2023年06月六级第2套长篇阅读匹配原文翻译及答案

A) We're experiencing the rebirth of smallness. Farmers markets, tiny homes, and brew pubs all exemplify our love of smallness. So do charter schools, coffee shops, and local bookstores. Small is often (but not always) more affordable, healthier, and sustainable, but its finest characteristic, the one that turns charm into love, is that going small allows us to be more fully who we are.

我们正在经历「小」的复兴。农夫市集、小房子、精酿酒吧都体现了我们对小的偏爱。特许学校、咖啡馆和本地书店也是如此。小往往（但并非总是）更便宜、更健康、更可持续，但它最可贵的特质——那个把好感变成热爱的特质——在于选择「小」能让我们更充分地做自己。

B) In higher education the trend is mostly in the opposite direction: Universities with 20,000 or 30,000 students are considered "mid-sized". The nation's largest university, Arizona State University, has 80,000 students on campus and aims to enroll another 100,000 students online. At the other end of the spectrum is a handful of colleges that have fewer than a hundred students on campus and no online courses: colleges such as Sterling College, Thomas More College of Liberal Arts, and Deep Springs College. These colleges are so small that they can only be called "tiny."

在高等教育领域，趋势基本是反方向的：拥有两三万名学生的大学被视为「中等规模」。全美最大的大学亚利桑那州立大学校园内有 8 万名学生，还计划再招收 10 万名在线学生。处在另一端的是少数校园学生不足百人、且不开设在线课程的学院，比如斯特林学院、托马斯莫尔文理学院和深泉学院。这些学院小到只能被称为「微型」。

C) Tiny colleges focus not just on a young person's intellect, but on the young person as a whole. Equally important, tiny colleges ask, "How can education contribute to human flourishing and the well-being of the world?" And they shape a college experience to address that question. They replace concerns about institutional growth with attention to the growth of students as fully developed participants in their communities.

微型学院关注的不只是年轻人的智力，而是作为整体的这个年轻人。同样重要的是，微型学院会追问：「教育如何促进人的繁荣与世界的福祉？」并围绕这个问题来塑造大学体验。它们把对机构扩张的关切，替换为对学生成长为社区中健全参与者的关注。

D) I've had the privilege of teaching at three different institutions of higher learning during my career — a small liberal arts college and two mid-sized public universities. I've also been profoundly disappointed in each of these institutions, and in many of my colleagues, especially when it comes to helping students and preparing them for the many responsibilities of adulthood. Administrators focus on the business of running a university, and most faculty focus on their scholarship and teaching their discipline. Little deliberate attention is given to how students mature as individuals and social beings.

在我的职业生涯中，我有幸在三所不同的高等院校任教——一所小型文理学院和两所中等规模的公立大学。我对这三所学校以及许多同事都深感失望，尤其是在帮助学生、让他们为成年后的诸多责任做准备这一点上。管理者专注于办大学这门生意，多数教师专注于自己的学术研究和本学科教学。几乎没人刻意关注学生如何作为独立个体和社会人而成熟起来。

E) Having just retired from teaching at a public university, I'm now returning to my hometown of Flagstaff, Arizona, to establish a tiny college — Flagstaff College. I'm convinced there's a need for another type of education, one devoted to helping students come into their own and into this beautiful and troubled world. Young people need an education that will provide them with meaning, hope, courage, and passion, as well as information and skills. Large institutions, I believe, are particularly ill-suited to this type of education.

刚从一所公立大学的教职上退休，我现在要回到家乡亚利桑那州的弗拉格斯塔夫，创办一所微型学院——弗拉格斯塔夫学院。我确信人们需要另一种教育，一种致力于帮助学生成为自己、并融入这个既美好又充满问题的世界的教育。年轻人需要的教育，除了知识和技能之外，还应给予他们意义、希望、勇气与热情。我认为，大型院校尤其不适合提供这类教育。

F) There's no "best of" list when it comes to tiny colleges, at least not yet. But around the country people are creating new colleges that provide an alternative to small liberal arts colleges, large public universities, and online education.

说到微型学院，目前还没有什么「最佳榜单」。但全美各地都有人在创办新的学院，为小型文理学院、大型公立大学和在线教育提供另一种选择。

G) With only 26 students, Deep Springs is the smallest college in the country and, quite likely, the most atypical (非典型的). Located on a working cattle ranch on the California-Nevada border, Deep Springs is a private, residential, two-year college for men, committed to educating students for "a life of service to humanity." Founded by the electricity tycoon (大亨) L. L. Nunn in 1917, Deep Springs' "curriculum" revolves around academics, labor, and self-governance. In addition to their courses, students are charged with running the 155-acre ranch and overseeing the functioning of the college. Students chair both the admissions and the curriculum committees.

深泉学院只有 26 名学生，是全美最小的学院，也很可能是最非典型的一所。它坐落在加州与内华达州交界处一座仍在运营的养牛牧场上，是一所私立、寄宿、两年制的男子学院，致力于培养学生过「服务于人类的一生」。深泉学院由电力大亨 L. L. 纳恩于 1917 年创办，其「课程」围绕学术、劳动与自治展开。除了上课，学生还负责经营这片 155 英亩的牧场并监督学院运转。招生委员会和课程委员会都由学生担任主席。

H) "Living in close community with one's teachers and fellow students, and being forced to take on adult responsibilities, makes for one's growth as a person," says William Hunt, who graduated last year. "To exist for very long in a community like that, you have to get over the question of whether you're sufficiently talented or principled and get started worrying about how you can stretch yourself and your peers, how much you can manage to learn with them."

去年毕业的威廉·亨特说：「与老师和同学紧密地生活在一个共同体中，被迫承担成年人的责任，这会促进一个人的成长。」「要在这样的共同体里长久待下去，你必须越过『我是否足够有才华、足够有原则』这个问题，转而开始琢磨如何拓展自己和同伴的边界，能和他们一起学到多少东西。」

I) Sterling College, in Craftsbury Common, Vermont, is also very small — fewer than 100 students. Unlike Deep Springs, Sterling focuses its curriculum on environmental and social justice issues, but like Deep Springs it places a high value on personal responsibility and manual labor. According to its catalog, a college education at Sterling combines "rigorous academics, roll-up-your-sleeves challenges, and good old hard work."

位于佛蒙特州克拉夫茨伯里康芒的斯特林学院同样很小——学生不足 100 人。与深泉学院不同，斯特林的课程聚焦环境与社会正义议题，但和深泉一样高度重视个人责任与体力劳动。据其课程目录介绍，在斯特林接受的大学教育融合了「严格的学术训练、需要撸起袖子面对的挑战，以及地地道道的辛苦劳作」。

J) The average tuition at a small liberal-arts college is $30,000 to $40,000 a year, not including the cost of living on campus, as compared to $8,000 to $10,000 a year for tuition alone at a public university. Of the tiny colleges, only Deep Springs doesn't charge tuition or room and board; students pay only for books and the cost of traveling to and from college. If tiny schools are to become a player on the higher education scene, they will need to find a way to be truly affordable.

小型文理学院的平均学费为每年 3 万至 4 万美元，还不含在校生活费；相比之下，公立大学仅学费为每年 8000 至 1 万美元。在这些微型学院中，只有深泉学院不收学费和食宿费，学生只需承担书本费和往返学校的路费。微型学校若要在高等教育舞台上占据一席之地，就必须找到真正让人负担得起的办法。

K) Doing so may not be that difficult so long as they do not pattern themselves too closely on existing norms. We've come to believe that a good college should have many academic programs and excellent facilities, posh (豪华的) dorms, an array of athletic programs, and a world-class student activity center. Imagine a good college without a climbing wall! We also have accepted the idea that college presidents, and their many vice-presidents, should be paid like their counterparts in the business world and that higher education requires an elaborate, up-to-date technology infrastructure. All of this drives up the cost of education.

只要不过分照搬现有的模式，做到这一点也许并不那么难。我们已经习惯于认为，一所好大学应当有众多学科专业和一流设施、豪华宿舍、种类繁多的体育项目，以及世界一流的学生活动中心。想象一下一所没有攀岩墙的好大学！我们还接受了这样的观念：大学校长及其麾下众多副校长的薪酬应当向商界同行看齐，高等教育需要一套复杂而先进的技术基础设施。所有这些都推高了教育成本。

L) The "trick" to making tiny colleges affordable, if that's the right word, is simplicity. At its core, education is a human-to-human interaction. Reflecting on his own college education, President Garfield once commented that an ideal college would consist of nothing more than the legendary teacher Mark Hopkins on one end of a log and a student on the other. The economics of a tiny college, in other words, might be similar to that of a tiny house. Because it is small, a tiny house costs less to build and less to furnish, insure, and maintain. But the economic benefits of a small house don't end there. Tiny homes discourage homeowners from buying stuff that they really don't need, because there's no place to put it.

让微型学院变得负担得起的「诀窍」——如果这个词用得恰当的话——就是简单。教育的核心是人与人之间的互动。加菲尔德总统在回顾自己的大学教育时曾评论说，理想的大学不过是一根圆木，一端坐着传奇教师马克·霍普金斯，另一端坐着一名学生。换句话说，微型学院的经济学也许类似于小房子的经济学。因为小，小房子建造成本更低，装修、投保和维护的花费也更少。而小房子的经济好处还不止于此：因为没地方放，它会让屋主打消购买那些其实并不需要的东西的念头。

M) I'm a late convert to the idea of tiny colleges, and I fully understand the need for many diverse types of educational institutions. Academic research and job training are important, but tiny colleges aren't suited for either. The educational needs of a complex society are themselves complex, and no single model can meet all of these needs. But I'm now convinced there's an educational need that's now going almost completely unmet: namely, the need to help young people transition into adulthood. Tiny colleges can do this better than any other type of educational institution.

我是很晚才接受微型学院这一理念的，我也完全理解社会需要多种多样的教育机构。学术研究和职业培训都很重要，但微型学院两者都不擅长。复杂社会的教育需求本身就是复杂的，没有哪一种单一模式能满足全部需求。但我现在确信，有一项教育需求几乎完全没有被满足：即帮助年轻人过渡到成年阶段。在这件事上，微型学院比任何其他类型的教育机构都做得更好。

N) The ultimate justification for a tiny college is the conviction that each of us comes into our full humanity by close interaction with those who know and care for us, and that one of the basic purposes of higher education is social. Although we give lip service to the idea that a college education will make us better people, when all's said and done, we think of higher education primarily in economic terms. We've come to think of higher education as a means to make a living rather than make a life. We've also come to see higher education as a private good rather than a public one. Tiny colleges are not the answer to all of our educational requirements, but they're an answer to one of our most basic educational necessities: the need to produce thoughtful, engaged, and compassionate human beings.

微型学院存在的最终理由，是这样一个信念：我们每个人都是通过与了解自己、关心自己的人密切互动而成就完整人性的，而高等教育的基本目的之一就是社会性的。尽管我们嘴上认同大学教育会让我们成为更好的人，但说到底，我们主要还是从经济角度看待高等教育。我们已经把高等教育当作谋生的手段，而不是构筑人生的途径；我们也已经把高等教育视为私人物品而非公共物品。微型学院并不能解答我们全部的教育诉求，但它回应了我们最基本的教育需求之一：培养有思想、有担当、有同情心的人。