2018年12月四级第2套听力原文及答案解析

News Report 1.

新闻报道1。

Rescue crews pulled a man to safety after a collapse at a construction site in Brooklyn on Tuesday.

周二，布鲁克林一建筑工地发生坍塌事故后，救援人员将一名男子救出。

The incident happened on the 400 block of Rutland Road just after 12.

事件发生在 Rutland Road 400街区，时间刚过12点。

30 p.

下午30分

m.

下午

The Fire Department of New York says the vacant 100-year-old building being pulled down partially collapsed.

纽约消防局表示，一栋正在拆除的百年老建筑部分坍塌。

A man described as a non-worker civilian was buried up to his waist in the basement.

一名被描述为非工作人员的男子在地下室被埋至腰部。

The man was collecting building materials when the first floor collapsed underneath him.

该男子在收集建筑材料时，他脚下的第一层楼坍塌。

He was trapped under a beam about 10 feet below the surface for nearly an hour and a half.

他被困在地表下约10英尺的一根横梁下近一个半小时。

The man was then taken to hospital.

该男子随后被送往医院。

Officials said he is in stable condition with non-life-threatening injuries.

官员称，他伤势稳定，无生命危险。

The building was reportedly purchased by a neighboring church in 2011.

据报道，该建筑于2011年被附近一座教堂购买。

It was the site of a 2006 fire and has remained vacant ever since.

该建筑是2006年一场火灾的现场，此后一直空置。

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

问题1和2基于你刚刚听到的新闻报道。

Question 1. What happened at a construction site in Brooklyn on Tuesday?

问题1。周二在布鲁克林的一处建筑工地发生了什么？

Question 2. What does the report say about the non-worker civilian?

问题2。报道中关于该非工作人员有何描述？

News Report 2.

新闻报道2。

Millions of people are struggling to understand their paychecks or calculate money in shops, campaigners have said.

活动人士表示，数百万人正在努力理解自己的工资单或在商店计算金钱。

Being bad at maths should no longer be seen as a badge of honor or down to genetics, according to National Numeracy, a new organization which aims to challenge the nation's negative view of the subject.

根据国家计算能力协会（一个旨在挑战国民对该学科负面看法的新组织）的说法，数学差不应再被视为荣誉勋章或归因于遗传。

Chris Humphreys, chairman of the group, said that poor maths skills can affect an individual's life, leaving them at a higher risk of being excluded from school or out of work.

该组织主席克里斯·汉弗莱斯表示，数学技能差会影响个人生活，使他们面临更高的辍学或失业风险。

Figures from a government survey published last year show that 17 million adults in England have basic maths skills that are, at best, the same as an 11-year-old, he said.

他说，去年发布的一项政府调查显示，英格兰有1700万成年人的基本数学技能最多相当于11岁儿童的水平。

Speaking at the launch of National Numeracy, Mr Humphreys said, that's a scary figure because what it means is they often can't calculate or give change.

在国家计算能力协会的启动仪式上，汉弗莱斯先生说，这是一个可怕的数字，因为这意味着他们经常无法计算或找零。

Mike Ellicock, chief executive of National Numeracy, said, we want to challenge this I can't do maths attitude that is prevalent in the UK, adding that it was vital that all primary school teachers understand key maths concepts as young children who fail to learn the basics will suffer later on.

国家计算能力协会首席执行官迈克·埃利科克说，我们想要挑战这种在英国普遍存在的'我不会数学'的态度，并补充说，所有小学教师理解关键数学概念至关重要，因为未能学习基础知识的孩子将来会受苦。

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

问题3和4基于你刚刚听到的新闻报道。

Question 3. What does the organization National Numeracy aim to do?

问题3。国家计算能力协会旨在做什么？

Question 4. What is vital according to the chief executive of National Numeracy?

问题4。根据国家计算能力协会首席执行官的说法，什么是至关重要的？

News report three

新闻报道三

The Dutch king has revealed that for more than two decades he has held down a part-time second job alongside his royal duties.

荷兰国王透露，二十多年来，他在履行王室职责的同时，一直从事一份兼职第二份工作。

King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands said that he recently ended his role as a regular guest pilot after 21 years with the national airline's fleet of now outdated aircraft.

荷兰国王威廉-亚历山大表示，他在该国航空公司的现役老旧飞机机队中担任了21年的客座飞行员后，最近结束了这一角色。

As a guest flyer, the king worked about twice a month, always as co-pilot.

作为客座飞行员，国王每月工作大约两次，总是担任副驾驶。

He will now retrain to fly the bigger Boeing 737s as the old planes are being phased out of service.

他现在将重新培训以驾驶更大的波音737飞机，因为旧飞机正在被淘汰出服务。

The 50-year-old father of three and king to 17 million Dutch citizens calls flying a hobby.

这位50岁、有三个孩子的父亲和1700万荷兰公民的国王称飞行为爱好。

It lets him leave his royal duties on the ground and fully focus on something else.

这让他能够将王室职责留在地面，全神贯注于其他事情。

You have an aircraft, passengers and crew.

你有一架飞机、乘客和机组人员。

You have responsibility for them, the king said.

你对它们负有责任，国王说。

You can't take your problems from the ground into the skies.

你不能把地面上的问题带到天空中。

You can completely change focus and concentrate on something else.

你可以完全改变焦点，专注于其他事情。

That for me is the most relaxing part of flying.

对我来说，那是飞行中最放松的部分。

Willem-Alexander said he is rarely recognized by passengers.

威廉-亚历山大说，他很少被乘客认出。

Very few people pay attention to him as he walks through the airport in his airline uniform and cap.

当他穿着航空公司的制服和帽子走过机场时，很少有人注意到他。

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

问题5到7基于你刚刚听到的新闻报道。

Question 5. What does the report say about the Dutch king?

问题5. 报道中关于荷兰国王说了什么？

Question 6. Why does the king say he likes flying?

问题6. 国王为什么说他喜欢飞行？

Question 7. What does the king say about passengers at the airport?

问题7. 国王对机场乘客说了什么？

Conversation one.

对话一。

M: Morning Miss Amino.

早上好，阿米诺小姐。

M: Welcome to our studio.

欢迎来到我们的工作室。

F: Thanks.

谢谢。

F: My pleasure.

我的荣幸。

M: Okay then.

那么好吧。

M: Let me start by asking you how old your company is.

让我首先问一下，贵公司成立多久了？

F: My grandparents started the company in 1955.

我的祖父母在1955年创立了这家公司。

M: Why did they decide to open a furniture plant in Bucharest?

他们为什么决定在布加勒斯特开设一家家具厂？

F: At the time there was a construction boom.

当时正值建筑热潮。

F: There was a great need for furniture and my grandparents saw a business opportunity.

家具需求量很大，我的祖父母看到了商机。

F: Their aim was to provide quality yet affordable wooden furniture and this goal has never changed.

他们的目标是提供优质且价格实惠的木质家具，这个目标从未改变。

M: Do you still only work with wood?

你们仍然只使用木材吗？

F: That's right.

是的。

F: It's what we know and what we do best.

这是我们所熟知且最擅长的领域。

F: If we started trying different materials our quality would probably suffer.

如果我们开始尝试不同的材料，我们的质量可能会下降。

M: And all the wood is local?

所有的木材都是本地的吗？

F: Correct.

正确。

F: A hundred percent of our raw material comes from Romania.

我们100%的原材料来自罗马尼亚。

M: Could you please outline how the company has grown over time?

请概述一下公司是如何随着时间成长的？

M: What have been the main challenges and opportunities that you have faced?

你们面临的主要挑战和机遇是什么？

F: Well back in the 50s and 60s Romania was a lot poorer than it is today.

在50年代和60年代，罗马尼亚比现在贫穷得多。

F: My grandfather and father did not have much capital and our customers didn't have much money either.

我的祖父和父亲没有太多资本，我们的客户也没有太多钱。

F: So that limited growth.

因此增长受到限制。

F: The big change was in 2007 when Romania joined the European Union.

重大变化发生在2007年，当时罗马尼亚加入了欧盟。

F: Suddenly our market exploded in size and we could now sell our products all across the continent.

突然间，我们的市场规模急剧扩大，现在我们可以将产品销售到整个欧洲大陆。

F: There was also more financial investment and as a result we went from having 20 employees to 200.

还有更多的财务投资，结果我们从拥有20名员工增加到200名。

M: Which countries are your biggest market?

哪些国家是你们最大的市场？

F: Besides Romania our biggest market is Germany.

除了罗马尼亚，我们最大的市场是德国。

F: There is strong demand there for our traditional style of furniture.

那里对我们传统风格的家具有强烈需求。

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

问题8到11基于你刚才听到的对话。

Question 8. Why did Samino's grandparents start a furniture plant in Bucharest?

问题8. 萨米诺的祖父母为什么在布加勒斯特开设一家家具厂？

Question 9. What was Samino's grandfather trying to do?

问题9. 萨米诺的祖父试图做什么？

Question 10. What does Samino say about her company's raw materials?

问题10. 萨米诺对她公司的原材料说了什么？

Question 11. Where does Samino's company sell their products?

问题11. 萨米诺的公司在哪些地方销售他们的产品？

Conversation 2.

对话二。

M: Have you heard about the new restaurant The Pearl?

你听说过新餐厅The Pearl吗？

M: Susan and I are going to try it out this weekend.

Susan和我这个周末打算去试试。

M: We have a reservation on Saturday at 7 o'clock.

我们预订了周六七点的位子。

M: I can call to add two more to the table if you'd like.

如果你愿意，我可以打电话再多加两个位子。

F: That sounds great.

听起来太棒了。

F: We'd love to join you.

我们很乐意加入你们。

F: You always seem to know the best places to go.

你似乎总是知道最好的去处。

F: Where do you hear about these things?

你从哪里听说这些事情的？

M: I have a habit of reading 614 magazine.

我有阅读614杂志的习惯。

M: It has all the information on local events within the 614 call and code area.

它提供614电话区号和代码区域内所有本地活动的信息。

F: That's a clever name for the magazine then.

那么这个杂志的名字很巧妙。

F: Does it only focus on new restaurant openings?

它只关注新餐厅开业吗？

M: They have other information too.

他们也有其他信息。

M: Things like concerts, festivals and small shops.

比如音乐会、节日和小商店。

M: I think the restaurant information and reviews are the most exciting though.

不过我认为餐厅信息和评论是最令人兴奋的。

M: Each year they also sponsor a local event called Restaurant Week.

每年他们还会赞助一个名为Restaurant Week的本地活动。

F: Restaurant Week?

Restaurant Week？

F: What's that?

那是什么？

M: Oh, it's wonderful.

哦，它非常棒。

M: All the stylish restaurants participate.

所有时尚餐厅都参与。

M: They have special set menus for the week, usually in spring, at a number of different price points.

他们在那一周提供特别套餐，通常在春天，有多个不同价位。

M: Susan and I go to at least three different places during the event.

Susan和我在活动期间至少会去三个不同的地方。

M: It's a great opportunity to try some of the more expensive restaurants at a discounted price and try something new.

这是一个以折扣价尝试一些更昂贵餐厅并尝试新东西的好机会。

M: That's how we found The Pearl actually.

实际上我们就是这样发现The Pearl的。

F: Wow, that's an event I would be interested in.

哇，那是一个我会感兴趣的活动。

F: When will it be happening this year?

今年它什么时候举行？

M: You're in luck.

你运气真好。

M: Restaurant Week starts in just a few days, the first Sunday in May.

Restaurant Week几天后就开始，在五月的第一个星期日。

M: Let's make sure to set a double date during the event.

我们确保在活动期间安排一次双人约会。

M: Just let me know what type of food you would like to try.

告诉我你想尝试哪种类型的食物。

F: Okay, I will.

好的，我会的。

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

问题12到15基于你刚刚听到的对话。

Question 12. What does the man invite the woman to do this weekend?

问题12。男士邀请女士这个周末做什么？

Question 13. What does the man say about 614 Magazine?

问题13。男士对614杂志说了什么？

Question 14. What does the man usually do with Susan during Restaurant Week?

问题14。男士在Restaurant Week期间通常和Susan做什么？

Question 15. Why does the man say the woman is in luck?

问题15。为什么男士说女士运气好？

Passage one.

第一篇。

All parents know it is difficult to get children to eat their vegetables.

所有父母都知道，让孩子吃蔬菜是困难的。

Some of them offer rewards or treats for children finishing their share.

有些父母会提供奖励或零食作为孩子吃完蔬菜的奖励。

But researchers have discovered that youngsters who are not praised for trying vegetables are more likely to eat them eventually.

但研究人员发现，那些在尝试蔬菜时没有得到表扬的年轻人最终更有可能吃蔬菜。

The study found that the best way to get children to eat food they do not like is simply to give them repeated exposure to it.

研究发现，让孩子吃他们不喜欢的食物的最好方法就是反复让他们接触。

A psychologist from Ghent University in Belgium studied 98 children.

比利时根特大学的一位心理学家研究了98名儿童。

They gave them five kinds of vegetables to eat.

他们给孩子们五种蔬菜吃。

Mushrooms, peas, eggplants, carrots, and cabbages.

蘑菇、豌豆、茄子、胡萝卜和卷心菜。

The taste tests revealed that carrots were the least liked vegetable among youngsters.

味觉测试显示，胡萝卜是年轻人中最不受欢迎的蔬菜。

The children were then given a bowl of boiled carrots and told to choose how much to eat.

然后，孩子们被给了一碗煮胡萝卜，并被告知选择吃多少。

After eight minutes, they were asked to rate the dish as delicious, just okay, or disgusting.

八分钟后，他们被要求评价这道菜是美味、一般还是难吃。

The trial went on twice a week for a month, with a follow-up taste test after eight weeks.

试验持续一个月，每周两次，八周后进行后续味觉测试。

Children were split into three groups, with one group asked to try the bowl of carrots repeatedly with no further encouragement.

儿童被分为三组，一组被要求反复尝试那碗胡萝卜，没有额外鼓励。

The other two groups were given rewards of a toy or verbal praise.

另外两组被给予玩具或口头表扬作为奖励。

After the trial, 81% of children who simply tried the carrots consistently liked them.

试验结束后，81%的仅仅尝试胡萝卜的儿童一直喜欢它们。

This is in contrast to 68% for the group given a toy and 75% for the group given verbal praise.

这与获得玩具组的68%和获得口头表扬组的75%形成对比。

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题16至18基于你刚才听到的篇章。

Question 16. What is the best way to get children to eat vegetables according to a recent study?

问题16。根据最近的一项研究，让孩子吃蔬菜的最佳方法是什么？

Question 17. What did the researchers find about carrots?

问题17。研究人员关于胡萝卜发现了什么？

Question 18. What does the result of this research show?

问题18。这项研究的结果显示了什么？

Passage 2.

篇章2。

One thing about the moon many people don't know is that it has a lot of garbage on its surface, left over from human space exploration.

关于月球，许多人不知道的一点是，其表面有大量的垃圾，这些垃圾是人类太空探索的遗留物。

But how much garbage exactly have humans left on the moon?

但人类究竟在月球上留下了多少垃圾呢？

It's hard to be accurate, but the trash likely weighs more than 181,000 kilograms on Earth.

很难精确计算，但这些垃圾在地球上可能重达181,000公斤以上。

Much of it was left by American astronauts, who landed on the moon in the mid -1980s.

其中大部分是美国宇航员留下的，他们在20世纪80年代中期登陆月球。

The other rubbish comes from missions that did not have human crews.

其他垃圾来自没有载人任务的太空任务。

These missions were conducted by various space exploring agencies, including those from the U.

这些任务由多个太空探索机构执行，包括来自U.

S.

S.

, Russia, Japan, India, and Europe.

、俄罗斯、日本、印度和欧洲。

Many of the older pieces are equipment sent to learn about the moon.

许多较旧的碎片是送去了解月球的设备。

The equipment stayed there after the moon was launched.

设备在月球发射后留在了那里。

The moon is also home to lunar orbiters that mapped the moon before they crashed into its surface, adding to the garbage heap.

月球也是月球轨道飞行器的家，这些飞行器在坠毁到月球表面前绘制了月球地图，从而增加了垃圾堆。

The objects left by the Apollo astronauts included equipment that was no longer needed.

阿波罗宇航员留下的物品包括不再需要的设备。

Bringing back unneeded equipment would have used up precious resources such as fuel.

带回不需要的设备会消耗宝贵资源，如燃料。

But as the saying goes, one person's trash is another's treasure.

但正如俗话所说，一个人的垃圾是另一个人的宝贝。

Researchers can study the garbage left on the moon to see how its materials weathered the radiation and vacuum of space over time.

研究人员可以研究月球上留下的垃圾，以了解其材料如何经受太空辐射和真空的长期侵蚀。

Moreover, some of the objects on the moon are still being used, including a laser range reflector left by the Apollo 11 crew.

此外，月球上的一些物品仍在使用，包括阿波罗11号机组留下的激光测距反射器。

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题19至21基于你刚才听到的篇章。

Question 19. What does the passage say may be unknown to many people?

问题19. 篇章说可能对许多人未知的是什么？

Question 20. Why has a lot of equipment been left on the moon?

问题20. 为什么许多设备被留在了月球上？

Question 21. What can researchers do with the garbage on the moon?

问题21. 研究人员可以如何处理月球上的垃圾？

Passage 3.

段落3。

In my line of work, I receive a lot of emails.

在我的工作中，我收到很多电子邮件。

I also send a lot of emails.

我也发送很多电子邮件。

Though social media and messaging apps have taken over some of the roles from email as a form of communication, email is likely to retain an important role for business communication in the future.

尽管社交媒体和即时通讯应用已经取代了电子邮件作为沟通形式的部分角色，但电子邮件很可能在未来商业沟通中保留重要角色。

Surprisingly though, a lot of companies and organizations lack formal guidelines for emailing.

但令人惊讶的是，许多公司和组织缺乏正式的电子邮件指南。

As most of you will soon be entering the workforce, I would like to share with you my own rules for emailing.

由于你们大多数人即将进入职场，我想与你们分享我个人的电子邮件规则。

If someone sends you an email, reply to them acknowledging the email.

如果有人给你发电子邮件，回复他们确认收到邮件。

A simple thank you lets the sender know that their email has arrived safely, that it has not been lost among what could be 50 other emails that have arrived in your email inbox that day.

一句简单的谢谢可以让发送者知道他们的邮件已安全到达，没有在当天可能到达你收件箱的50封其他邮件中丢失。

It's not necessary to reply to a mass email sent to numerous recipients.

没有必要回复发送给众多收件人的群发邮件。

These emails are often informative rather than personalized correspondence requiring a response or action, but it's common politeness to respond to a personal message, preferably within 24 hours of receiving it.

这些邮件通常是信息性的，而不是需要回复或行动的个性化通信，但回复个人消息是基本礼貌，最好在收到后24小时内回复。

It's also important to use proper English.

使用正确的英语也很重要。

Just because emails are a quick form of communication doesn't mean emails, especially business emails, should be written using informal shortened forms of words.

电子邮件是一种快速的沟通形式，但这并不意味着电子邮件，尤其是商务邮件，应该使用非正式的缩写形式书写。

Think of an email as a letter.

将电子邮件视为一封信。

Spelling, grammar, and punctuation should not be overlooked and never use capitals to emphasize a word or words in an email.

拼写、语法和标点不应被忽视，切勿在电子邮件中使用大写字母来强调一个或多个词。

It's the same as yelling.

这等同于大喊大叫。

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题22至25基于你刚才听到的段落。

Question 22. What does the passage say about email?

问题22. 段落中关于电子邮件说了什么？

Question 23. What should one do upon receiving a personalized email?

问题23. 收到个性化邮件时应该做什么？

Question 24. What does the passage say about a mass email?

问题24. 段落中关于群发邮件说了什么？

Question 25. What should one do when writing a business email?

问题25. 写商务邮件时应该做什么？