2023年06月六级第2套仔细阅读 Passage 1 原文翻译及答案解析

If you're someone who has turned to snacking on junk food more in the pandemic (大流行病), you're not alone. Investigative reporter Michael Moss says processed food is engineered to hook you, not unlike alcohol, cigarettes, or other harmful substances. His 2013 book, Salt Sugar Fat, explored food companies' aggressive marketing of those products and their impact on our health. In his new book, Hooked, Moss updates the food giants' efforts to keep us eating what they serve, and how they're responding to complaints from consumers and health advocates.

如果你在大流行期间更频繁地吃起了垃圾零食，你并不孤单。调查记者迈克尔·莫斯说，加工食品是被刻意设计来让你上瘾的，这一点与酒精、香烟或其他有害物质并无二致。他 2013 年出版的《盐糖脂》一书剖析了食品公司对这些产品的激进营销及其对我们健康的影响。在新书《上钩》中，莫斯更新了食品巨头让我们持续消费其产品的种种手段，以及它们如何回应消费者与健康倡导者的批评。

Processed food is inexpensive, it's legal, and it's everywhere. Companies' advertising is cueing us to remember those products and we want those products constantly. So the food environment is one of those key things that makes food even more problematic for so many people. Memory, nostalgia (怀旧) in particular, plays a big role in the foods we crave. Soda companies discovered that if they put a soda in the hands of a child when they're at a ball game with their parents, that soda will forever be associated with that joyous moment. Later in life, when that child wants to experience a joyous moment, they're going to think of soda. Many people seek comfort in the snacks they remember from childhood.

加工食品便宜、合法，而且无处不在。企业的广告不断提示我们记住这些产品，于是我们时时刻刻都想要它们。因此，食品环境是使食品对许多人而言问题更严重的关键因素之一。记忆——尤其是怀旧——在我们所渴望的食物中扮演着重要角色。汽水公司发现，如果孩子和父母一起看球赛时手里被塞了一罐汽水，这罐汽水就会永远与那个快乐时刻联系在一起。等这个孩子长大后想重温快乐时刻，就会想到汽水。许多人从童年记忆中的零食里寻求慰藉。

Moss examines the way companies capitalize on our memories, cravings and brain chemistry to keep us snacking.

莫斯考察了企业如何利用我们的记忆、渴望和大脑化学机制，让我们不停地吃零食。

One of the reasons I came to think that some of these food products are even more powerful, more troublesome than drugs can be is memory. What we eat is all about memory. And we begin forming memories for food at a really early age. And we keep those memories for a lifetime. Knowing this, the food industry spends lots of time trying to shape the memories that we have for their products. One of the features of addiction that scientists studying drug addiction discovered back in the 1990s was that the faster a substance hits the brain, the more apt we are as a result to act impulsively. There's nothing faster than food in its ability to hit the brain. For Moss, this puts the notion of "fast food" in an entirely new light as this isn't limited to fast food chains — almost 90% of food products in grocery stores are processed foods. Everything in the industry is about speed, from manufacturing to packaging.

我之所以认为其中一些食品比毒品更强大、更麻烦，原因之一就是记忆。我们所吃的东西完全关乎记忆。我们在很小的年纪就开始形成关于食物的记忆，并且终生保留这些记忆。深知这一点的食品业花费大量精力去塑造我们对其产品的记忆。研究药物成瘾的科学家早在 20 世纪 90 年代就发现，成瘾的特征之一是：一种物质进入大脑的速度越快，我们越容易因此冲动行事。而在冲击大脑的速度上，没有什么比食物更快。对莫斯而言，这让「快餐」这一概念呈现出全新的含义，因为它并不局限于快餐连锁店——杂货店里近 90% 的食品都是加工食品。从生产到包装，这个行业的一切都关乎速度。

Overall, Moss outlines the industry's dependence on making their products inexpensive, super delicious, and incredibly convenient for consumers. Now that more and more people care about what they put in their bodies and are wanting to eat healthier, these companies are finding it really difficult to meet that new demand because of their own addiction to making these convenience foods.

总的来说，莫斯勾勒出该行业对「让产品廉价、超级美味、极其便利」的依赖。如今越来越多的人开始在意自己吃进去的东西、想要吃得更健康，而这些公司却发现很难满足这一新需求，因为它们自己已经沉溺于制造这类方便食品。