2023年06月六级第3套仔细阅读 Passage 1 原文翻译及答案解析

If you're someone who has turned to snacking on junk food more in the pandemic (大流行病), you're not alone. Investigative reporter Michael Moss says processed food is engineered to hook you, not unlike alcohol, cigarettes, or other harmful substances. His 2013 book, Salt Sugar Fat, explored food companies' aggressive marketing of those products and their impact on our health. In his new book, Hooked, Moss updates the food giants' efforts to keep us eating what they serve, and how they're responding to complaints from consumers and health advocates.

如果你是在大流行病期间更多地转向吃垃圾食品的人，你并不孤单。调查记者迈克尔·莫斯说，加工食品被设计来让你上瘾，就像酒精、香烟或其他有害物质一样。他2013年的书《盐糖脂肪》探讨了食品公司对这些产品的激进营销及其对健康的影响。在他的新书《上瘾》中，莫斯更新了食品巨头们如何努力让我们继续吃他们提供的食物，以及他们如何回应消费者和健康倡导者的投诉。

Processed food is inexpensive, it's legal, and it's everywhere. Companies' advertising is cueing us to remember those products and we want those products constantly. So the food environment is one of those key things that makes food even more problematic for so many people. Memory, nostalgia (怀旧) in particular, plays a big role in the foods we crave. Soda companies discovered that if they put a soda in the hands of a child when they're at a ball game with their parents, that soda will forever be associated with that joyous moment. Later in life, when that child wants to experience a joyous moment, they're going to think of soda. Many people seek comfort in the snacks they remember from childhood.

加工食品价格低廉，合法，而且无处不在。公司的广告暗示我们记住那些产品，我们不断想要那些产品。因此，食物环境是使食物对许多人来说更成问题的关键因素之一。记忆，尤其是怀旧，在我们渴望的食物中扮演着重要角色。苏打水公司发现，如果他们在孩子与父母一起观看球赛时将苏打水递给孩子，那么这种苏打水将永远与那个快乐时刻相关联。在生活中，当那个孩子想要体验快乐时刻时，他们会想到苏打水。许多人从他们童年记忆中的零食中寻求安慰。

Moss examines the way companies capitalize on our memories, cravings and brain chemistry to keep us snacking.

莫斯审视了公司如何利用我们的记忆、渴望和大脑化学来让我们继续吃零食。

One of the reasons I came to think that some of these food products are even more powerful, more troublesome than drugs can be is memory. What we eat is all about memory. And we begin forming memories for food at a really early age. And we keep those memories for a lifetime. Knowing this, the food industry spends lots of time trying to shape the memories that we have for their products. One of the features of addiction that scientists studying drug addiction discovered back in the 1990s was that the faster a substance hits the brain, the more apt we are as a result to act impulsively. There's nothing faster than food in its ability to hit the brain. For Moss, this puts the notion of "fast food" in an entirely new light as this isn't limited to fast food chains-almost 90% of food products in grocery stores are processed foods. Everything in the industry is about speed, from manufacturing to packaging.

我之所以认为其中一些食品甚至比毒品更强大、更麻烦的原因之一是记忆。我们所吃的食物全都关乎记忆。我们在很小的年龄就开始形成对食物的记忆。我们一生都保留着这些记忆。知道这一点，食品行业花费大量时间试图塑造我们对其产品的记忆。研究药物成瘾的科学家在20世纪90年代发现的一个成瘾特征是，一种物质越快击中大脑，我们就越容易冲动行事。没有什么比食物在击中大脑的能力上更快的了。对莫斯来说，这使“快餐”的概念焕然一新，因为这不仅限于快餐连锁店——杂货店中几乎90%的食品都是加工食品。这个行业的一切都关于速度，从制造到包装。

Overall, Moss outlines the industry's dependence on making their products inexpensive, super delicious, and incredibly convenient for consumers. Now that more and more people care about what they put in their bodies and are wanting to eat healthier, these companies are finding it really difficult to meet that new demand because of their own addiction to making these convenience foods.

总体而言，莫斯概述了该行业对制造价格低廉、超级美味且对消费者来说极其便利的产品的依赖。现在，越来越多的人关心他们摄入体内的东西并希望吃得更健康，这些公司发现自己很难满足这种新需求，因为他们自身对制作这些便利食品的成瘾。