2024年12月六级第1套长篇阅读匹配原文翻译及答案

A) On a small fruit farm near the Straits of Malacca, Lim Kok Ann is down to just one tree growing kedondong, a crunchy, sour berry that Malaysians mostly use in pickles (腌菜) and salads. "It's not very well-known," says the 45-year-old, who is instead focusing on longan (龙眼) berries and pineapples, which have bigger markets. "We have to grow what is profitable," he says.

在马六甲海峡附近的一个小型水果农场，林国恩只剩下一棵种植kedondong的树，这是一种脆而酸的浆果，马来西亚人大多用于腌菜和沙拉。"它不太出名，"这位45岁的人说，他转而专注于龙眼和菠萝，这些有更大的市场。"我们必须种植有利可图的东西，"他说。

B) But less than an hour away in the Malaysian countryside, inside three giant, silver domes, scientists are trying to change the future of food. They're pushing the boundaries of what humans eat by growing and processing so-called 'alternative' crops—such as kedondong. At the headquarters of global research centre Crops For the Future (CFF) this particular under-used fruit has been turned into a sugar-free juice, high in vitamin C and getting top marks in sensory evaluations. "Anything you see here is a forgotten crop," says Sayed Azam-Ali of the abundant plants weaving through the gardens of CFF outside Malaysia's capital Kuala Lumpur.

但在马来西亚乡村不到一小时车程的地方，在三个巨大的银色穹顶内，科学家们正试图改变食品的未来。他们通过种植和加工所谓的"替代"作物来拓宽人类饮食的边界——例如kedondong。在全球研究中心Crops For the Future (CFF)的总部，这种特别未被充分利用的水果已被制成果汁，富含维生素C，并在感官评价中获得最高分。"你在这里看到的任何东西都是被遗忘的作物，"Sayed Azam-Ali说，他指的是CFF花园中缠绕的丰富植物，该中心位于马来西亚首都吉隆坡郊外。

C) Prof Azam-Ali explains that just four crops—wheat, maize, rice and soybean—provide two-thirds of the world's food supply. "We're dependent on these four," he says. "But actually there's 7,000 crops we've been farming for thousands of years. We ignore all of those." Researchers are trying to unlock the potential of these ignored crops—plants they describe as forgotten, under-used or 'alternative' as they are displaced by increasingly uniform diets fuelled by processed ingredients from the major crops.

Azam-Ali教授解释说，只有四种作物——小麦、玉米、水稻和大豆——提供了世界三分之二的食物供应。"我们依赖这四种作物，"他说。"但实际上，我们种植了数千年的作物有7000种。我们忽略了所有这些。"研究人员正试图挖掘这些被忽视作物的潜力——这些植物被描述为被遗忘的、未被充分利用的或"替代的"，因为它们被由主要作物的加工成分驱动的日益统一的饮食所取代。

D) It's a timely quest. The food sector is already responsible for nearly a third of global greenhouse gas emissions. By 2050 it estimates the world must produce 50% more food to feed the projected global population of 10 billion. Meeting this demand without contributing to climate change calls for urgent solutions.

这是一个及时的探索。食品部门已经占全球温室气体排放的近三分之一。到2050年，预计世界必须多生产50%的食物来养活预计的100亿全球人口。在不加剧气候变化的情况下满足这一需求需要紧急解决方案。

E) Forgotten crops hold key answers. By investing in neglected local plants, countries can reduce their reliance on imported crops and their carbon-heavy supply chains. Bringing back the variety of crops humans once ate also boosts food security at a time warming climates threaten existing crops. On top of that forgotten crops are among the most climate-resilient (具有气候韧性的) and nutritious, argues Azam-Ali. His summary is plain: "Dietary diversification is critical to the future of humanity."

被遗忘的作物持有关键答案。通过投资于被忽视的本地植物，各国可以减少对进口作物及其高碳供应链的依赖。恢复人类曾经食用的作物多样性，也能在气候变暖威胁现有作物时增强粮食安全。此外，Azam-Ali认为，被遗忘的作物是最具气候韧性和营养的之一。他的总结很明确："饮食多样化对人类的未来至关重要。"

F) Food security experts agree. "There is no food insecurity in the world, there is food ignorance," says Cecilia Tortajada, a senior research fellow at the Institute of Water Policy at the National University of Singapore. "Whenever we have native crops we tend to disregard them as if they were not valuable but they are," she adds.

粮食安全专家表示同意。"世界上没有食物不安全，只有食物无知，"新加坡国立大学水政策研究所的高级研究员Cecilia Tortajada说。"每当我们有本地作物时，我们往往忽视它们，好像它们没有价值，但它们确实有，"她补充道。

G) Azam-Ali knows that scepticism firsthand. He came across alternative crops in the 1980s through the work of women farmers he met in Niger. The then-PhD student remembers marvelling at the crops they grew in their backyards, without the benefits of technology, to feed their families when the big crops failed. He saw a tremendous opportunity to build alternative food systems. But "the resistance was enormous," he recalls.

Azam-Ali亲身了解这种怀疑。他在1980年代通过在尼日尔遇到的女农民的工作接触到了替代作物。这位当时的博士生记得，他惊叹于她们在后院种植的作物，没有技术的好处，却在主要作物歉收时养活了家人。他看到了建立替代食物系统的巨大机会。但"阻力巨大，"他回忆道。

H) Undeterred, he ploughed on. Project after project helped prove these crops were viable in different environments as alternatives to the staple ones. But the question of whether these crops would be marketable remained. "That's the critical thing," he says. In one of the centre's domes, food technologist Tan Xinlin uses powdered moringa (辣木) leaves in place of some wheat flour to bake a cake lower in gluten (谷胶) and higher in nutrients. Tan's job is to create recipes with these still-unfamiliar ingredients that will appeal to both local and international tastes. In recent years she has used some of the forgotten crops grown at CFF, such as moringa and bambara groundnut, to make everything from instant soup to Indian snacks. "I try to modernise forgotten crops instead of using old recipes," says Tan, who is also a trained chef. It's a strategy to appeal to the world's growing middle classes who are increasingly turning to the fast and processed food industries. It's also a way to help counter perceptions of local crops as "old or poor people's food" or as inferior "women's crops", adds Tan.

他毫不气馁，继续前进。一个又一个项目帮助证明这些作物在不同环境中作为主食作物的替代品是可行的。但这些作物是否有市场的问题仍然存在。"这是关键，"他说。在中心的一个穹顶内，食品技术专家谭欣琳使用辣木粉代替部分小麦粉，烘焙出低谷胶、高营养的蛋糕。谭的工作是创造使用这些仍然不熟悉的食谱，以吸引本地和国际口味。近年来，她使用了CFF种植的一些被遗忘的作物，如辣木和班巴拉花生，制作从速溶汤到印度小吃的各种食品。"我试图现代化被遗忘的作物，而不是使用旧食谱，"谭说，她也是一位训练有素的厨师。这是一种吸引世界不断增长的中产阶级的策略，他们越来越多地转向快餐和加工食品行业。谭补充说，这也是一种帮助抵消对本地作物作为"老人或穷人的食物"或劣等"女人的作物"的看法的方式。

I) The roots of these connotations about local foods can run deep. The bambara groundnut, a protein-rich native crop of sub-Saharan Africa that is also grown in parts of southeast Asia, can trace its marginalisation to colonial rule. "African women who grew bambara groundnut were actually punished for growing it," says Azam-Ali. "Colonial powers said you can't grow that because there's no oil. We can't get a market for it." But today the bambara murukku is one of CFF's best-reviewed foods and they are aiming to get it into grocery stores, pointing to the success of crops like quinoa to potential investors. Some 30 years ago, quinoa was virtually unheard of outside its native mountains in Bolivia and Peru. Today the nutritious grain is found on the menus of lavish restaurants across the world.

这些关于本地食物的内涵根源可能很深。班巴拉花生，一种蛋白质丰富的撒哈拉以南非洲本地作物，也在东南亚部分地区种植，其边缘化可以追溯到殖民统治。"种植班巴拉花生的非洲女性实际上因此受到惩罚，"Azam-Ali说。"殖民势力说你不能种那个，因为它没有油。我们无法为它找到市场。"但今天，班巴拉murukku是CFF评价最高的食物之一，他们正试图将其推向杂货店，向潜在投资者指出藜麦等作物的成功。大约30年前，藜麦在其本土的玻利维亚和秘鲁山区之外几乎无人知晓。今天，这种营养丰富的谷物出现在世界各地豪华餐厅的菜单上。

J) Measuring crops by nutrition instead of yield is at the heart of the forgotten foods enterprise. Ever since the "green revolution" of the 1960s, high-yielding crops have dominated modern agriculture. That was in part a crucial response to devastating famines at a time when the world needed to increase its food supply. Today "nutrition is becoming a time bomb", says Azam-Ali, as growing carbon dioxide levels strip crops of their minerals. Instead of bio-fortifying major crops we should be investing in those forgotten crops that are already more nutritious, he asserts.

以营养而非产量衡量作物是遗忘食品企业的核心。自1960年代的"绿色革命"以来，高产作物主导了现代农业。这在一定程度上是对毁灭性饥荒的关键回应，当时世界需要增加食物供应。今天，"营养正在成为定时炸弹，"Azam-Ali说，因为不断增长的二氧化碳水平剥夺了作物的矿物质。他断言，我们应该投资于那些已经更有营养的被遗忘作物，而不是生物强化主要作物。

K) In the bowels of CFF's third dome, lab manager Gomathy Sethuraman opens a window into the centre's "crown jewels", revealing vines of winged beans growing under a bright yellow light. It's one of multiple chambers where scientists are studying the impact of higher temperatures and carbon dioxide levels on the nutritional make-up of alternative crops. This research is "the game changer", says Azam-Ali, ensuring that 'future crops' are also the healthiest ones in warmer climates.

在CFF第三个穹顶的深处，实验室经理Gomathy Sethuraman打开了中心"皇冠上的明珠"的一扇窗，揭示了在明亮黄光下生长的四棱豆藤蔓。这是多个研究室之一，科学家们正在研究更高温度和二氧化碳水平对替代作物营养组成的影响。这项研究是"游戏规则改变者，"Azam-Ali说，确保'未来作物'在更温暖的气候中也是最健康的。

L) There is a growing global momentum around forgotten foods, says Danielle Nierenberg, president of Food Tank, a US-based think tank. Other than CFF, which bills itself as the world's first research centre dedicated solely to under-utilised crops, there are other key groups championing agricultural diversity including Crop Trust, Slow Food, Icrisat and Bioversity International. Add to that more middle-income consumers searching for nutritious foods and others eager to try the unprocessed foods their grandparents once ate, she says.

美国智库Food Tank的总裁Danielle Nierenberg说，关于遗忘食品的全球势头正在增长。除了自称为世界上第一个专门致力于未充分利用作物的研究中心CFF外，还有其他关键团体倡导农业多样性，包括Crop Trust、Slow Food、Icrisat和Bioversity International。再加上更多中等收入消费者寻找营养食品，以及其他渴望尝试祖父母曾经吃的未加工食品的人，她说。

M) But the rising interest in forgotten foods in some quarters is overtaken by the global spread of Western-style diets heavy in sugar, fat and processed foods in others.

但某些地区对遗忘食品的兴趣上升，被其他地区高糖、高脂肪和加工食品的西方饮食全球传播所超越。

N) A key obstacle to promoting fading local crops in Malaysia, for example, is "the obsession with imported products", says Jenifer Kuala, co-founder of a restaurant that champions locally-sourced food in an affluent suburb of Kuala Lumpur. Customers at Sitka, regarded as a pioneer in the country's small farm-to-table dining scene, still seek foreign ingredients as a "status symbol", she says.

例如，在马来西亚推广衰退本地作物的一个关键障碍是"对进口产品的痴迷，"Jenifer Kuala说，她是吉隆坡富裕郊区一家倡导本地食材餐厅的联合创始人。Sitka被视为该国小型农场到餐桌餐饮场景的先驱，其顾客仍将外国食材视为"地位象征"，她说。

O) The argument for forgotten foods feels intuitive. Some analysts say it is in fact inevitable. "Climate change is going to mean almost certainly tastes are going to be forced to change," says Tim Lang, professor of food policy at City University of London. We "have to get used to eating other crops" as yields of staple crops fall, he says.

支持遗忘食品的论点感觉是直觉性的。一些分析师说，这实际上是不可避免的。"气候变化几乎肯定意味着口味将被迫改变，"伦敦城市大学食品政策教授Tim Lang说。随着主食作物产量下降，我们"必须习惯吃其他作物，"他说。