2017年06月四级第3套仔细阅读 Passage 2 原文翻译及答案解析

"One of the reasons I find this topic very interesting is because my mom was a smoker when I was younger," says Lindson-Hawley, who studies tobacco and health at the University of Oxford.

"我觉得这个话题非常有趣的一个原因是我小时候妈妈是个吸烟者，"在牛津大学研究烟草与健康的林德森-霍利说道。

By studying about 700 adult smokers, she found out that her mom quit the right way—by stopping abruptly and completely.

通过研究约700名成年吸烟者，她发现她妈妈戒烟的方式是正确的——突然且彻底地停止。

In her study, participants were randomly (随机地) assigned to two groups. One had to quit abruptly on a given day, going from about a pack a day to zero. The other cut down gradually over the course of two weeks. People in both groups used nicotine (尼古丁) patches before they quit, in addition to a second form of nicotine replacement, like gum or spray. They also had talk therapy with a nurse before and after quit day.

在她的研究中，参与者被随机分配到两组。一组必须在某一天突然戒烟，从每天大约一包降到零。另一组在两周内逐渐减少。两组的人在戒烟前都使用了尼古丁贴片，此外还有第二种尼古丁替代品，如口香糖或喷雾。他们在戒烟日前后还接受了护士的谈话疗法。

Six months out, more people who had quit abruptly had stuck with it—more than one-fifth of them, compared to about one-seventh in the other group. Although these numbers appear low, it is much higher than if people try without support.

六个月后，更多突然戒烟的人坚持了下来——超过五分之一，而另一组大约只有七分之一。尽管这些数字看起来低，但比人们在没有支持的情况下尝试要高得多。

And the quit rates were particularly convincing given that before the study started, most of the people had said they'd rather cut down gradually before quitting. "If you're training for a marathon, you wouldn't expect to turn up and just be able to run it. And I think people see that for smoking as well. They think,' Well, if I gradually reduce, it's like practice, '" says Lindson-Hawley. But that wasn't the case. Instead of giving people practice, the gradual reduction likely gave them cravings (瘾) and withdrawal symptoms before they even reached quit day, which could be why fewer people in that group actually made it to that point. "Regardless of your stated preference, if you're ready to quit, quitting abruptly is more effective,"says Dr. Gabriela Ferreira. "When you can quote a specific number like a fifth of the patients were able to quit, that's compelling. It gives them the encouragement, I think, to really go for it, ''Ferreira says.

而且，戒烟率尤其令人信服，考虑到在研究开始前，大多数人表示他们宁愿在戒烟前逐渐减少。'如果你在训练马拉松，你不会指望一出现就能跑完。我认为人们对吸烟也是如此。他们想，'好吧，如果我逐渐减少，就像练习一样，''林德森-霍利说。但事实并非如此。渐进式减少并没有给人们练习，反而可能在他们达到戒烟日之前就给了他们渴望（瘾）和戒断症状，这可能是为什么那组中更少的人真正达到了那个点。'无论你的既定偏好如何，如果你准备好戒烟，突然戒烟更有效，'加布里埃拉·费雷拉博士说。'当你能引用一个具体的数字，比如五分之一的患者能够戒烟，这很有说服力。我认为这给了他们鼓励，真正去尝试，'费雷拉说。

People rarely manage to quit the first time they try. But at least, she says, they can maximize the odds of success.

人们很少在第一次尝试时就成功戒烟。但至少，她说，他们可以最大化成功的机会。