2019年12月四级第3套长篇阅读匹配原文翻译及答案

A) Getting around a city is one thing—and then there's the matter of getting from one city to another. One vision of the perfect city of the future is a place that offers easy access to air travel. In 2011, a University of North Carolina business professor named John Kasarda published a book called Aerotropolis: The Way We'll Live Next. Kasarda says future cities should be built intentionally around or near airports. The idea, as he has put it, is to offer businesses 'rapid, long-distance connectivity on a massive scale.'

在城市中穿梭是一回事——而从一座城市前往另一座城市则是另一回事。未来完美城市的一个愿景是能够轻松便捷地通往航空旅行。2011年，北卡罗来纳大学的一位名叫约翰·卡萨达的商科教授出版了一本名为《航空都市：我们未来的生活方式》的著作。卡萨达认为，未来的城市应刻意围绕或邻近机场而建。正如他所言，其核心理念是为企业提供“大规模、快速、远距离的连接能力。

B) 'The 18th century really was a waterborne century, the 19th century a rail century, the 20th century a highway, car, truck century—and the 21st century will increasingly be an aviation century, as the globe becomes increasingly connected by air,' Kasarda says. Songdo, a city built from scratch in South Korea, is one of Kasarda's prime examples. It has existed for just a few years. 'From the outset, it was designed on the basis of connectivity and competitiveness,' says Kasarda. 'The government built the bridge directly from the airport to the Songdo International Business District. And the surface infrastructure was built at the same time as the new airport.'

“18世纪确实是水上运输的世纪，19世纪是铁路世纪，20世纪是公路、汽车、卡车世纪——而随着全球通过航空连接日益紧密，21世纪将越来越多地成为航空世纪，”卡萨达说道。韩国从零开始建造的城市松岛，是卡萨达引用的主要例证之一。它仅存在了几年时间。“从一开始就基于连接性和竞争力进行设计，”卡萨达说。“政府修建了从机场直通松岛国际商务区的桥梁。地表基础设施与新机场同步建设。”

C) Songdo is a stone's throw from South Korea's Incheon Airport, its main international hub. But it takes a lot more than a nearby airport to be a city of the future. Just building a place as an 'international business district' doesn't mean it will become one. Park Yeon Soo conceived this city of the future back in 1986. He considers Songdo his baby. Park sees himself as a visionary. Thirty years after he imagined the city, Park's baby is close to 70 percent built, with 36,000 people living in the business district and 90,000 residents in greater Songdo. It's about an hour outside Seoul, built on former tidal flats along the Yellow Sea. There's a Coast Guard building and a tall trade tower, as well as a park, golf course, and university.

松岛与韩国的主要国际枢纽仁川机场仅一箭之遥。但要成为一座未来之城，仅靠临近机场远远不够。仅仅将一个地方建设为“国际商务区”，并不意味着它真的会成为那样的区域。朴妍秀在1986年就构想了这座未来之城。他视松岛为自己的心血之作。朴妍秀将自己视为有远见者。在他构想这座城市三十年后，朴妍秀的“孩子”已接近70%完工，商务区居住着3.6万人，大松岛地区则有9万居民。它位于首尔郊外约一小时车程处，建在黄海沿岸昔日的潮汐滩涂上。那里有海岸警卫队大楼、高耸的贸易塔楼，以及一座公园、高尔夫球场和一所大学。

D) Chances are you've actually seen this place. Songdo appears in the most famous music video ever to come out of South Korea. 'Gangnam Style' refers to the fashionable Gangnam district in Seoul. But some of the video was filmed in Songdo. 'I don't know if you remember, there was a scene in a subway station. That was not Gangnam. That was actually Songdo,' says Jung Won Son, a professor of urban development at London's Bartlett School of Planning. 'Part of the reason to shoot there is that it's new and nice.'

你很可能实际上见过这个地方。松岛出现在韩国迄今最著名的音乐视频中。《江南Style》指的是首尔时尚的江南区。但该视频的部分场景是在松岛拍摄的。“我不知道你是否还记得，有一个地铁站里的场景。那不是江南，那实际上是松岛，”伦敦大学学院巴特利特规划学院城市发展教授郑元善说，“部分拍摄原因在于它崭新且美观。”

E) The city was supposed to be a hub for global companies, with employees from all over the world. But that's not how it has turned out. Songdo's reputation is as a futuristic ghost town. But the reality is more complicated. A bridge with big, light-blue loops leads into the business district. In the center of the main road, there's a long line of flags of the world. On the corner, there's a Starbucks and a 7-Eleven—all of the international brands that you see all over the world nowadays.

这座城市本应成为全球公司的枢纽，汇聚来自世界各地的员工。但事实并非如此。松岛以其作为未来主义“鬼城”而闻名。然而现实更为复杂。一座有着巨大浅蓝色环状结构的桥梁通往商务区。主路中央，有一长排世界国旗。街角处有一家星巴克和一家7-Eleven——都是如今世界各地随处可见的国际品牌。

F) The city is not empty. There are mothers pushing baby carriages, old women with walkers—even in the middle of the day, when it's 90 degrees out. Byun Young-Jin chairs the Songdo real estate association and started selling property here when the first phase of the city opened in 2005. He says demand has boomed in the past couple of years. Most of his clients are Korean. In fact, the developer says, 99 percent of the homes here are sold to Koreans. Young families move here because the schools are great. And that's the problem: Songdo has become a popular Korean city—more popular as a residential area than a business one. It's not yet the futuristic international business hub that planners imagined. 'It's a great place to live. And it's becoming a great place to work,' says Scott Summers, vice president of Gale International, the developer of the city. The floor-to-ceiling windows of his company's offices overlook Songdo Central Park, with a canal full of small boats and people fishing. Shimmering glass towers line the canal's edge.

这座城市并非空无一人。有推着婴儿车的母亲，有用助行器的老年妇女——即使在一天中最热、气温高达华氏90度的中午时分也是如此。卞英镇是松岛房地产协会主席，并于2005年城市一期开放时就开始在此销售房产。他说，过去几年需求激增。他的大多数客户是韩国人。事实上，开发商表示，这里99%的住宅都卖给了韩国人。年轻家庭搬到这里是因为学校质量优异。而这正是问题所在：松岛已成为一座受欢迎的韩国城市——作为居住区比商务区更受青睐。它尚未成为规划者所设想的那个未来主义国际商务枢纽。“这里是一个极佳的居住地，并且正在成为一个极佳的工作地，”开发商盖尔国际的副总裁斯科特·萨默斯说。他公司的落地窗俯瞰着松岛中央公园，公园里的运河上满是小船和垂钓的人。闪闪发光的玻璃幕墙大楼沿着运河边缘排列。

G) 'What's happened is that our focus on creating that quality of life first has enabled the residents to live here,' Summers says. But there needs to be strong economic incentives for companies to locate here. The city is still unfinished, and it feels a bit like a theme park. It doesn't feel all that futuristic. There's a high-tech underground trash disposal system. Buildings are environmentally friendly. Everybody's television set is connected to a system that streams personalized language or exercise classes.

“事实是，我们优先创造生活品质的做法，使得居民得以在此居住，”萨默斯说。但还需要有强有力的经济激励措施来吸引公司落户于此。这座城市仍未完工，感觉有点像一个主题公园。它感觉并没有那么未来主义。这里有一个高科技的地下垃圾处理系统。建筑都符合环保标准。每家的电视机都连接到一个可以播放个性化语言或健身课程的系统。

H) But this is not Star Trek. And to some of the residents, Songdo feels hollow. 'I'm, like, in prison for weekdays. That's what we call it in the workplace,' says a woman in her 20s. She doesn't want to use her name for fear of being fired from her job. She goes back to Seoul every weekend. 'I say I'm prison-breaking on Friday nights.' But she has to make the prison break in her own car. There's no high-speed train connecting Songdo to Seoul, just over 20 miles away.

但这不是《星际迷航》。对一些居民来说，松岛感觉很空洞。“我就像在监狱里度过工作日。我们在工作场所就这么称呼它，”一位20多岁的女士说道。她因害怕被解雇而不愿透露姓名。她每个周末都回首尔。“我说我周五晚上在‘越狱’。”但她必须自己开车“越狱”。这里没有连接松岛与仅20多英里外首尔的高速列车。

I) Park Yeon Soo, the man who first imagined Songdo, feels frustrated, too. He says he built South Korea a luxury vehicle, 'like Mercedes or BMW. It's a good car now. But we're waiting for a good driver to accelerate.' But there are lots of other good cars out there, too. The world is dotted with futuristic, high-tech cities trying to attract the biggest international companies.

最初构想松岛的朴妍秀也感到沮丧。他说，他为韩国打造了一辆豪车，“就像梅赛德斯或宝马。现在它是一辆好车了。但我们在等待一位好司机来加速。”然而，世界上还有很多其他的好车。全球各地遍布着试图吸引最大国际公司的未来主义高科技城市。

J) Songdo's backers contend that it's still early, and business space is filling up—about 70 percent of finished offices are now occupied. Brent Ryan, who teaches urban design at MIT, says Songdo proves a universal principle. 'There have been a lot of utopian cities in history. And the reason we don't know about a lot of them is that they have vanished entirely.' In other words, when it comes to cities—or anything else—it is hard to predict the future.

松岛的支持者认为，现在下结论还为时过早，商业空间正在被填满——约70%已完工的办公室已被占用。在麻省理工学院教授城市设计的布伦特·瑞安表示，松岛证明了一个普遍原则。“历史上出现过许多乌托邦式的城市。我们不知道其中很多的原因是它们已经完全消失了。”换句话说，当涉及到城市——或任何其他事物时——很难预测未来。