2019年06月四级第1套听力原文及答案解析

News Report 1.

新闻报道一。

A nine-year-old Central California boy braved strong currents and cold water to swim from San Francisco to Alcatraz Island and back.

一名来自加利福尼亚州中部的九岁男孩，顶着强水流和冰冷的海水，从旧金山游到恶魔岛并成功返回。

A California television station in Fresno reported Tuesday that James Savage set a record as the youngest swimmer to make the journey to the former prison.

弗雷斯诺的一家加州电视台周二报道称，詹姆斯·萨维奇创下了作为完成通往这座前监狱之旅的最年轻游泳者的记录。

The TV station reported that by completing the swim, the fourth-grade student from Los Baños broke a record previously held by a 10-year-old boy.

该电视台报道，这位来自洛斯巴尼奥斯的四年级学生完成此次游泳，打破了此前由一名10岁男孩保持的记录。

James said that waves in the San Francisco Bay hitting him in the face 30 minutes into his swim made him want to give up.

詹姆斯说，在游泳开始30分钟后，旧金山湾的海浪拍打到他脸上，这让他当时想要放弃。

His father said he had offered his son $100 as a reward.

他的父亲说，他曾提出给儿子100美元作为奖励。

To encourage his struggling son, he doubled it to $200.

为了鼓励挣扎中的儿子，他将奖金增加了一倍，变为200美元。

James pushed forward, making it to Alcatraz Island and back in a little more than two hours.

詹姆斯坚持向前，用两个多小时游到了恶魔岛并返回。

Alcatraz is over a mile from the mainland.

恶魔岛距离大陆超过一英里。

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

问题1和问题2基于你刚刚听到的新闻报道。

Question 1. What did the boy from Central California do according to the report?

问题1. 根据报道，这名来自加利福尼亚州中部的男孩做了什么？

Question 2. What did the father do to encourage his son?

问题2. 父亲是如何鼓励他的儿子的？

News report 2.

新闻报道2。

On the 1st of January, new regulations will come into effect which eliminate an annual leave bonus for people who put off marrying until the age of 23 for women and 25 for men, the South China Morning Post reports.

1月1日，新规定将生效，取消对女性年满23岁、男性年满25岁推迟结婚者的年假奖金，《南华早报》报道。

The holiday bonus was designed to encourage young people to delay getting married in line with China's one-child policy.

假期奖金旨在鼓励年轻人推迟结婚，以符合中国的独生子女政策。

But with that policy now being abolished, this holiday incentive is no longer necessary, the government says.

但政府表示，随着该政策现已废除，这种假期激励不再必要。

In Shanghai, a young couple at a marriage registration office told the paper that they decided to register their marriage as soon as possible to take advantage of the existing policy, because an extra holiday was a big deal for them.

在上海，一对年轻夫妇在婚姻登记处告诉该报，他们决定尽快登记结婚以利用现有政策，因为额外假期对他们来说很重要。

In Beijing, one registration office had about 300 couples seeking to get married the day after the changes were announced, rather than the usual number of between 70 and 80.

在北京，一家登记处在政策变化宣布后的第二天有大约300对夫妇寻求结婚，而通常数量在70到80对之间。

But one lawyer tells the paper that the changes still have to be adopted by local governments and these procedures take time, so people who are rushing to register for marriage can relax.

但一位律师告诉该报，这些变化仍需地方政府采纳，这些程序需要时间，因此急于登记结婚的人可以放松。

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

问题3和4基于您刚才听到的新闻报道。

Question 3. What was the purpose of the annual leave bonus in China?

问题3。中国年假奖金的目的是什么？

Question 4. What do we learn about the new regulations?

问题4。关于新规定，我们了解到什么？

News report 3.

新闻报道3。

Everyone loves a good house party, but the cleaning up the next morning isn't as enjoyable.

每个人都喜欢一个好的家庭派对，但第二天早上的清理工作就没那么愉快了。

Now, however, a New Zealand-based startup company aims to bring messy homes, and even splitting headaches, back to normal.

然而现在，一家新西兰的初创公司旨在将凌乱的家庭，甚至剧烈的头痛，恢复正常。

The properly named startup Morning After Maids was launched about a month ago in Auckland by roommates Rebecca Foley and Catherine Ashurst.

这家名称恰如其分的初创公司Morning After Maids大约一个月前在奥克兰由室友Rebecca Foley和Catherine Ashurst推出。

Aside from cleaning up, the two will also cook breakfast and even get coffee and painkillers for recovering merrymakers.

除了清理，两人还会做早餐，甚至为恢复中的狂欢者提供咖啡和止痛药。

Although they are both gainfully employed, they fit cleaning jobs into their nights and weekends, which is when their service is in most demand anyway.

尽管她们都有全职工作，但她们将清洁工作安排在晚上和周末，而这正是她们服务需求最大的时候。

Besides being flooded with requests from across the country, Foley and Ashurst have also received requests from the U.

除了收到全国各地的大量请求外，Foley和Ashurst还收到了来自美国的请求。

S.

S

and Canada to provide services there.

和加拿大

They are reportedly meeting with lawyers to see how best to take the business forward.

据报道，她们正在与律师会面，以探讨如何最好地推进这项业务。

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

问题5到7基于你刚才听到的新闻报道。

Question 5. What is the news report mainly about?

问题5：新闻报道主要关于什么？

Question 6. What is a common problem with a house party?

问题6：家庭派对的一个常见问题是什么？

Question 7. What are Rebecca Foley and Catherine Ashurst planning to do?

问题7：Rebecca Foley和Catherine Ashurst计划做什么？

Conversation 1.

对话一。

F: Kyle, how did your driver's theory exam go?

凯尔，你的驾照理论考试怎么样？

F: It was yesterday, right?

是昨天，对吧？

M: Yes, I prepared as much as I could, but I was so nervous since it was my second try.

是的，我尽力准备了，但因为这是第二次尝试，我非常紧张。

M: The people who worked at the test center were very kind though.

不过，考试中心的工作人员非常友善。

M: We had a little conversation which calmed me down a bit, and that was just what I needed.

我们聊了几句，让我稍微平静了一些，这正是我需要的。

M: Then, after the exam, they printed out my result, but I was afraid to open it until I was outside.

然后，考试后，他们打印出了我的成绩，但我直到外面才敢打开。

M: It was such a relief to pass.

通过考试真是太令人欣慰了。

F: Congratulations.

恭喜。

F: I knew you could do it.

我知道你能做到。

F: I guess you underestimated how difficult it would be the first time, didn't you?

我猜你第一次低估了它的难度，对吧？

F: I hear a lot of people make that mistake and go in underprepared, but good job in passing the second time.

我听说很多人犯那个错误，准备不足就去考试，但你第二次通过了，做得好。

F: I'm so proud of you.

我为你感到骄傲。

F: Now, all you have to do next is your road test.

现在，你接下来要做的就是路考。

F: Have you had any lessons yet?

你上过课了吗？

M: Yes, thanks.

是的，谢谢。

M: I'm so happy to be actually on the road now.

我很高兴现在实际上已经上路了。

M: I've only had two driving lessons so far, and my instructor is very understanding.

到目前为止，我只上了两节驾驶课，我的教练非常善解人意。

M: So, I'm really enjoying it, and I can't wait for my next session, although the lessons are rather expensive.

所以，我真的很享受，我迫不及待地等待下一节课，尽管课程相当昂贵。

M: Twenty pounds an hour, and the instructor says I'll need about thirty to forty lessons in total.

每小时二十英镑，教练说我总共需要大约三十到四十节课。

M: That's what, six to eight hundred pounds.

那是多少，六百到八百英镑。

M: So, this time, I'll need to make a lot more effort, and hopefully will be successful the first time.

所以，这次，我需要更加努力，希望第一次就能成功。

F: Well, good luck.

好吧，祝你好运。

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

问题8到11基于你刚刚听到的对话。

Question 8. What did the man do yesterday?

问题8。昨天男人做了什么？

Question 9. Why did he fail the exam the first time?

问题9。他第一次为什么考试失败了？

Question 10. What does the man say about his driving lessons?

问题10。男人关于他的驾驶课说了什么？

Question 11. What does the man hope to do next?

问题11。男人希望接下来做什么？

Conversation two.

对话二。

M: Emma, I got accepted to the University of Leeds.

艾玛，我被利兹大学录取了。

M: Since you're going to university in England, do you know how much it is for international students to study there?

既然你要去英格兰上大学，你知道国际学生在那里学习要花多少钱吗？

F: Congratulations.

恭喜。

F: Yes, I believe for international students, you'll have to pay around thirteen thousand pounds a year.

是的，我认为国际学生每年需要支付大约一万三千英镑。

F: It's just a bit more than the students.

这只比本地学生多一点。

M: Okay, so that's about seventeen thousand dollars for the tuition and fees.

好的，那么学费和杂费大约是一万七千美元。

M: Anyway, I'm only going to be there for a year, doing my masters, so it's pretty good.

反正，我只会在那里待一年，攻读硕士学位，所以这相当不错。

M: If I stayed in the US, it'd take two years and cost at least fifty thousand dollars in tuition alone.

如果我留在美国，至少需要两年时间，光学费就要花至少五万美元。

M: Also, I've a good chance of winning a scholarship at Leeds, which would be pretty awesome.

而且，我在利兹大学很有可能获得奖学金，那将非常棒。

F: The benefits of being a music genius.

作为音乐天才的好处。

F: Yeah, I heard you're a talented piano player.

是的，我听说你是个有才华的钢琴演奏者。

M: So you're doing a postgraduate degree now?

那么你现在在攻读研究生学位吗？

F: I'm still in my last year, graduating next June.

我还在读最后一年，明年六月毕业。

F: Finally, I'll be done with my studies and could go on to earning loads of money.

最终，我将完成学业，然后可以去赚很多钱。

M: Are you still planning on being a teacher?

你仍然计划当老师吗？

M: No money in that job then.

那么那份工作没什么钱。

F: You'd be surprised.

你会感到惊讶的。

F: I'm still going to be a teacher, but the plan is to work at an international school overseas after I get a year or so of experience in England.

我仍然会当老师，但计划是在英格兰获得一年左右的经验后，在海外的国际学校工作。

F: It's better pay and I get to travel, which reminds me I'm late for my class and I've got some documents I need to print out first.

薪水更高，而且我还能去旅行，这提醒我上课要迟到了，我得先打印一些文件。

F: I'd better run.

我得赶紧走了。

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

第12至15题基于你刚才听到的对话。

Question 12. What does the man want to know?

问题12：男士想知道什么？

Question 13. What is the man going to do?

问题13：男士打算做什么？

Question 14. What might qualify the man for a scholarship at Leeds University?

问题14：什么可能使男士有资格获得利兹大学的奖学金？

Question 15. What is the woman planning to do after graduation?

问题15：女士毕业后计划做什么？

Passage one.

第一篇短文。

Scientists have identified thousands of known ant species around the world and only a few of them bug humans.

科学家们已在全球范围内识别出数千种已知蚂蚁物种，只有少数会骚扰人类。

Most ants live in the woods or out in nature.

大多数蚂蚁生活在树林或自然环境中。

There, they keep other creatures in check, distribute seeds, and clean dead and decaying materials from the ground.

在那里，它们控制其他生物的数量，传播种子，并从地面上清除死亡和腐烂的物质。

A very small percentage of ants do harm to humans, but those are incredibly challenging to control.

极少数蚂蚁对人类有害，但这些蚂蚁极难控制。

They are small enough to easily slip inside your house, live in colonies that number in the tens of thousands to the hundreds of thousands, and reproduce quickly.

它们体型小，轻易就能溜进你的房子，生活在数万到数十万的群体中，并且繁殖迅速。

That makes them good at getting in and hard to kick out.

这使得它们擅长进入和难以驱逐。

Once they settle in, these insects start affecting your home.

一旦它们定居下来，这些昆虫就开始影响你的家。

In addition to biting ants, other species can cause different kinds of damage.

除了会咬人的蚂蚁外，其他物种可能造成不同类型的损害。

Some, like carpenter ants, can undermine a home's structure, while others interfere with electrical units.

有些蚂蚁，如木蚁，可能破坏房屋结构，而其他蚂蚁则干扰电气设备。

Unfortunately, our homes are very attractive to ants because they provide everything the colony needs to survive, such as food, water, and shelter.

不幸的是，我们的家对蚂蚁非常有吸引力，因为它们提供了群体生存所需的一切，如食物、水和庇护所。

So how can we prevent ants from getting into our homes?

那么，我们如何防止蚂蚁进入我们的家呢？

Most important of all, avoid giving ants any access to food, particularly sugary food, because ants have a sweet tooth.

最重要的是，避免让蚂蚁接触到任何食物，尤其是含糖食物，因为蚂蚁喜欢甜食。

We also need to clean up spills as soon as they occur, and store food in airtight containers.

我们还需要在溢出物发生时立即清理，并将食物储存在密封容器中。

Even garbage attracts ants, so empty your trash as often as possible, and store your outside garbage in a lidded can, well away from doors and windows.

即使垃圾也会吸引蚂蚁，所以尽可能频繁地清空垃圾桶，并将室外垃圾存放在有盖的罐子里，远离门窗。

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题16至18基于你刚才听到的短文。

Question 16. What does the passage say about ants?

问题16。短文关于蚂蚁说了什么？

Question 17. What do we learn from the passage about carpenter ants?

问题17。我们从短文中了解到关于木蚁的什么信息？

Question 18. What can we do to prevent ants from getting into our homes?

问题18。我们可以做什么来防止蚂蚁进入我们的家？

Passage 2.

第二篇

My research focus is on what happens to our immune system as we age.

我的研究重点是免疫系统随年龄增长发生的变化。

So the job of the immune system is to fight infections.

免疫系统的工作是抵御感染。

It also protects us from viruses and from autoimmune diseases.

它还能保护我们免受病毒和自身免疫疾病的侵害。

We know that as we get older, it's easier for us to get infections.

我们知道，随着年龄增长，人们更容易受到感染。

So older adults have more chances of falling ill.

因此老年人患病的几率更高。

This is evidence that our immune system really doesn't function so well when we age.

这证明我们的免疫系统在衰老时确实功能下降。

In most of our work, when we're looking at older adults who've got an illness, we always have to have health controls.

在我们的大部分工作中，当我们研究患病老年人时，总是需要设立健康对照组。

So we work very closely with a great group of volunteers called the 1000 Elders.

因此我们与一个名为'千位长者'的优秀志愿者团队紧密合作。

These volunteers are all 65 or over, but in good health.

这些志愿者都年满65岁，但身体健康状况良好。

They come to the university to provide us with blood samples to be interviewed, and to help us carry out a whole range of research.

他们来大学提供血液样本、接受访谈，并协助我们开展一系列研究工作。

The real impact of our research is going to be on health in old age.

我们研究的真正影响将体现在老年健康领域。

At the moment, we're living much longer.

目前，人类的寿命正显著延长。

Life expectancy is increasing at two years for every decade.

预期寿命每十年增加两年。

That means an extra five hours a day.

这意味着每天多出五小时寿命。

I want to make sure that older adults are still able to enjoy their old age, and that they're not spending time in hospital with infections, feeling unwell, and being generally weak.

我希望确保老年人仍能享受晚年生活，而非因感染而住院、感到不适或整体虚弱。

We want people to be healthy, even when they are old.

我们希望人们即使年老也能保持健康。

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

第19至21题基于你刚才听到的短文。

Question 19. What is the focus of the speaker's research?

问题19：说话者的研究重点是什么？

Question 20. What are the volunteers asked to do in the research?

问题20：研究中要求志愿者做什么？

Question 21. What does the speaker say will be the impact of his research?

问题21：说话者提到他的研究将产生什么影响？

Passage 3.

第三篇。

When Ted Komada started teaching 14 years ago at Killip Elementary, he didn't know how to manage a classroom, and was struggling to connect with students.

当泰德·科马达14年前开始在基利普小学教书时，他不知道如何管理课堂，并且很难与学生建立联系。

He noticed a couple of days after school that a group of kids would get together to play chess.

他注意到放学后几天，一群孩子会聚在一起下棋。

I know how to play chess.

我会下棋。

Let me go and show these kids how to do it, he said.

让我去教这些孩子怎么做，他说。

Now, Komada coaches the school's chess team.

现在，科马达是学校国际象棋队的教练。

The whole program started as a safe place for kids to come after school.

整个项目始于一个让孩子们放学后安全的场所。

And this week, dozens of those students are getting ready to head out to Nashville, Tennessee, to compete with about 5,000 other young people at the Super Nationals of Chess.

本周，数十名这些学生正准备前往田纳西州纳什维尔，参加国际象棋超级全国赛，与大约5,000名其他年轻人竞争。

The competition only happens every four years, and the last time the team went, they won the third place in the nation.

这项比赛每四年举行一次，上次队伍参赛时，他们赢得了全国第三名。

Komada says chess gives him and his students control.

科马达说，国际象棋给了他和学生们控制力。

The school has the highest number of kids from low-income families.

这所学校有最多的来自低收入家庭的孩子。

Police frequent the area day and night, as two months ago a young man was shot just down the street.

警察日夜频繁出现在该地区，因为两个月前一个年轻人就在街的另一头被枪杀。

Komada likes to teach his students that they should think about their move before they do it.

科马达喜欢教导他的学生，在行动前应该思考。

The lessons prove valuable outside the classroom as well.

这些课程在课堂外也被证明是有价值的。

Many parents see these lessons translate into the real world.

许多家长看到这些课程转化为现实世界中的经验。

Students are more likely to think about their actions and see whether they will lead to trouble.

学生们更有可能思考他们的行为，并考虑是否会导致麻烦。

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题22至25基于你刚刚听到的段落。

Question 22. What did Ted Komada notice one day after he started teaching at Killip Elementary?

问题22. 泰德·科马达在基利普小学开始教书后的一天注意到了什么？

Question 23. What are dozens of students from Komada's school going to do this week?

问题23. 科马达学校的数十名学生本周将要做什么？

Question 24. What do we learn about the students of Killip Elementary?

问题24. 我们对基利普小学的学生有什么了解？

Question 25. What have the students learned from Komada?

问题25. 学生们从科马达那里学到了什么？