the day, I've always been surrounded by a positive environment, conducive to my working hard and pursuing my dreams.

归根结底,我一直处在一个积极的环境中,这有助于我努力工作和追求梦想。

M: Is there any medical branch that you would like to specialize in?

你想专攻哪个医学分支吗?

F: I haven't decided yet.

我还没决定。

F: It's still early days.

现在还为时过早。

F: However, if I had to say, internal medicine.

然而,如果我必须说,内科。

M: Why internal medicine?

为什么选择内科?

F: I know it's no picnic, but I find it the most intriguing because it covers so much and ties together so many other specialties.

我知道这不是轻松的事,但我觉得它最有趣,因为它涵盖面广,并将许多其他专业联系起来。

M: Thank you.

谢谢。

M: Now I'd like to address your academic history and projected grades.

现在我想谈谈你的学术历史和预计成绩。

M: We like to think of ourselves as a prestigious institution with a highly competitive and promising student body.

我们喜欢将自己视为一所享有盛誉的学校,拥有高度竞争和有前途的学生群体。

M: As you know, to get into our programs, you need at least an 85% score in the entrance exam.

如你所知,要进入我们的项目,你需要在入学考试中至少达到85%的分数。

M: Do you think you can attain this?

你认为你能达到这个分数吗?

F: I think so, yes.

我认为是的。

M: I'm looking at your school grades now, and I'll be honest.

我现在在看你的学校成绩,我会坦诚地说。

M: It's a bit of a mixed bag.

成绩好坏参半。

M: You do get top grades here and there, but you are not very, shall we say, consistent.

你确实在某些地方取得高分,但你不是非常,可以说,稳定。

M: I see no problem in making you a conditional offer, but consider yourself warned.

我发给你有条件录取没有问题,但你自己要注意警告。

M: Our entrance exam is, to use your own words, no picnic.

我们的入学考试,用你自己的话说,不是轻松的事。

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

问题5到8基于你刚刚听到的对话。

Question 5. What does the woman say she has always wanted to do since childhood?

问题5。女士说她从小就想做什么?

Question 6. What do we learn about the woman's parents from the conversation?

问题6。从对话中我们了解到女士的父母什么?

Question 7. Why does the woman say she wants to choose internal medicine as her specialty?

问题7。女士为什么说她想选择内科作为专业?

Question 8. How does the man describe the woman's school grades?

问题8。男士如何描述女士的学校成绩?

5. What does the woman say she has always wanted to do since childhood?
A) Provide medical service to the community.
B) Make healthcare in her hometown the best.
C) Obtain a doctoral degree in internal medicine.
D) Have a profound impact on people around her.
答案 A
解析女士说'I remember thinking how great it would be to serve the community and cure people',表明她一直想为社区提供医疗服务。因此正确答案是A。选项B、C和D与原文内容不符。
6. What do we learn about the woman's parents from the conversation?
A) They have constantly urged her to study hard.
B) They have worked hard to finance her education.
C) They have tried to create a positive learning environment.
D) They have pursued the family's dreams together with her.
答案 A
解析对话中提到'my parents have been a key factor'和'They always pushed me to study hard',说明她的父母一直鼓励她努力学习。因此正确答案是A。选项B、C和D与原文内容不符。
7. Why does the woman say she wants to choose internal medicine as her specialty?
A) It is a key medical branch conducive to realizing her dreams.
B) It connects many other specialties with its broad coverage.
C) It has a long history in the man's prestigious institution.
D) It is a medical branch both of her parents specialize in.
答案 B
解析女士说'I find it the most intriguing, because it covers so much and ties together so many other specialties',表明她认为内科因为涵盖广泛且与其他专业紧密相关而吸引人。因此正确答案是B。选项A、C和D与原文内容不符。
8. How does the man describe the woman's school grades?
A) Problematic.
B) Competitive.
C) Inconsistent.
D) Trustworthy.
答案 C
解析男士提到'it's a bit of a mixed bag'和'You do get top grades here and there, but you are not very, shall we say, consistent',表明女士的学习成绩不一致。因此正确答案是C。选项A、B和D与原文内容不符。
Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Passage 3
听力原文

Passage one.

第一段。

Logging into your email account can sometimes feel like trying to hack into the Pentagon.

登录你的电子邮箱账户有时感觉就像试图入侵五角大楼。

If you follow all of the guidelines, you need to use a different password for every one of your accounts, use an incomprehensible variety of letters, numbers and symbols, sign up for two-step verification, and change every password every time one of them is compromised.

如果你遵循所有指南,你需要为每个账户使用不同的密码,使用令人费解的字母、数字和符号组合,注册两步验证,并在每次密码泄露时更改所有密码。

More often than not, you then have to choose photos that include a street sign, as this apparently provides solid evidence to your computer that you are, in fact, a human being.

很多时候,你还需要选择包含街道标志的照片,因为这显然为你的电脑提供了确凿证据,证明你实际上是一个人类。

It's no small wonder most of us forget our passwords more often than our keys.

难怪我们大多数人忘记密码的频率比忘记钥匙还要高。

Now, a new peer-reviewed study by researchers at Aalto University in Finland is attempting to figure out why we forget our passwords in order to help put an end to this frustrating phenomenon.

现在,芬兰阿尔托大学的研究人员进行的一项新的同行评审研究正试图找出我们忘记密码的原因,以帮助终结这一令人沮丧的现象。

Their findings suggest that how likely you are to remember your password has less to do with the intricacy of the password itself, and more to do with how often you anticipate using it.

他们的发现表明,你记住密码的可能性与密码本身的复杂性关系不大,而更多地与你预期使用它的频率有关。

Which is to say, you are far more likely to remember a complicated password if you know you'll frequently be using it to log into an account than you are to remember a simple password for an account that you don't expect to log into very often.

也就是说,如果你知道你会频繁使用一个复杂密码登录账户,那么你记住它的可能性远远大于记住一个你预计不常登录的简单密码。

The researchers advise websites to include more of an incentive for users to log in more often in order to help them remember their secret codes.

研究人员建议网站增加更多激励措施,鼓励用户更频繁地登录,以帮助他们记住密码。

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题9到11基于你刚刚听到的段落。

Question 9. Why do we often have to choose photos that include a street sign to log into our email accounts?

问题9. 为什么我们经常需要选择包含街道标志的照片来登录我们的电子邮箱账户?

Question 10. What do researchers at a university in Finland aim to do in their new study?

问题10. 芬兰一所大学的研究人员在他们的新研究中旨在做什么?

Question 11. What do the researchers advise websites to do at the end of the passage?

问题11. 在文章末尾,研究人员建议网站做什么?

9. Why do we often have to choose photos that include a street sign to log into our email accounts?
A) To prevent hackers from cracking our secret codes.
B) To show that all the guidelines are being followed.
C) To provide evidence that passwords are forgotten.
D) To convince our computer that we are human.
答案 D
解析对话中提到'as this apparently provides solid evidence to your computer that you are, in fact, a human being',说明选择包含街牌的照片是为了向电脑证明我们是人。因此正确答案是D。选项A、B和C与原文内容不符。
10. What do researchers at a university in Finland aim to do in their new study?
A) Put an end to the hacking phenomenon.
B) Help people remember their passwords.
C) Reduce the intricacy of the password itself.
D) Explain the need for different email accounts.
答案 B
解析对话中提到'a new peer-reviewed study...is attempting to figure out why we forget our passwords in order to help put an end to this frustrating phenomenon',表明芬兰研究人员旨在帮助人们记住密码。因此正确答案是B。选项A、C和D与原文内容不符。
11. What do the researchers advise websites to do at the end of the passage?
A) Innovate technologies to ensure the safety of users' accounts.
B) Provide incentives for the application of creative passwords.
C) Explore the possibility of using simpler secret codes.
D) Take steps to encourage users to log in more often.
答案 D
解析对话中提到'The researchers advise websites to include more of an incentive for users to log in more often',表明研究人员建议网站采取措施鼓励用户更频繁登录。因此正确答案是D。选项A、B和C与原文内容不符。
Passage 4
听力原文

Passage 2.

篇章2。

Four years ago, Jenny Weiner was in a fitness slump.

四年前,珍妮·韦纳正处于健身低谷。

She wanted to improve her physical and mental health.

她想要改善自己的身心健康。

However, her workouts lacked intensity without a proper training program to follow.

然而,由于没有合适的训练计划可循,她的锻炼缺乏强度。

When she went to the gym, her daily ritual predominantly involved easy exercise options like jogging.

当她去健身房时,她的日常习惯主要涉及像慢跑这样的简单锻炼选项。

She avoided more formidable exercises like lifting weights.

她避免更艰巨的锻炼,比如举重。

A personal trainer who might push her was out of the question.

一个可能推动她的私人教练是不可想象的。

The extravagant cost was just unaffordable.

高昂的费用根本负担不起。

She then discovered the fitness phone app Slimeretics.

然后她发现了健身手机应用斯利梅里蒂克斯。

To use the app, you first input your profile about your previous training experiences and preferences as well as your desired goals.

要使用这个应用,你首先输入你的个人资料,包括你之前的训练经历、偏好以及你想要的目标。

A virtual coach then uses that information to suggest a personalized training regime.

然后,一个虚拟教练使用这些信息来建议一个个性化的训练方案。

After the workout, the app's artificial intelligence software system uses feedback from Ms.

锻炼后,该应用的人工智能软件系统使用来自韦纳女士的

Weiner and its other 53 million users around the world to adjust future training sessions.

以及其全球其他5300万用户的反馈来调整未来的训练课程。

Now, Ms.

现在,韦纳女士

Weiner finds the workouts exciting.

觉得锻炼令人兴奋。

This is because no two are ever the same.

这是因为没有两次是相同的。

As a result, the app has helped her to lose more than 25 kilograms.

结果,该应用帮助她减掉了超过25公斤。

The app's mathematical approach can arrange a more meticulous workout schedule.

该应用的数学方法可以安排一个更细致的锻炼计划。

This has led to optimal results.

这导致了最佳结果。

However, some experts think that apps cannot replace human personal trainers.

然而,一些专家认为应用无法取代人类私人教练。

An app cannot understand human behavior.

应用无法理解人类行为。

It will not comprehend that there are competing interests outside of health and fitness.

它不会理解在健康和健身之外还有其他相互冲突的利益。

Additionally, a human trainer can add compassion to the workout.

此外,人类教练可以为锻炼增添同情心。

He can also make exercise fun and sustainable.

他还可以使锻炼变得有趣和可持续。

Trainers can monitor whether a person is doing exercises correctly.

教练可以监控一个人是否正确做锻炼。

This can safeguard against injuries.

这可以防止受伤。

An app cannot perceive such subtleties.

应用无法察觉这样的细微差别。

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题12至15基于你刚刚听到的篇章。

Question 12. What was the problem Jenny Weiner encountered four years ago?

问题12. 珍妮·韦纳四年前遇到的问题是什么?

Question 13. What can the fitness phone app Slimmeretics do according to the passage?

问题13. 根据篇章,健身手机应用斯利梅里蒂克斯能做什么?

Question 14. Why does the passage say Jenny Weiner now finds the workouts exciting?

问题14. 为什么篇章说珍妮·韦纳现在觉得锻炼令人兴奋?

Question 15. What do some experts think of fitness apps like Slimmeretics?

问题15. 一些专家对像斯利梅里蒂克斯这样的健身应用有何看法?

12. What was the problem Jenny Weiner encountered four years ago?
A) Her work no longer interested her.
B) Her training app did not fit her.
C) Her fitness fell into a slump.
D) Her business deteriorated.
答案 C
解析对话中提到'Jenny Weiner was in a fitness slump',说明Jenny Weiner的健身陷入了低谷。因此正确答案是C。选项A、B和D与原文内容不符。
13. What can the fitness phone app Slimmeretics do according to the passage?
A) Help users keep track of their fitness levels.
B) Design personalized training programmes.
C) Strengthen ties among users worldwide.
D) Select well-qualified human coaches.
答案 B
解析对话中提到'A virtual coach then uses that information to suggest a personalized training regime',说明该应用程序可以设计个性化的训练计划。因此正确答案是B。选项A、C和D与原文内容不符。
14. Why does the passage say Jenny Weiner now finds the workouts exciting?
A) They are never repeated.
B) They help enrich her life.
C) They are of no extreme intensity.
D) They keep her focused on her goal.
答案 A
解析对话中提到'no two are ever the same',说明Jenny Weiner发现锻炼令人兴奋是因为没有两次是重复的。因此正确答案是A。选项B、C和D与原文内容不符。
15. What do some experts think of fitness apps like Slimmeretics?
A) They will not be able to take the place of human personal trainers.
B) They will not be able to comprehend some of the profiles users put in.
C) They cannot lead to optimal results with their mathematical approach.
D) They cannot match humans in arranging meticulous workout schedules.
答案 A
解析对话中提到'some experts think that apps cannot replace human personal trainers',表明应用程序不能取代人类私人教练。因此正确答案是A。选项B、C和D与原文内容不符。
Section C

Directions: In this section you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Lecture 5
听力原文

Recording one.

录音一。

All societies are held together by seven universal moral rules, which include deferring to superiors and respecting the property of others, Oxford University has concluded.

牛津大学已得出结论,所有社会都由七条普遍的道德规则维系,其中包括尊重上级和尊重他人财产。

Although many cultures are moving towards more liberal, less hierarchical organizations, the new research suggests that traditional power structures and basic values of charity and brotherhood are the cornerstones of successful societies.

尽管许多文化正朝着更自由、等级更少的组织形式发展,但新研究表明,传统的权力结构以及慈善和博爱的基本价值观是成功社会的基石。

The huge study of 60 different cultures around the world found that all communities operate under seven basic moral codes.

这项对全球60种不同文化的大规模研究发现,所有社区都在七条基本道德准则下运作。

Those universal rules are help your family, help your group, return favors, be brave, defer to superiors, divide resources fairly, and respect the property of others.

这些普遍规则是帮助你的家庭、帮助你的群体、回报恩惠、勇敢、尊重上级、公平分配资源,以及尊重他人财产。

The character traits held for every kind of community, be they traditional hunter-gatherers or advanced civilizations, helping to uphold civilized society and foster social cooperation, researchers found.

研究人员发现,这些特质存在于每一种社区中,无论是传统的狩猎采集者还是先进的文明,它们有助于维护文明社会并促进社会合作。

Everyone, everywhere, shares a common moral code, said Dr.

每个人、每个地方都共享一套共同的道德准则,博士说。

Oliver Scott Curry, lead author and senior researcher at Oxford.

奥利弗·斯科特·柯里,牛津大学的首席作者和高级研究员。

These seven moral rules appear to be universal across cultures because people face the same social problems.

这七条道德规则似乎在所有文化中都是普遍的,因为人们面临着相同的社会问题。

Even if some of these traits look right-wing or conservative, for example, deferring to authority, left-wing people will still have a group loyalty and deference to someone or something.

即使其中一些特质看起来像右翼或保守派,例如尊重权威,左翼人士仍然会有群体忠诚和对某人或某事的尊重。

This shows there really is more that unites us than divides us.

这表明,真正团结我们的东西比分裂我们的更多。

The study, published in Current Anthropology, is the largest and most comprehensive and widespread survey of morals ever conducted and aimed to find out whether different societies had different versions of morality.

这项发表在《当前人类学》上的研究,是有史以来进行的最大规模、最全面和最广泛的道德调查,旨在查明不同社会是否有不同版本的道德。

The team accessed the world's best archives to analyze accounts from more than 600 sources of 60 societies around the world.

该团队访问了世界上最好的档案库,分析了来自全球60个社会的600多个来源的记录。

They found that the seven rules were considered morally good in all societies and were observed across all continents, religions, and politics.

他们发现,这七条规则在所有社会中都被认为是道德良善的,并且在所有大陆、宗教和政治中都得到遵守。

However, some communities valued certain rules more highly than others.

然而,一些社区比其他社区更看重某些规则。

Dr.

博士。

Curry hopes that this research helps to promote mutual understanding between people of different cultures and appreciation of what we have in common and how and why we differ.

柯里希望这项研究有助于促进不同文化背景的人们之间的相互理解,并欣赏我们的共同点以及我们如何及为何不同。

Co-author Professor Harvey Whitehouse said social scientists should now set about testing the theory in the field rather than relying on old data.

合著者哈维·怀特豪斯教授表示,社会科学家现在应该开始在实地测试该理论,而不是依赖旧数据。

This study was based on historical descriptions of cultures around the world, he said.

他说,这项研究基于对全球文化的历史描述。

These descriptions were made independent of and prior to the theory we're testing.

这些描述是在我们正在测试的理论独立且之前进行的。

In future, if social scientists are serious about testing theories of morality, they will need to gather new data more systematically out in the field.

未来,如果社会科学家认真对待测试道德理论,他们将需要更系统地在实地收集新数据。

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the lecture you have just heard.

问题16至18基于你刚刚听到的讲座。

Question 16. What do we learn from diversity researchers?

问题16. 我们从多样性研究人员那里了解到什么?

Question 17. What did the new study by Oxford researchers aim to do?

问题17. 牛津研究人员的新研究旨在做什么?

Question 18. What does Harvey Whitehouse think social scientists should do to test theories of morality?

问题18. 哈维·怀特豪斯认为社会科学家应该做什么来测试道德理论?

16. What do we learn from diversity researchers?
A) All societies are built upon the cornerstones of basic values.
B) Everyone everywhere demonstrates seven character traits.
C) All societies are kept together by seven basic moral rules.
D) Everyone everywhere shares a universal moral standard.
答案 C
解析对话中提到'All societies are held together by seven universal moral rules',说明所有社会都由七条基本道德规则维系。因此正确答案是C。选项A、B和D与原文内容不符。
17. What did the new study by Oxford researchers aim to do?
A) Ascertain whether deferring to authority was confined to right-wing people.
B) Find out whether different societies had different versions of morality.
C) Make clear whether all societies faced the same moral issues.
D) Find out whether left-wing people still had a group loyalty.
答案 B
解析对话中提到'The study...aimed to find out whether different societies had different versions of morality',表明研究旨在找出不同社会是否有不同的道德版本。因此正确答案是B。选项A、C和D与原文内容不符。
18. What does Harvey Whitehouse think social scientists should do to test theories of morality?
A) Make independent descriptions of cultures around the world.
B) Strive to understand the basic differences between peoples.
C) Appreciate the foundational value of the existing data.
D) Carry out systematic field studies to gather new data.
答案 D
解析对话中提到'social scientists should now set about testing the theory in the field rather than relying on old data',表明社会科学家应该在实地进行系统性的研究以收集新数据。因此正确答案是D。选项A、B和C与原文内容不符。
Lecture 6
听力原文

Recording 2.

录音二。

When it comes to food, color is money.

说到食物,颜色就是金钱。

Food companies know that better color gives better prices, so they ensure that their products are attractive in color to bolster earnings.

食品公司知道更好的颜色能带来更高的价格,因此他们确保产品颜色诱人,以增加收益。

Oranges, for example, have to meet specific color standards, and oranges are just the beginning.

例如,橘子必须符合特定的颜色标准,而橘子只是开始。

There are color standards for foods including French fries, tomatoes, pumpkins, olives, honey, and cherries.

对于食物,包括炸薯条、西红柿、南瓜、橄榄、蜂蜜和樱桃,都有颜色标准。

The attention to color is for good reason.

对颜色的关注是有充分理由的。

For all the talk of the tongue, our eyes really might be the most important part of the eating experience.

尽管舌头被频繁提及,但我们的眼睛可能才是饮食体验中最重要的部分。

A great number of our brain functions are dedicated to processing vision, while only a percent or two is given over to taste faculties, and the result is that color actually changes how we taste food.

我们大脑的大部分功能都用于处理视觉,而只有一两个百分点用于味觉官能,结果是颜色实际上改变了我们品尝食物的方式。

Scientists have demonstrated many times the importance of color to taste.

科学家多次证明了颜色对味道的重要性。

In a 1980 study, for example, test participants were asked to name the flavor of the beverage they were drinking without being able to see that beverage.

例如,在1980年的一项研究中,测试参与者被要求在不看到饮料的情况下说出他们正在喝的饮料的味道。

Only one in five was able to identify it as orange.

只有五分之一的人能够识别出它是橙子味。

But when they were allowed to see what they were drinking, which was orange in color, each of them identified the orange flavor.

但当他们被允许看到所喝的饮料是橙色时,每个人都识别出了橙子味。

And when a drink that was lime flavor was colored orange, nearly half of respondents identified the flavor of the beverage as orange.

当一种青柠味的饮料被染成橙色时,近一半的受访者将饮料的味道识别为橙子味。

None made that mistake when the beverage was green in color.

当饮料是绿色时,没有人犯这种错误。

What's happening when someone fails to identify the flavor of a beverage they can't see, or that has an abnormal color?

当某人无法识别看不到或颜色异常的饮料的味道时,发生了什么?

Is it that participants can't discern what the flavor is, and so rely on visual cues?

是因为参与者无法辨别味道,因此依赖视觉线索吗?

Or does color actually change the experience of taste?

还是颜色实际上改变了味觉体验?

The key to these questions is the effect of color on expectation.

这些问题的关键是颜色对期望的影响。

The brain makes predictions using color.

大脑使用颜色进行预测。

These predictions rely on expectations that come from experience.

这些预测依赖于来自经验的期望。

Research shows that we're all born liking sweet things and desire to eat them.

研究表明,我们生来就喜欢甜食,并渴望食用它们。

But we aren't born knowing what the sweet things we crave look like, so we need to learn this over time.

但我们生来并不知道我们渴望的甜食是什么样子,所以我们需要随着时间学习这一点。

The brain gets information from the environment, and we learn, for example, that fruits go from green and sour to red and ripe and sweet.

大脑从环境中获取信息,我们学习到,例如,水果从绿色和酸涩变为红色、成熟和甜美。

Thus, if we see a green berry, we equate its color with a sour taste, and just looking at a red fruit will activate our expectations that it will taste sweet and delicious.

因此,如果我们看到一个绿色的浆果,我们会将其颜色与酸味等同起来,而仅仅看到红色水果就会激活我们对其味道甜美可口的期望。

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the lecture you have just heard.

问题19至22基于你刚刚听到的讲座。

Question 19. What does the speaker say about our eyes?

问题19. 演讲者关于我们的眼睛说了什么?

Question 20. What does color actually do, according to this lecture?

问题20. 根据本讲座,颜色实际上做了什么?

Question 21. What does the brain use color to do?

问题21. 大脑使用颜色来做什么?

19. What does the speaker say about our eyes?
A) They might be the most important part of our eating experience.
B) They can activate our brain functions in a most direct fashion.
C) They can be viewed as the windows to our soul.
D) They could mislead us in more ways than one.
答案 A
解析对话中提到'our eyes really might be the most important part of the eating experience',说明眼睛可能是我们进食体验中最重要的部分。因此正确答案是A。选项B、C和D与原文内容不符。
20. What does color actually do, according to this lecture?
A) It attracts food companies' growing attention.
B) It adversely impacts one's eating experience.
C) It invariably determines how food sells.
D) It changes the way people taste food.
答案 D
解析对话中提到'color actually changes how we taste food',表明颜色实际上改变了人们品尝食物的方式。因此正确答案是D。选项A、B和C与原文内容不符。
21. What does the brain use color to do?
A) Enhance the taste.
B) Make predictions.
C) Identify distinct flavors.
D) Enrich the eating experience.
答案 B
解析对话中提到'The brain makes predictions using color',表明大脑使用颜色进行预测。因此正确答案是B。选项A、C和D与原文内容不符。
Lecture 7
听力原文

Recording 3.

录音3。

Searching for meaning is something many of us experience throughout our lives.

寻找意义是许多人在一生中都会经历的事情。

For some, this meaning is religious, some political, and some interpersonal.

对一些人来说,这种意义是宗教的,对一些人是政治的,对一些人是人际关系的。

And having a sense of meaning can bring us happiness.

拥有一种意义感可以带给我们幸福。

A new study looks at the relationship between meaning and happiness in the context of financial resources.

一项新研究探讨了意义与幸福之间的关系,背景是经济资源。

Rhea Catapano from the University of Toronto and colleagues find meaning is a far weaker predictor of happiness for rich people than poorer people, suggesting economic resources can impact how we experience meaning.

来自多伦多大学的Rhea Catapano及其同事发现,意义对富人幸福感的预测远弱于对穷人,这表明经济资源会影响我们如何体验意义。

The team analyzed data from over 500,000 people across 123 countries.

该团队分析了来自123个国家超过50万人的数据。

The first study used data from a daily poll of U.

第一项研究使用了来自每日民意调查的数据,针对美国

S.

美国

residents collected between 2013 and 2015.

居民数据收集于2013年至2015年间。

Well-being was tracked using measures of positive affect, whether during the day, before they were surveyed, participants had smiled or laughed a lot, or experienced a lot of happiness.

通过积极情感的指标来跟踪幸福感,即在调查前的一天内,参与者是否经常微笑或大笑,或体验到很多幸福。

Meaning was measured through a daily purpose index, which explored the extent to which participants felt that they like what they do every day and are motivated to achieve their goals.

意义通过一个每日目标指数来衡量,该指数探讨了参与者感觉喜欢每天所做的事情以及有动力实现目标的程度。

Finally, income levels were assessed.

最后,评估了收入水平。

The results showed that the correlation between meaning and happiness was strongest among those in lower income brackets.

结果显示,意义与幸福之间的相关性在低收入人群中最为强烈。

But as income levels increased, the correlation became weaker.

但随着收入水平的提高,相关性变得更弱。

The second study looked at worldwide data.

第二项研究考察了全球数据。

Happiness was measured using the same questions as in the first study, while meaning was measured using the single question.

幸福使用与第一项研究相同的问题来衡量,而意义使用单一问题来衡量。

Do you feel your life has an important purpose or meaning?

你觉得你的生活有重要的目标或意义吗?

Again, the strength of the relationship between meaning and happiness depended on participants' income.

同样,意义与幸福之间关系的强度取决于参与者的收入。

Meaning had a greater influence on happiness for those on lower incomes compared to those in higher brackets.

与收入较高的人相比,意义对低收入者的幸福有更大的影响。

In the final study, French participants indicated the extent to which they felt they led a purposeful and meaningful life, and how much they considered themselves a happy person.

在最后一项研究中,法国参与者表示了他们感觉自己过着有目标和有意义的生活的程度,以及他们在多大程度上认为自己是一个幸福的人。

Finally, rather than using specific income brackets, they placed themselves on a social ladder, representing where they stand in society with regard to wealth, education, and career.

最后,不是使用特定的收入范围,而是让他们将自己放在一个社会阶梯上,代表他们在社会中相对于财富、教育和职业的地位。

The results from this study duplicated those of the first two.

这项研究的结果重复了前两项研究的结果。

So, overall, meaning and happiness had a stronger relationship in those with fewer resources than those with more.

因此,总体而言,意义与幸福在资源较少的人群中关系更强,而不是在资源较多的人群中。

This might be the case because richer individuals have more access to other sources of happiness, many of which will be external, like lack of stress or community.

这可能是因为富人有更多的其他幸福来源,其中许多是外部的,比如没有压力或社区。

Thus, a focus on an internal sense of satisfaction, purpose, or meaning is less important.

因此,关注内在的满足感、目标或意义就不那么重要了。

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the lecture you have just heard.

第23至25题基于你刚才听到的讲座。

Question 22. What does the speaker say many of us search for throughout our lives?

问题22. 讲话者说许多人在一生中寻找什么?

Question 23. What do Rhea Catapano and colleagues find about economic resources?

问题23. Rhea Catapano及其同事关于经济资源发现了什么?

Question 24. What do we learn about Rhea Catapano and colleagues' second study?

问题24. 关于Rhea Catapano及其同事的第二项研究,我们了解到什么?

Question 25. Why do meaning and happiness have a weaker relationship in those with more resources? That's the end of Listening Comprehension.

问题25. 为什么意义与幸福在资源较多的人群中关系更弱?听力理解到此结束。

22. What does the speaker say many of us search for throughout our lives?
A) Social status.
B) Financial resources.
C) Meaning.
D) Happiness.
答案 C
解析原文 'Searching for meaning is something many of us experience throughout our lives' → C(meaning)。B(financial resources) 是该研究的对照变量,非'搜寻之物'。
23. What do Rhea Catapano and colleagues find about economic resources?
A) Their effect on people's happiness has long been overstated.
B) Their influence on people's lives varies with social contexts.
C) They can affect people's experience of meaning.
D) They can ensure people's overall wellbeing.
答案 C
解析对话中提到'economic resources can impact how we experience meaning',表明经济资源可以影响我们体验意义的方式。因此正确答案是C。选项A、B和D与原文内容不符。
24. What do we learn about Rhea Catapano and colleagues' second study?
A) It used questions totally different from those in their first study.
B) It focused on the sense of meaning of French participants.
C) It analysed cases from a daily poll of US residents.
D) It examined data collected from multiple countries.
答案 D
解析对话中提到'the second study looked at worldwide data',说明第二项研究考察了来自多个国家的数据。因此正确答案是D。选项A、B和C与原文内容不符。
25. Why do meaning and happiness have a weaker relationship in those with more resources? That's the end of Listening Comprehension.
A) They might have more access to external sources of happiness.
B) They might focus on an individual sense of satisfaction or meaning.
C) They might be less easily affected by a community's overall feeling.
D) They might be less adversely impacted by failure to achieve a purpose.
答案 A
解析对话中提到'richer individuals have more access to other sources of happiness',表明更富有的个体有更多的途径获得幸福。因此正确答案是A。选项B、C和D与原文内容不符。