2020年09月四级第1套听力原文及答案解析

News Report 1.

新闻报道一。

In this section, you'll hear three news reports.

在本节中，你将听到三则新闻报道。

A NASA satellite orbiting over Portugal took photographs that reveal the effects of pollution from ships.

一颗在葡萄牙上空轨道运行的NASA卫星拍摄的照片揭示了船舶污染的影响。

One of the photos shows a thin film of clouds above the brilliant blue of the North Atlantic, cut by white lines of thicker clouds that look like scars.

其中一张照片显示，在北大西洋的湛蓝上空有一层薄云，被更厚云层的白色线条切割，看起来像疤痕。

NASA officials explained those thicker clouds are signs of ship traffic below.

NASA官员解释说，那些更厚的云层是下方船舶交通的迹象。

When ships power their way through the ocean, they pump exhaust into the atmosphere, just as cars do, and those massive amounts of particles can cause clouds to form.

当船舶在海洋中行进时，它们会向大气排放废气，就像汽车一样，而那些大量的颗粒物可能导致云层形成。

Get enough of those particles in one place, as from the exhaust of a ship, and they can lead to the creation of new clouds easily visible from space.

如果足够多的颗粒物聚集在一个地方，比如来自船舶的废气，它们就能轻易地从太空中看到新云层的形成。

These clouds can be huge.

这些云层可能非常庞大。

Some of them stretch hundreds of kilometres from end to end, NASA officials said.

NASA官员表示，其中一些云层从头到尾延伸数百公里。

It's likely that these sorts of clouds are having some effect on the global climate, according to NASA officials, but scientists aren't yet sure what effect it has.

据NASA官员称，这类云层很可能对全球气候产生一定影响，但科学家们尚不确定其具体影响是什么。

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

问题1和2基于你刚刚听到的新闻报道。

Question 1. What has caused the thick clouds in the photos taken by a NASA satellite?

问题1. NASA卫星拍摄的照片中的厚云层是由什么引起的？

Question 2. What do NASA officials think about the thick clouds?

问题2. NASA官员对厚云层有何看法？

News Report 2.

新闻报道2。

Staff at a suburban supermarket in Melbourne say they feel unsafe to work after security guards were removed.

墨尔本一家郊区超市的员工表示，在保安被撤除后，他们感到工作不安全。

This came after a series of physical attacks and verbal abuse by customers.

这发生在一系列顾客的身体攻击和言语辱骂之后。

More than 50 workers at the store have signed a letter calling for a permanent security guard following a series of incidents, including a customer threatening to attack a supervisor with a knife.

在包括一名顾客威胁用刀攻击主管在内的一系列事件后，该店的50多名工人签署了一封信，呼吁设立永久保安。

A security worker had guards at the store each night from 7pm until 12am, but that had stopped suddenly on Monday, employees said.

员工表示，一名保安工作人员此前每晚7点至12点在商店安排保安，但周一突然停止。

One worker said an angry customer had thrown a chicken at his head after complaining about how long she had waited to be served.

一名工人说，一位愤怒的顾客在抱怨等待服务时间太长后，将一只鸡扔向了他的头部。

Another worker said the lack of protection at the store made her feel uncomfortable at work.

另一名工人表示，商店缺乏保护让她在工作时感到不舒服。

However, a spokesman of the supermarket said the store had taken strong action in response to incidents.

然而，超市的一位发言人表示，商店已采取强有力的行动应对事件。

We have found very few instances of bad customer behaviour at our store in the past year.

在过去一年中，我们商店很少发现顾客不良行为的实例。

In the rare cases we have seen bad behaviour, we have taken strong action in response, including banning a customer from the store.

在罕见的不良行为案例中，我们已采取强有力的行动应对，包括禁止顾客进入商店。

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

问题3和4基于你刚刚听到的新闻报道。

Question 3. For what purpose did the staff at a supermarket in Melbourne sign a letter?

问题3。墨尔本一家超市的员工签署信件的目的是什么？

Question 4. What did the spokesman of the supermarket say regarding the employees' demand?

问题4。超市发言人对员工的诉求说了什么？

News Report 3.

新闻报道3。

Drivers on their way to the Polish capital of Warsaw on Wednesday morning found the road blocked by an unusual obstacle.

周三早晨前往波兰首都华沙的司机们发现道路被一个不寻常的障碍物阻挡。

Tons of liquid chocolate that spilled onto the motorway.

数吨液体巧克力洒在了高速公路上。

A truck carrying the sweet load hit a road barrier and overturned, blocking two lanes.

一辆载着甜蜜货物的卡车撞上路障后翻车，阻塞了两条车道。

The cracked tank spilled a pool of rapidly hardening chocolate, which quickly covered the width of the road.

破裂的油箱洒出了一滩迅速凝固的巧克力，很快覆盖了整个道路宽度。

While the driver was taken to hospital with a broken arm, firefighters struggled to remove a reported 12 tons of solid chocolate from the road.

司机手臂骨折被送往医院，与此同时，消防员努力从道路上清除据称12吨的固体巧克力。

A representative for the firefighters told the local TV that removing the chocolate was worse than dealing with snow.

消防员代表告诉当地电视台，清除巧克力比处理积雪更困难。

After contacting the chocolate manufacturer, the firefighters resorted to spraying hot, pressurized water to get rid of the sticky substance.

在联系巧克力制造商后，消防员采用喷洒加压热水来清除这种粘性物质。

The local TV also noted that the cleanup spanned more than a mile, because drivers simply drove through the chocolate after the crash, leaving a long chocolate trail.

当地电视台还指出，清理工作跨越了超过一英里，因为事故后司机们直接从巧克力上开过，留下了一条长长的巧克力痕迹。

But despite the sticky situation, firefighters and police attending to the cleanup were reportedly cheerful about the long task ahead.

但尽管面临粘稠的困境，据报道，参与清理工作的消防员和警察对即将到来的漫长任务持乐观态度。

After all, who could be mad about 12 tons of chocolate?

毕竟，谁能对12吨巧克力生气呢？

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

第5至第7题基于你刚才听到的新闻报道。

Question 5. What did drivers on the motorway to Warsaw find?

第5题。前往华沙的高速公路上，司机们发现了什么？

Question 6. What does the report say about the accident?

第6题。报告中关于事故说了什么？

Question 7. What did the firefighters' representative tell the local TV?

第7题。消防员代表告诉当地电视台了什么？

Conversation 1.

对话1。

M: Lisa, why did you pay for your meal with cash instead of the payment apps on your phone?

丽莎，你为什么用现金支付餐费，而不是用手机上的支付应用？

F: Well, I've gone back to cash.

嗯，我又开始用现金了。

F: I'm only using payment apps if that's the only option.

我只在没有其他选择时才使用支付应用。

F: I'm trying to save money for a new phone, and I find that using cash rather than payment apps helps me to save.

我正在努力存钱买新手机，我发现用现金而不是支付应用有助于我存钱。

M: But how?

但怎么做到呢？

M: Money is money, isn't it?

钱就是钱，不是吗？

M: I don't think it matters whether you take it out of the bank and put it in your wallet or simply transfer it from your bank account to the seller's bank account using an app.

我认为无论你是从银行取出现金放入钱包，还是用应用从银行账户转账到卖家的银行账户，都没有区别。

F: No, I believe it does matter.

不，我认为这很重要。

F: It's a psychological phenomenon.

这是一种心理现象。

F: I believe we have less connection with the value of our money when we just tap the Approve buttons on our phones.

我认为当我们只是轻点手机上的批准按钮时，我们与金钱价值的联系更少。

M: You might have a point.

你可能说得有道理。

M: Since I stopped carrying cash around and started using my phone apps to pay, I may have developed a tendency to buy more small or non-essential items.

自从我停止携带现金并开始使用手机应用支付以来，我可能养成了购买更多小型或非必需品的倾向。

F: That's highly possible.

这很有可能。

F: Think about the amount of time we spend with our phones in our hands and all the things we do with our phones.

想想我们花在手握手机上的时间以及我们用手机做的所有事情。

F: It sometimes seems that our phone is buying the product for us, not ourselves.

有时候看起来是手机在为我们购买产品，而不是我们自己。

M: So cashless payment affects our ability to budget?

所以无现金支付影响了我们的预算能力？

F: I believe so.

我相信是的。

F: If we spend 100 yuan in cash, we realize that we don't have that 100 yuan to spend on something else.

如果我们用现金花费100元，我们会意识到我们没有那100元可以花在其他东西上。

F: But if we're spending electronically, we are less likely to make that mental calculation.

但如果我们进行电子支付，我们不太可能进行这种心理计算。

M: I stopped using my credit card because I found I was spending excessively.

我停止使用信用卡，因为我发现自己花费过度。

M: Perhaps I should take the same approach of paying using my phone.

也许我应该采取同样的方式，用手机支付。

F: It's worth considering.

这值得考虑。

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

问题8到11基于你刚刚听到的对话。

Question 8. Why did the woman decide to go back to cash for payment?

问题8。这位女士为什么决定回归用现金支付？

Question 9. What happens when people use apps for payment according to the woman?

问题9。根据这位女士，当人们使用应用支付时会发生什么？

Question 10. What might the man tend to buy with payment apps?

问题10。这位男士可能倾向于用支付应用购买什么？

Question 11. What does the man think of electronic payment?

问题11。这位男士对电子支付有什么看法？

Conversation 2.

对话2。

F: Hello, Mr.

你好，先生。

F: Brown.

布朗。

F: I was expecting your call.

我一直在等您的电话。

F: My secretary told me you were having some problems with the wooden table.

我的秘书告诉我您在木桌方面遇到了一些问题。

F: Is that right?

是这样吗？

M: No, no.

不，不是。

M: The table is fine.

桌子没问题。

M: The problem is the chairs.

问题出在椅子上。

F: Oh, the chairs.

哦，是椅子啊。

F: So what exactly is the issue?

那么具体是什么问题呢？

M: Well, put simply, these are not the chairs my wife and I selected in your store last week.

嗯，简单来说，这些不是我和妻子上周在你们店里挑选的椅子。

M: There must have been some confusion with our order.

我们的订单肯定有些混淆。

F: Oh, I see.

哦，我明白了。

F: I'm looking through my files now and I see that the delivery was this morning.

我现在正在查看文件，看到送货是今天早上。

F: Is that correct?

对吗？

M: Yes.

是的。

F: Do you mind describing the chairs that were delivered to your apartment, Mr.

您介意描述一下送到您公寓的椅子吗，先生。

F: Brown?

布朗？

M: Sure.

当然。

M: These have a flat back with a rounded top and are very heavy.

这些椅子背面平坦，顶部圆润，而且很重。

M: They're light brown and look kind of cheap.

它们是浅棕色的，看起来有点廉价。

M: The ones we ordered were dark brown to match the table.

我们订购的是深棕色的，以匹配桌子。

F: Right, of course.

对，当然。

F: It says here you purchased an Arlington table and four Milano chairs.

这里显示您购买了一张Arlington桌子和四把Milano椅子。

F: As you said, there must have been some confusion with the order.

正如您所说，订单肯定有些混淆。

F: I'm terribly sorry.

我非常抱歉。

F: We will send a van to collect those four and replace them with the Milano you purchased.

我们将派一辆货车去取回那四把，并用您购买的Milano椅子替换。

F: Will tomorrow, 9am, be okay, Mr.

明天上午9点可以吗，先生。

F: Brown?

布朗？

M: Yes, that would be great.

是的，那太好了。

M: Thank you.

谢谢您。

F: Good.

好的。

F: Did everything else you ordered from us arrive okay?

您从我们这里订购的其他所有东西都到了吗？

M: Yes, I think so.

是的，我想是的。

M: Let me check.

让我检查一下。

M: The mirror and two paintings are here.

镜子和两幅画在这里。

M: The two coffee tables are also here, and the sofa.

两张咖啡桌也在这里，还有沙发。

M: Yes, we haven't noticed anything else wrong or missing, but if we do, we will certainly let you know.

是的，我们没有注意到其他错误或缺失，但如果有，我们一定会让您知道。

F: Okay, great.

好的，很好。

F: Once again, I'm sorry for the confusion and trouble caused.

再次，我对因此造成的混乱和麻烦表示歉意。

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

第12至15题基于你刚刚听到的对话。

Question 12. Why did Mr. Brown call the furniture store?

第12题。布朗先生为什么打电话给家具店？

Question 13. What did the woman ask Mr. Brown to do?

第13题。那位女士让布朗先生做什么？

Question 14. What would the store do to solve the problem?

第14题。商店将如何解决这个问题？

Question 15. What did the woman do at the end of the conversation?

第15题。对话结束时那位女士做了什么？

Passage 1.

短文1。

Do you have too much stuff?

你的东西太多了吗？

Are you, dare we say it, untidy?

我们敢说，你不太整洁吗？

Say hello to a TV show called Tidying Up with Marie Kondo, a home improvement show based on her wildly popular book, The Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up.

向一档名为《与近藤麻理惠一起整理》的电视节目问好吧，这是一档家居改进节目，基于她广受欢迎的书籍《怦然心动的人生整理魔法》。

In the show, Marie Kondo acts as a tiny garbage fairy for messy people, visiting houses to share the wisdom of the KonMari method.

在节目中，近藤麻理惠就像一个为杂乱人群服务的小仙子，拜访各家分享近藤麻理惠方法的智慧。

This method is simple in theory, but can be endlessly complex in practice.

这个方法在理论上简单，但在实践中可能无限复杂。

You divide all the stuff in your house, all of it, into several categories, and then examine each item, all of them, to see if it sparks joy.

你将家里所有物品，所有物品，分成几类，然后检查每件物品，所有物品，看它是否能激发喜悦。

If it does, you keep it.

如果能，你就保留它。

If it doesn't, you thank it and neatly discard it.

如果不能，你就感谢它并整齐地丢弃它。

So, is the TV show inspiring people to tidy up?

那么，这个电视节目是否激励人们整理呢？

First-hand accounts seem to indicate a small wave of people bringing piles of donation bags to used goods stores.

第一手资料似乎表明，有一小波人带着成堆的捐赠袋去二手商品店。

One store received thousands of bags of used possessions in one day.

一家店在一天内收到了数千袋二手物品。

January is usually the store's slow season for donations, because it's cold and people don't want to bother.

一月通常是该店捐赠的淡季，因为天气冷，人们不想麻烦。

But not this January.

但今年一月不是这样。

People seem determined to clean up their homes.

人们似乎下定决心要清理他们的家。

One used books store received a month's worth of books in donations in a week, when a man gave over 50 boxes of books from his home.

一家二手书店在一周内收到了相当于一个月捐赠量的书籍，当时一名男子从家中捐赠了超过50箱书。

It seems Marie's TV show is having a big impact after all.

看来近藤的电视节目终究产生了巨大影响。

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题16至18基于你刚刚听到的短文。

Question 16. What is Marie Kondo's TV show about?

问题16. 近藤麻理惠的电视节目是关于什么的？

Question 17. What things can be kept in one's home, according to Marie Kondo?

问题17. 根据近藤麻理惠，家里可以保留哪些物品？

Question 18. What do we learn about one used bookstore this January?

问题18. 我们了解到今年一月一家二手书店的什么情况？

Passage 2.

段落2。

At just 12 years old, Mike Hannon is making a difference in his community.

年仅12岁的迈克·汉农正在他的社区中发挥作用。

One lunch at a time.

一次一顿午餐。

Mike's Lunches of Love has fed more than 2,000 of the town's most vulnerable residents.

迈克的‘爱心午餐’已经为该镇超过2000名最脆弱的居民提供了食物。

Mike delivers meals to the homeless.

迈克为无家可归者送餐。

It's like a way to give people joy, maybe spark something in them that can change them, Mike told WBZ-TV.

迈克告诉WBZ电视台，‘这就像是一种给予人们快乐的方式，也许能激发他们内心的某些东西，从而改变他们。’

The mayor of Mike's town feels that Mike is a great community leader, especially in such times of so much negative news, while his father commented on how proud he was of his son.

迈克所在镇的市长认为迈克是一位伟大的社区领袖，尤其是在负面新闻如此之多的时期，而他的父亲则表示为儿子感到非常自豪。

Yet, Mike isn't looking for praise, but kindness in return.

然而，迈克并不寻求赞美，而是希望得到善意的回报。

He hopes his acts of charity will influence others to spread positive actions in their own towns.

他希望自己的慈善行为能影响他人，在自己的城镇中传播积极行动。

Mike includes a handwritten message of joy on each bag.

迈克在每个袋子上附上一段手写的快乐信息。

His message and star power has spread all over the country.

他的信息和明星影响力已经传遍全国。

To date, his online page to raise funds has brought in more than $44,000 and counting, raising more than $17,000 in just one day with the help of many famous actors and others.

迄今为止，他的在线筹款页面已经筹集了超过44,000美元，并且还在增加，在许多著名演员和其他人的帮助下，仅一天就筹集了超过17,000美元。

People from all over the country are sending special handcrafted bags to help the young man with his mission to help those in need.

全国各地的人们正在发送特制的手工袋，以帮助这位年轻人完成他帮助有需要的人的使命。

Many are hoping the simple act of kindness spreads.

许多人希望这种简单的善举能够传播开来。

Mike is seen as hope for the future of the town, the country, and the world.

迈克被视为该镇、国家和世界未来的希望。

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题19到21基于你刚刚听到的段落。

Question 19. What does Mike Hannon do to help people in his town?

问题19. 迈克·汉农做了什么来帮助他镇上的人？

Question 20. What does Mike hope others will do?

问题20. 迈克希望其他人做什么？

Question 21. How are people all over the country responding to what Mike is doing?

问题21. 全国各地的人们对迈克的所作所为有何反应？

Passage 3.

段落3。

In a recent study carried out by psychologists on the disruptive effects of smartphones, two groups of college students were given word search puzzles.

在心理学家最近进行的一项关于智能手机破坏性影响的研究中，两组大学生被给予了字谜游戏。

The first group was told to complete the puzzles with its participants' smartphones in their line of sight.

第一组被要求在其参与者的智能手机处于视线范围内的情况下完成字谜游戏。

The second group, however, was told that the phones would interfere with the equipment in the experiment and would need to be moved away from the testing area.

然而，第二组被告知手机会干扰实验设备，需要将其移出测试区域。

Midway through the second group's solving of the puzzles, the experimenter called one of the phones and let it ring for a while before hanging up.

在第二组解谜游戏进行到一半时，实验者拨打其中一部手机，让它响了一会儿才挂断。

Many of the students in that group were unable to focus from then on, becoming anxious and performing more poorly than the first group.

从那时起，该组的许多学生无法集中注意力，变得焦虑，并且表现比第一组更差。

Use of electronics has also been known to lead to a decline in human interactions.

电子设备的使用也已知会导致人际互动减少。

Rather than having real-life conversations, many express emotions and engage in deep conversations through social media sites.

许多人通过社交媒体网站表达情感和进行深入对话，而不是进行现实生活中的交谈。

Many students use their phones and computers during class for non-academic activities, which leads to poor grades.

许多学生在课堂上使用手机和电脑进行非学术活动，这导致成绩不佳。

Perhaps the most dramatic impact is the reduction in the amount of sleep, which leads to poor health and weight gain.

或许最戏剧性的影响是睡眠时间的减少，这导致健康不佳和体重增加。

Technology is a great tool.

技术是一个伟大的工具。

However, it's important to recognize its downsides.

然而，认识到其缺点很重要。

Lack of sleep, reduction of productivity, and weight gain are only a few.

睡眠不足、生产力下降和体重增加只是其中一部分。

If we are not careful about all these minor problems right now, the effect on the future generation is going to be much bigger.

如果我们现在对所有这些小问题不加注意，对未来一代的影响将会大得多。

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题22到25基于你刚刚听到的段落。

Question 22. What were the college students in both groups required to do in the study?

问题22. 在研究中，两组大学生被要求做什么？

Question 23. What do we learn about many of the students in the second test group after the phone rang?

问题23. 电话响后，关于第二组测试中的许多学生，我们了解到什么？

Question 24. According to the passage, what is the most dramatic impact of smartphone use?

问题24. 根据段落，智能手机使用最戏剧性的影响是什么？

Question 25. What does the speaker suggest people do?

问题25. 说话者建议人们做什么？