2023年06月六级第3套长篇阅读匹配原文翻译及答案

A) We're experiencing the rebirth of smallness. Farmers markets, tiny homes, and brew pubs all exemplify our love of smallness. So do charter schools, coffee shops, and local bookstores. Small is often (but not always) more affordable, healthier, and sustainable, but its finest characteristic, the one that turns charm into love, is that going small allows us to be more fully who we are.

我们正在经历小型化的复兴。农贸市场、小型住宅和精酿酒吧都体现了我们对小型事物的热爱。特许学校、咖啡店和本地书店也是如此。小型往往（但并非总是）更实惠、更健康、更可持续，但其最美好的特质——将魅力转化为爱——在于选择小型化能让我们更充分地做自己。

B) In higher education the trend is mostly in the opposite direction: Universities with 20,000 or 30,000 students are considered "mid-sized". The nation's largest university, Arizona State University, has 80,000 students on campus and aims to enroll another 100,000 students online. At the other end of the spectrum is a handful of colleges that have fewer than a hundred students on campus and no online courses: colleges such as Sterling College, Thomas More College of Liberal Arts, and Deep Springs College. These colleges are so small that they can only be called "tiny."

在高等教育中，趋势大多相反：拥有两万或三万学生的大学被视为“中等规模”。全国最大的大学亚利桑那州立大学在校生有八万人，并计划在线招收另外十万人。在另一端，有一些学院在校生不足百人，且没有在线课程：例如斯特林学院、托马斯莫尔文理学院和深泉学院。这些学院如此之小，只能被称为“微型”。

C) Tiny colleges focus not just on a young person's intellect, but on the young person as a whole. Equally important, tiny colleges ask, "How can education contribute to human flourishing and the well-being of the world?" And they shape a college experience to address that question. They replace concerns about institutional growth with attention to the growth of students as fully developed participants in their communities.

微型学院不仅关注年轻人的智力，还关注年轻人的整体发展。同样重要的是，微型学院会问：“教育如何能促进人类的繁荣和世界的福祉？”他们塑造大学体验来回答这个问题。他们用对学生作为社区全面发展成员的成长关注，取代了对机构发展的担忧。

D) I've had the privilege of teaching at three different institutions of higher learning during my career-a small liberal arts college and two mid-sized public universities. I've also been profoundly disappointed in each of these institutions, and in many of my colleagues, especially when it comes to helping students and preparing them for the many responsibilities of adulthood. Administrators focus on the business of running a university, and most faculty focus on their scholarship and teaching their discipline. Little deliberate attention is given to how students mature as individuals and social beings.

在我的职业生涯中，我有幸在三所不同的高等教育机构任教——一所小型文理学院和两所中等规模的公立大学。我也对这些机构以及我的许多同事深感失望，尤其是在帮助学生并为他们成年后的诸多责任做准备方面。管理者专注于大学的运营事务，大多数教职员工专注于他们的学术研究和学科教学。很少有人刻意关注学生作为个体和社会成员的成熟过程。

E) Having just retired from teaching at a public university, I'm now returning to my hometown of Flagstaff, Arizona, to establish a tiny college—Flagstaff College. I'm convinced there's a need for another type of education, one devoted to helping students come into their own and into this beautiful and troubled world. Young people need an education that will provide them with meaning, hope, courage, and passion, as well as information and skills. Large institutions, I believe, are particularly ill-suited to this type of education.

刚从一所公立大学退休后，我正返回家乡亚利桑那州弗拉格斯塔夫，去创建一所微型学院——弗拉格斯塔夫学院。我相信需要另一种类型的教育，一种致力于帮助学生找到自我并进入这个美丽而充满问题的世界的教育。年轻人需要一种能提供意义、希望、勇气和激情，以及信息和技能的教育。我认为大型机构特别不适合这种类型的教育。

F) There's no "best of" list when it comes to tiny colleges, at least not yet. But around the country people are creating new colleges that provide an alternative to small liberal arts colleges, large public universities, and online education.

关于微型学院，目前还没有“最佳”榜单，至少现在还没有。但全国各地的人们正在创建新的学院，为小型文理学院、大型公立大学和在线教育提供替代选择。

G) With only 26 students, Deep Springs is the smallest college in the country and, quite likely, the most atypical (非典型的). Located on a working cattle ranch on the California-Nevada border, Deep Springs is a private, residential, two-year college for men, committed to educating students for "a life of service to humanity." Founded by the electricity tycoon (大亨) L.L. Nunn in 1917, Deep Springs "curriculum" revolved around academics, labor, and self-governance. In addition to their courses, students are charged with running the 155-acre ranch and overseeing the functioning of the college. Students chair both the admissions and the curriculum committees.

只有26名学生的深泉学院是全国最小的学院，也很可能是最非典型的。位于加利福尼亚州和内华达州交界处的一个运营中的养牛牧场，深泉学院是一所私立、寄宿制、为期两年的男子学院，致力于教育学生“为人类服务的人生”。由电力大亨L.L.努恩于1917年创立，深泉学院的“课程”围绕学术、劳动和自治展开。除了课程外，学生还负责管理155英亩的牧场并监督学院的运作。学生主持招生和课程委员会。

H) "Living in close community with one's teachers and fellow students, and being forced to take on adult responsibilities, makes for one's growth as a person," says William Hunt, who graduated last year. "To exist for very long in a community like that, you have to get over the question of whether you're sufficiently talented or principled and get started worrying about how you can stretch yourself and your peers, how much you can manage to learn with them."

“与老师和同学紧密生活在社区中，并被迫承担成人责任，这促进了个人的成长，”去年毕业的威廉·亨特说。“要在这样的社区中长期存在，你必须克服自己是否足够有才华或有原则的问题，并开始担心如何挑战自己和同伴，以及你能和他们一起学到多少。”

I) Sterling College, in Craftsbury Common, Vermont, is also very small-fewer than 100 students. Unlike Deep Springs, Sterling focuses its curriculum on environmental and social justice issues, but like Deep Springs it places a high value on personal responsibility and manual labor. According to its catalog, a college education at Sterling combines "rigorous academics, roll-up-your-sleeves challenges, and good old hard work."

位于佛蒙特州克拉夫茨伯里康芒的斯特林学院也非常小——学生不到100人。与深泉学院不同，斯特林学院的课程侧重于环境和社会正义问题，但像深泉学院一样，它高度重视个人责任和体力劳动。根据其目录，斯特林学院的大学教育结合了“严谨的学术、卷起袖子迎接的挑战和传统的辛勤工作。”

J) The average tuition at a small liberal-arts college is $30,000 to $40,000 a year, not including the cost of living on campus, as compared to $8,000 to $10,000 a year for tuition alone at a public university. Of the tiny colleges, only Deep Springs doesn't charge tuition or room and board; students pay only for books and the cost of traveling to and from college. If tiny schools are to become a player on the higher education scene, they will need to find a way to be truly affordable.

小型文理学院的平均学费为每年三万到四万美元，不包括校园生活费用，而公立大学的学费仅为每年八千到一万美元。在微型学院中，只有深泉学院不收学费或食宿费；学生只需支付书籍和往返学院的费用。如果微型学院要在高等教育领域占有一席之地，它们需要找到真正负担得起的方式。

K) Doing so may not be that difficult so long as they do not pattern themselves too closely on existing norms. We've come to believe that a good college should have many academic programs and excellent facilities, posh (豪华的) dorms, an array of athletic programs, and a world-class student activity center. Imagine a good college without a climbing wall! We also have accepted the idea that college presidents, and their many vice-presidents, should be paid like their counterparts in the business world and that higher education requires an elaborate, up-to-date technology infrastructure. All of this drives up the cost of education.

只要他们不过分模仿现有规范，这样做可能并不困难。我们逐渐相信一所好大学应该拥有许多学术项目和优秀的设施、豪华的宿舍、一系列体育项目和世界级的学生活动中心。想象一所没有攀岩墙的好大学！我们还接受了这样的观点：大学校长及其众多副校长应该像商业世界的同行一样获得报酬，高等教育需要一个精心设计、最新的技术基础设施。所有这些都推高了教育成本。

L) The "trick" to making tiny colleges affordable, if that's the right word, is simplicity. At its core, education is a human-to-human interaction. Reflecting on his own college education, President Garfield once commented that an ideal college would consist of nothing more than the legendary teacher Mark Hopkins on one end of a log and a student on the other. The economics of a tiny college, in other words, might be similar to that of a tiny house. Because it is small, a tiny house costs less to build and less to furnish, insure, and maintain. But the economic benefits of a small house don't end there. Tiny homes discourage homeowners from buying stuff that they really don't need, because there's no place to put it.

让微型学院负担得起的“诀窍”，如果这个词合适的话，就是简约。教育的核心是人与人之间的互动。回顾自己的大学教育，加菲尔德校长曾经评论说，一所理想的大学不过是在一根原木的一端坐着传奇教师马克·霍普金斯，另一端坐着一个学生。换句话说，微型学院的经济可能类似于微型住宅。由于它小，微型住宅建造成本低，装饰、保险和维护成本也低。但小型住宅的经济效益不止于此。微型住宅不鼓励业主购买他们真正不需要的东西，因为没有地方放。

M) I'm a late convert to the idea of tiny colleges, and I fully understand the need for many diverse types of educational institutions. Academic research and job training are important, but tiny colleges aren't suited for either. The educational needs of a complex society are themselves complex, and no single model can meet all of these needs. But I'm now convinced there's an educational need that's now going almost completely unmet: namely, the need to help young people transition into adulthood. Tiny colleges can do this better than any other type of educational institution.

我是微型学院理念的后来皈依者，我完全理解需要多种类型的教育机构。学术研究和职业培训很重要，但微型学院两者都不适合。复杂社会的教育需求本身就是复杂的，没有单一模式能满足所有需求。但我现在确信有一个教育需求几乎完全未得到满足：即帮助年轻人过渡到成年的需求。微型学院能比任何其他类型的教育机构更好地做到这一点。

N) The ultimate justification for a tiny college is the conviction that each of us comes into our full humanity by close interaction with those who know and care for us, and that one of the basic purposes of higher education is social. Although we give lip service to the idea that a college education will make us better people, when all's said and done, we think of higher education primarily in economic terms. We've come to think of higher education as a means to make a living rather than make a life. We've also come to see higher education as a private good rather than a public one. Tiny colleges are not the answer to all of our educational requirements, but they're an answer to one of our most basic educational necessities; the need to produce thoughtful, engaged, and compassionate human beings.

微型学院的最终理由是坚信我们每个人通过与了解和关心我们的人密切互动来达到完整的人性，而高等教育的基本目的之一是社会性的。尽管我们口头上承认大学教育会让我们成为更好的人，但归根结底，我们主要从经济角度思考高等教育。我们已将高等教育视为谋生而非生活的手段。我们还将高等教育视为私人产品而非公共产品。微型学院并非能满足我们所有教育需求的答案，但它们是对我们最基本教育需求之一的回答；即培养深思熟虑、积极参与和富有同情心的人类。