2019年12月四级第3套仔细阅读 Passage 1 原文翻译及答案解析

The fifth-largest city in the US passed a significant soda tax proposal that will levy (征税) 1.5 cents per liquid ounce on distributors. Philadelphia's new measure was approved by a 13 to 4 city council vote. It sets a new bar for similar initiatives across the country. It is proof that taxes on sugary drinks can gain substantial support outside super-liberal areas. Until now, the only city to successfully pass and implement a soda tax was Berkeley, California, in 2014.

美国第五大城市通过了一项重要的汽水税提案，将对分销商每液体盎司征收1.5美分的税。费城的新措施以13比4的市议会投票获得批准。这为全国类似倡议设立了新标准。这证明了含糖饮料税可以在超级自由派地区之外获得广泛支持。直到2014年，唯一成功通过并实施汽水税的城市是加利福尼亚州的伯克利。

The tax will apply to regular and diet sodas, as well as other drinks with added sugar, such as Gatorade and iced teas. It's expected to raise $410 million over the next five years, most of which will go toward funding a universal pre-kindergarten program for the city.

该税将适用于普通和低糖汽水，以及其他添加糖的饮料，如佳得乐和冰茶。预计未来五年将筹集4.1亿美元，其中大部分将用于资助该市的普及学前教育计划。

While the city council vote was met with applause inside the council room, opponents to the measure, including soda lobbyists, made sharp criticisms and a promise to challenge the tax in court.

尽管市议会投票在会议室内获得掌声，但该措施的反对者，包括汽水游说者，提出了尖锐批评，并承诺将在法庭上挑战这项税收。

"The tax passed today unfairly singles out beverages—including low- and no-calorie choices," said Lauren Kane, spokeswoman for the American Beverage Association. "But most importantly, it is against the law. So we will side with the majority of the people of Philadelphia who oppose this tax and take legal action to stop it."

“今天通过的税收不公平地针对饮料——包括低热量和无热量选择，”美国饮料协会发言人劳伦·凯恩说。“但最重要的是，它违反了法律。因此，我们将站在反对这项税收的费城大多数人一边，并采取法律行动来阻止它。”

An industry-backed anti-tax campaign has spent at least $4 million on advertisements. The ads criticized the measure, characterizing it as a "grocery tax."

一项由行业支持的反税收运动已在广告上花费了至少400万美元。广告批评该措施，将其描述为“杂货税”。

Public health groups applauded the approved tax as a step toward fixing certain lasting health issues that plague Americans. "The move to recapture a small part of the profits from an industry that pushes a product that contributes to diabetes, obesity, and heart disease in poorer communities in order to reinvest in those communities will surely be inspirational to many other places," said Jim Krieger, executive director of Healthy Food America. "Indeed, we are already hearing from some of them. It's not 'just Berkeley' anymore."

公共卫生团体赞扬批准的税收是朝着解决困扰美国人的某些持久健康问题迈出的一步。“这项行动旨在从推动在较贫困社区导致糖尿病、肥胖症和心脏病的产品的行业中收回一小部分利润，并将其重新投资于这些社区，这无疑将对许多其他地方具有启发性，”健康食品美国执行董事吉姆·克里格说。“事实上，我们已经收到一些地方的消息。现在不再‘只是伯克利’了。”

Similar measures in California's Albany, Oakland, San Francisco, and Colorado's Boulder are becoming hot-button issues. Health advocacy groups have hinted that even more might be coming.

加利福尼亚州的奥尔巴尼、奥克兰、旧金山和科罗拉多州的博尔德的类似措施正成为热点问题。健康倡导团体暗示可能会有更多措施出台。