2026年06月六级第1套听力原文及答案解析

M: Welcome to Business Matters.

欢迎收听《商业要闻》。

M: Today we have invited career development consultant Lucy Williams to talk about how to get ahead at work.

今天我们邀请到了职业发展顾问露西·威廉姆斯，来谈谈如何在职场上脱颖而出。

M: Hi Lucy.

你好，露西。

M: Many of us never seem to get promoted.

我们中的很多人似乎一直得不到晋升。

M: Why is that and what can we do about it?

这是为什么呢？我们又能做些什么来改变这种状况？

F: One mistake people make is to limit communication only to their bosses.

人们常犯的一个错误是只和上司沟通。

F: It's important to expand your network and include your co-workers.

拓展自己的人脉网络、把同事也纳入其中，这一点很重要。

M: But some of our co-workers are less senior to us.

但我们有些同事的职级比我们低。

M: Is it really necessary to connect with them?

真的有必要和他们建立联系吗？

F: It's important not to underestimate your colleagues.

重要的是不要低估你的同事。

F: Sometimes a job title might not clearly demonstrate the influence they may have.

有时候，一个人的职位头衔并不能清楚地体现出他可能拥有的影响力。

M: Now many of us think that working hard creates a good impression, but this isn't always true is it?

我们很多人都认为努力工作会给人留下好印象，但事实并非总是如此，对吧？

F: That's right.

没错。

F: We should avoid trying to take on too much work and constantly staying late just to show that you are committed.

我们应该避免为了显示自己敬业而承揽过多工作、并且总是加班到很晚。

M: I see.

我明白了。

M: So setting expectations too high at the beginning can make us look bad if we don't maintain them.

所以，如果一开始就把期望值定得太高，之后又达不到，反而会让我们显得很糟糕。

F: Yeah, it's better to make sure you are putting in quality time instead of just a large quantity of time.

是的，最好确保你投入的是高质量的时间，而不仅仅是大量的时间。

F: And these efforts can easily be demonstrated by the results we achieve.

而这些努力可以很容易地通过我们取得的成果体现出来。

M: What about helping others at work?

那在工作中帮助他人又如何呢？

M: Should you try and go beyond your normal responsibilities and offer to help people with their projects?

你应该超出自己的本职工作范围，主动去帮别人做他们的项目吗？

F: Extend your assistance to those who need it, but only as long as your own work will not go unattended.

向需要帮助的人伸出援手，但前提是不能耽误你自己的工作。

F: If someone can benefit from your assistance or advice, help them out to gain their respect and trust.

如果有人能从你的帮助或建议中受益，就帮他一把，以此赢得他们的尊重和信任。

M: But it goes without saying that you shouldn't act like a know-it-all, otherwise you'll appear arrogant.

但不言而喻，你不该表现得无所不知，否则会显得很自大。

F: Absolutely.

完全正确。

F: Be humble and you'll get a lot of time later on to show your genius.

保持谦逊，日后你会有大把的时间来展现你的才华。

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

Question 1. What are the speakers mainly talking about?

Question 2. What does the woman say is one mistake people make?

Question 3. What does the woman advise people to do in their work?

Question 4. Why does the man say one should not act like a know-it-all?

F: I think we first need to decide how to divide up the presentation responsibilities.

我觉得我们首先得决定怎么分配这次演讲的任务。

F: From what I recall, the presentation consists of five parts, not including the introduction and conclusion.

据我记得，这次演讲一共有五个部分，还不包括引言和结论。

F: That would mean altogether we need to allocate seven parts between the two of us.

那就意味着我们俩总共需要分配七个部分。

F: So we have the abstract, background research, the project design, the results and the discussion portions.

所以我们有摘要、背景研究、项目设计、结果和讨论这几个部分。

F: As the abstract section only applies to the article, we needn't include it in the presentation.

由于摘要部分只适用于文章，我们在演讲中就不必包含它了。

F: How would you suggest we dole out the rest?

剩下的部分你觉得我们该怎么分配呢？

F: How do you feel about handling the background bit?

你来负责背景这一部分，觉得怎么样？

F: In this way, we can both discuss the part of the project that we devoted most of our time to.

这样一来，我们俩都能讲到自己投入时间最多的那部分项目内容。

M: Hold on a minute.

等一下。

M: You want me, the one who did the bulk of the task, to also do the majority of the presentation?

你想让我这个做了大部分工作的人，再来承担大部分的演讲？

M: The background research which was so meticulous took more than a month.

那么细致的背景研究可花了我一个多月。

F: Okay, okay, I get it.

好啦好啦，我明白了。

F: Quit your moaning.

别再抱怨了。

F: I appreciate the rigorous work ethic you applied to the research, but not the sarcasm that comes up every time I mention it.

我很欣赏你在研究中一丝不苟的工作态度，但不喜欢每次我一提起它你就冷嘲热讽。

F: What do you think would be a fair arrangement?

你觉得怎样分配才算公平呢？

M: I think the best arrangement would be to split the research into two parts, before 1980 and afterward.

我觉得最好的安排是把研究分成两部分，1980年以前和1980年以后。

M: I will take the before portion and you would be assigned the after 1980, leaving the project and results.

我负责1980年以前的部分，你负责1980年以后的，这样就剩下项目和结果部分了。

M: I volunteer to describe the project, but as I struggled a bit with the statistics in the results section, how about you handling that?

我自愿来讲项目部分，不过既然我在结果部分的数据统计上有点吃力，那部分就交给你处理，怎么样？

F: That's agreeable to me.

我同意。

M: I propose we both handle the discussion section in parts along with the question and answer afterward, leaving only the introduction and conclusion.

我提议讨论部分我们俩分段来讲，随后的问答环节也一起负责，这样就只剩引言和结论了。

M: I will take responsibility for the conclusion and put you in charge of the introduction.

我来负责结论，让你负责引言。

M: This will make it so that we alternate presenting, so as to avoid sounding monotonous to the audience.

这样我们就能轮流演讲，从而避免让听众觉得单调乏味。

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

Question 5. What does the woman say they first need to do?

Question 6. Why does the man refuse to handle the background part?

Question 7. What does the woman urge the man to stop doing?

Question 8. Why does the man suggest he present the conclusion and the woman do the introduction?

Makeup can do more than just change your appearance.

化妆的作用不仅仅是改变你的外貌。

It can also alter others' perceptions of you, for better or for worse.

它还能改变别人对你的看法，或好或坏。

According to new research from the University of Stirling in Scotland, although both men and women perceive women who wear makeup as being of a higher status, men associate makeup with prestigious, positive qualities, while women view other women wearing makeup as being dominant and a potential threat.

根据苏格兰斯特灵大学的一项新研究，尽管男性和女性都认为化妆的女性地位更高，但男性会把化妆与令人尊敬的正面品质联系在一起，而女性则把化妆的其他女性视为强势、构成潜在威胁的存在。

The research showed that men and women both rated the faces with cosmetics as being more attractive.

研究显示，男性和女性都认为化了妆的面孔更具吸引力。

But only women rated made-up faces as being more dominant, while only men rated made-up faces as being higher in prestige.

但只有女性认为化了妆的面孔更强势，而只有男性认为化了妆的面孔更受尊敬。

A follow-up study investigated the root cause behind these differences in perception, and found that female on female jealousy seemed to be the main cause for the differences in perception.

一项后续研究调查了这些认知差异背后的根本原因，发现女性之间的嫉妒似乎是造成这些认知差异的主要原因。

Women rating women with makeup said they would be more jealous of them, and thought they would be more attractive to men than their non-makeup wearing counterparts.

对化妆女性进行评价的女性表示，她们会更嫉妒这些人，并认为她们比不化妆的女性对男性更有吸引力。

Cosmetic products are good for more than just giving you a pretty face.

化妆品的好处不仅仅是让你拥有一张漂亮的脸。

It can be particularly useful for women to understand how wearing makeup alters others' perceptions of them in situations where they are trying to gain others' trust and admiration.

在女性试图赢得他人信任和赞赏的场合，了解化妆会如何改变别人对自己的看法，可能会格外有用。

At a job interview, knowing whether the hiring committee will consist of men or women might influence a female candidate's decision about wearing makeup.

在求职面试中，了解招聘委员会是由男性还是女性组成，可能会影响一位女性求职者是否化妆的决定。

Whether the interviewers will view her as attractive, dominant and prestigious can affect the interviewer's actions and perhaps the outcome of the interview itself.

面试官是否会认为她有吸引力、强势且值得尊敬，可能会影响面试官的行为，甚至可能影响面试本身的结果。

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.

Question 9. What can makeup do, according to new research from the University of Stirling?

Question 10. How did both men and women rate the faces with cosmetics in the new research?

Question 11. Why does a female candidate need to know the gender of the hiring committee members?

You may have seen advertisements trumpeting methods of changing a habit that require absolutely no willpower whatsoever.

你也许见过一些广告，大肆宣扬某些改变习惯的方法完全不需要任何意志力。

But can you really change a bad habit or create a good one without willpower?

但没有意志力，你真的能改掉一个坏习惯或养成一个好习惯吗？

To answer this question we first have to ask, what is willpower?

要回答这个问题，我们首先得问：什么是意志力？

Most people sadly think of it only as the ability to clench their teeth and resist attractive temptations.

遗憾的是，大多数人只把它看作咬紧牙关、抵挡诱人诱惑的能力。

In this view, willpower means self-denial and no fun.

按这种看法，意志力就意味着克己自律、毫无乐趣。

No wonder people hope to make changes without it.

难怪人们都希望不靠意志力就能做出改变。

I define willpower as using only the thought of your motivators to control your actions.

我对意志力的定义是：仅凭对自身动力的念想来控制自己的行为。

Let's say your motivators are prevent diabetes and reach a healthy weight.

假设你的动力是预防糖尿病和达到健康体重。

So if you are at the all-you-can-eat buffet, you think about your motivator, avoid diabetes through weight loss, and you take small portions and avoid the dessert table.

所以如果你身处自助餐厅，你就想想自己的动力——通过减重来预防糖尿病，于是你只取少量食物，并避开甜点区。

So amazingly enough, willpower begins with a thought, a bright idea, some way to improve your life or contribute to others.

所以奇妙的是，意志力始于一个念头、一个好主意，某种能改善你的生活或惠及他人的方式。

This bright idea is your motivator.

这个好主意就是你的动力。

Dr. Walter Mischel, an expert on willpower skills, uses the expressive term, a burning goal.

意志力技巧专家沃尔特·米歇尔博士用了一个生动的说法，叫做“炽热的目标”。

Whether you call it a motivator, a burning goal, or a bright idea, this idea is the force behind your willpower.

无论你把它称作动力、炽热的目标还是好主意，这个念头都是你意志力背后的力量。

What sort of bright ideas motivators make for effective willpower?

什么样的好主意或动力才能造就有效的意志力呢？

In fact, any goal that you value strongly counts.

事实上，任何你极为看重的目标都算数。

The list may include good health, self-respect, a better future for your family, personal mission, and being a role model for your child.

这些目标可能包括身体健康、自尊、给家人更美好的未来、个人使命，以及成为孩子的榜样。

All these can certainly drive a positive change.

所有这些都确实能推动一种积极的改变。

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

Question 12. What methods do some advertisements trumpet about changing a habit?

Question 13. What does the speaker define willpower as?

Question 14. What may sound amazing enough as regards willpower?

Question 15. What does the speaker say may make for effective willpower?

For many pregnant women, understanding what seafood is safe and healthy and what should be avoided because of mercury concerns comes with a lot of worrying.

对许多孕妇来说，弄清楚哪些海鲜安全又健康、哪些因汞含量问题应当避免，总是伴随着诸多担忧。

In part, that's because the federal government's advice on the matter, first issued in 2004, has long been criticized as vague.

这在一定程度上是因为联邦政府就此事发布的建议（最初于2004年颁布）长期以来一直被批评为含糊不清。

That guidance has included advice on how much seafood to eat and which species pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid over concerns about mercury contamination.

该指南包含了关于该吃多少海鲜、以及出于对汞污染的担忧孕妇和哺乳期妇女应避免哪些鱼类的建议。

But critics say the government advisory has done more harm than good, scaring many pregnant and breastfeeding women away from eating seafood altogether.

但批评者称，政府的这份建议弊大于利，把许多孕妇和哺乳期妇女吓得完全不敢吃海鲜了。

The problem is real.

这个问题确实存在。

According to a spokesman for the Food and Drug Administration, or FDA for short, the agency analyzed fish consumption data from more than 1,000 pregnant women in the U.S. and found that 21% of them ate no fish whatsoever in the previous month.

据美国食品药品监督管理局（简称FDA）的一位发言人称，该机构分析了美国1000多名孕妇的鱼类食用数据，发现其中21%的人在过去一个月里完全没有吃鱼。

And those who did eat fish consumed far less than recommended by the dietary guidelines.

而那些确实吃鱼的人，摄入量也远低于膳食指南的推荐值。

Some 50% ate less than 2 ounces a week and 75% ate less than 4 ounces.

约有50%的人每周吃鱼不足2盎司，75%的人每周吃鱼不足4盎司。

This week, the FDA issued an update to the advice, listing more than 60 species in a chart that ranks fish as a best choice, good choice, and choices to avoid.

本周，FDA发布了该建议的更新版，在一张图表中列出了60多种鱼类，把它们分为最佳选择、良好选择和应避免的选择。

The goal is to make it easier for mothers to be to feel confident about the type of seafood they include in their diets.

其目的是让准妈妈们更容易对自己饮食中所选的海鲜种类感到放心。

The new advice recommends consumers choose a variety of fish to eat, and it comes with an easy to understand illustration of what an appropriate portion size should be.

新建议推荐消费者选择多种鱼类食用，并配有一张通俗易懂的图示，说明合适的份量应该是多少。

Four ounces for an adult and two ounces for children aged 4 to 7.

成人4盎司，4至7岁的儿童2盎司。

And while expectant mothers have long been warned to stay away from shark and four other particular types of fish from the Gulf of Mexico, now there are three new species on the list of what to avoid.

虽然一直以来准妈妈们都被告诫要远离鲨鱼以及来自墨西哥湾的另外四种特定鱼类，如今应避免的清单上又新增了三个鱼种。

But not everyone is thrilled with the new advice.

但并非所有人都对这份新建议感到满意。

Critics say the new advice doesn't always agree with the agency's own scientific findings.

批评者称，这份新建议并不总是与该机构自己的科学发现相一致。

While mercury is of great concern when people are talking about pregnant women and seafood, it's not the only factor contributing to anxiety.

在人们谈论孕妇与海鲜时，汞固然备受关注，但它并不是引发焦虑的唯一因素。

The FDA maintains that its final consumption recommendations were based on thorough scientific analysis.

FDA坚称，其最终的食用建议是基于全面的科学分析得出的。

Agency spokesman Kassell says the FDA believes the recommendations will increase confidence, not uncertainty.

该机构发言人卡塞尔表示，FDA相信这些建议会增强人们的信心，而非带来更多的不确定性。

But critics disagree.

但批评者并不认同。

They think the FDA's advice is not based on the evidence in its own detailed report, and so it confuses everyone.

他们认为FDA的建议并非基于其自身详尽报告中的证据，因此让大家都感到困惑。

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the lecture you have just heard.

Question 16. What does the speaker say about the federal government's advice on seafood safety?

Question 17. What did the Food and Drug Administration do this week?

Question 18. According to the speaker, what are people concerned about regarding pregnant women and seafood?

I know you're busy with work, but you also need to take some time off to recharge those batteries.

我知道你工作很忙，但你也需要抽点时间休息一下，给自己充充电。

So, should you plan one big vacation for the year?

那么，你应该为这一年安排一次大的假期吗？

Or should you take multiple short vacations throughout?

还是应该全年分几次休短假？

Quantity can sometimes beat quality.

数量有时候能胜过质量。

First and foremost, regardless of how you use your vacation days, you need to be using them, and soon.

首先，最重要的是，无论你怎么使用你的假期，你都得把它们用起来，而且要尽快。

The longer you put off your time off, the worse you're making things for yourself.

你越是拖着不休假，对自己就越不利。

One nine-year-long study published in psychosomatic medicine suggests not taking at least one vacation a year may increase your risk of mortality due to heart disease.

一项发表在《身心医学》上、历时九年的研究表明，一年连一次假都不休，可能会增加你因心脏病而死亡的风险。

So, not only are you killing your joy, you're possibly killing yourself.

所以，你不仅是在扼杀自己的快乐，还可能是在葬送自己的生命。

Give yourself a break, folks.

各位，给自己放个假吧。

When you should take those breaks, however, depends on a few factors.

不过，你该在什么时候休假，取决于几个因素。

How many days you have available to use, what activities bring you joy, whether you have a family or not, and other variables come into play.

你有多少天假可以用、什么活动能给你带来快乐、你有没有家庭，以及其他各种因素都会起作用。

Because of that, there's no perfect formula that works for everyone, but there are still a few things everyone can try to shoot for.

正因如此，没有一个适用于所有人的完美公式，但仍有几点是每个人都可以努力争取的。

We know that, in terms of maximizing relaxation, you should aim for vacations that range somewhere between seven and eleven days long.

我们知道，就最大限度地放松而言，你应当把假期安排在七到十一天之间。

That gives you enough time to let go of your stress at work, completely loosen up, and achieve full-on calm.

这能给你足够的时间来释放工作压力、彻底放松下来，并进入完全平静的状态。

That above-mentioned study also recommends you space out your vacations evenly instead of using up all of your days at once.

上面提到的那项研究还建议你把假期均匀地分开安排，而不要一次性把所有假都用完。

Eight days might sound like a lot for someone who only gets ten days of vacation a year, but if you frame them with weekends, you can manage two evenly spaced eight-day vacations a year.

对于一年只有十天假的人来说，八天听起来可能很多，但如果你把它们和周末拼在一起，一年就能安排两次间隔均匀的八天假期。

If you have fourteen days of paid leave, that's almost three separate eight-day vacations you can use to split your year into thirds.

如果你有十四天带薪假，那差不多就是三次各八天的独立假期，你可以用它们把一年分成三段。

As tempting as it might be to use all your days to take one long summer break, your overall goal should be to achieve the perfect balance between length plus joy and frequency.

尽管把所有假都用来休一个漫长的暑假很诱人，但你的总体目标应当是在假期长度、快乐感和频率之间取得完美的平衡。

Vacation frequency is important because planning multiple breaks throughout the year means you always have something to look forward to.

休假频率很重要，因为全年安排多次假期意味着你总有值得期待的事情。

Planning things and the anticipation that comes with it tends to make us happier.

做计划以及随之而来的期待，往往会让我们更快乐。

If you only take one long vacation every year, the excitement builds much more slowly and seems so far off that it can actually lead to feelings of despair.

如果你每年只休一次长假，兴奋感积累得会慢得多，而且假期显得如此遥远，反而可能让人产生绝望的情绪。

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the lecture you have just heard.

Question 19. What does the speaker say about people not taking any vacation?

Question 20. What does the nine-year study recommend people do when planning vacations?

Question 21. Why is vacation frequency important, according to the speaker?

Autonomous cars that can take over from drivers if they are tired or distracted are being developed in Sweden.

瑞典正在研发能在驾驶员疲劳或分神时接管车辆的自动驾驶汽车。

Researchers working as part of the European Union's 77 billion euro research program are developing sensor-based systems that monitor whether a driver is distracted, anxious, or tired.

作为欧盟770亿欧元研究项目一部分的研究人员，正在研发基于传感器的系统，用来监测驾驶员是否分心、焦虑或疲劳。

If a driver is not in a fit state to be on the road, the car automatically takes control of the wheel to prevent accidents.

如果驾驶员的状态不适合上路，汽车会自动接管方向盘以防止事故发生。

Dr. Anna Anund from the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, who is leading the project, said a driver's state can be measured using a number of sensors, including heart rate monitors and eye sensors, which track where a driver's gaze is.

领导该项目的瑞典国家道路与交通研究所的安娜·阿农德博士表示，驾驶员的状态可以通过多种传感器来测量，包括心率监测器和追踪驾驶员视线方向的眼动传感器。

She said the aim was to really make sure that the transition from the driver to the vehicle is done in a safe way, so we can take into consideration the driver's state, and so we do not give control to a driver who is under pressure of fatigue, stress, anxiety, and so on.

她说，目标是要真正确保从驾驶员到车辆的控制权交接以安全的方式完成，这样我们就能把驾驶员的状态考虑进去，从而不会把控制权交给正承受疲劳、压力、焦虑等困扰的驾驶员。

According to data from the European Commission, Sweden has the safest roads in the EU, with the UK a close second.

根据欧盟委员会的数据，瑞典拥有欧盟内最安全的道路，英国紧随其后位居第二。

However, the number of road accidents in both has largely leveled out since 2010.

然而，自2010年以来，两国的交通事故数量基本上都趋于平稳。

Driver fatigue is thought to be responsible for as many as a fifth of road crashes across the EU, although there are certain times of the day when more accidents happen.

据认为，在整个欧盟范围内多达五分之一的交通事故是由驾驶员疲劳造成的，不过一天中某些时段发生的事故会更多。

At 6am, for example, drivers are said to be 20 times more likely to have an accident than at 10am.

比如说，据称在凌晨6点，驾驶员发生事故的可能性是上午10点的20倍。

While most experts agree driverless technology should help bring down accident numbers in the long term, some have questioned whether it is safe.

尽管大多数专家都认同无人驾驶技术从长远看应有助于减少事故数量，但也有人质疑它是否安全。

The researchers have said the technology they are developing is seeking to bridge the gap between level 3 on the autonomy scale, in which drivers have to be ready to take control of the car at any point, and level 4, in which driving is automated.

研究人员表示，他们正在研发的技术旨在弥合自动驾驶等级中三级与四级之间的差距：三级要求驾驶员随时准备接管车辆，而四级则实现驾驶自动化。

Daniel Ruiz, the chief executive of the UK's Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Program, Meridian, said, There is a strong debate going on about how it is possible to make a level 3 car completely safe.

英国网联与自动驾驶汽车项目Meridian的首席执行官丹尼尔·鲁伊斯说：“关于如何才能让三级汽车做到完全安全，目前存在着激烈的争论。”

Despite advances in technology, we still have some way to go in shifting public sentiment.

尽管技术不断进步，我们在转变公众情绪方面仍有一段路要走。

With an increase in attention grabbing accidents recently, drivers now view self-driving cars as less safe than they used to.

近来引人关注的事故有所增多，如今驾驶员们认为自动驾驶汽车不如以往那样安全了。

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the lecture you have just heard.

Question 22. What are researchers doing in Sweden?

Question 23. What did the researchers' project aim to do, according to Dr. Anna Anund?

Question 24. What is thought to be responsible for a fifth of road accidents across the European Union?

Question 25. Why do drivers now view self-driving cars as less safe than they used to?