2016年12月四级第2套仔细阅读 Passage 2 原文翻译及答案解析

You may have heard some of the fashion industry horror stories: models eating tissues or cotton balls to hold off hunger, and models collapsing from hunger-induced heart attacks just seconds after they step off the runway.

你可能听说过一些时尚界的恐怖故事：模特吃纸巾或棉球来缓解饥饿，以及模特在走下T台几秒钟后因饥饿引发的心脏病发作而昏倒。

Excessively skinny models have been a point of controversy for decades, and two researchers say a model's body mass should be a workspace health and safety issue. In an editorial released Monday in the American Journal of Public Health, Katherine Record and Bryn Austin made their case for government regulation of the fashion industry.

几十年来，过瘦的模特一直是一个争议点，两位研究人员认为，模特的体重应被视为工作场所健康和安全问题。在《美国公共卫生杂志》周一发布的一篇社论中，Katherine Record和Bryn Austin阐述了他们关于政府监管时尚行业的理由。

The average international runway model has a body mass index (BMI) under 16-low enough to indicate starvation by the World Health Organization's standard. And Record and Austin are worried not just about the models themselves, but about the vast number of girls and women their images influence.

平均国际T台模特的体重指数（BMI）低于16，根据世界卫生组织的标准，这足以表明饥饿状态。Record和Austin不仅担心模特本身，还担心她们的形象所影响的大量女孩和女性。

"Especially girls and teens", says Record. "Seventy percent of girls aged 10 to 18 report that they define perfect body image based on what they see in magazines." That's especially worrying, she says, given that anorexia (厌食症) results in more deaths than does any other mental illness, according to the National Institute of Mental Health.

"尤其是女孩和青少年，"Record说。"70%的10至18岁女孩报告说，她们根据在杂志上看到的内容来定义完美的身体形象。"她说，这尤其令人担忧，因为根据国家心理健康研究所的数据，厌食症导致的死亡人数比任何其他精神疾病都多。

It's commonly known that certain diseases are linked with occupations like lung disease in coal miners. Professional fashion models are particularly vulnerable to eating disorders resulting from occupational demands to maintain extreme thinness.

众所周知，某些疾病与职业相关，比如煤矿工人的肺病。专业时尚模特尤其容易患上因职业要求保持极端纤瘦而导致的饮食失调。

Record's suggestion is to prohibit agents from hiring models with a BMI below 18.

Record的建议是禁止经纪公司雇佣BMI低于18的模特。

In April, France passed a law setting lower limits for a model's weight. Agents and fashion houses who hire models with BMI under 18 could pay $82,000 in fines and spend up to 6 months in jail. Regulating the fashion industry in the United States won't be easy, Record says. But with the new rules in France, U.S. support could make a difference. "A designer can't survive without participating in Paris Fashion Week", she says, adding, "Our argument is that the same would be true of New York Fashion Week."

今年四月，法国通过了一项法律，设定了模特体重的下限。雇佣BMI低于18的模特的经纪公司和时装公司可能面临82,000美元的罚款和最多6个月的监禁。Record说，在美国监管时尚行业并不容易。但随着法国新规则的出台，美国的支持可能会产生影响。"一个设计师不参加巴黎时装周就无法生存，"她说，并补充道，"我们的论点是，纽约时装周也是如此。"