2021年12月四级第1套听力原文及答案解析

News Report 1.

新闻报道1。

United Airlines has apologized for mistakenly shipping an American family's pet dog thousands of miles in the wrong direction to Japan.

美国联合航空公司已为错误地将一个美国家庭的宠物狗运往数千英里外错误的方向——日本——而道歉。

The dog owners' beloved 10-year-old dog named Buddy took an unexpected 16-hour flight to Tokyo following a mix-up by the airline.

这只狗主人心爱的10岁名叫Buddy的狗，在航空公司的失误下，意外地飞往东京，进行了一次16小时的飞行。

The dog owners' family are currently in the process of moving.

狗主人的家庭目前正在搬家过程中。

They were meant to be reunited with the pet in their new home city in Texas.

他们本应在德克萨斯州的新家城市与宠物团聚。

But when they arrived at the United Airlines cargo facility in the southern U.

但当他们到达美国联合航空公司位于南部

S.

美国

state, they found a stranger's dog waiting in Buddy's place.

州，他们发现一只陌生的狗在Buddy的位置等待。

Both of the dogs had been sent to the wrong destinations on connecting flights from Denver, with Buddy mistakenly being sent to Japan instead.

两只狗都被错误地送往了从丹佛出发的转机航班的错误目的地，Buddy被错误地送往了日本。

Buddy was given a physical check-up when he arrived at Tokyo's International Airport.

Buddy在到达东京国际机场时接受了体检。

The dog was then sent back to the U.

然后这只狗被送回

S.

美国

on a private charter jet.

通过私人包机。

I'm so glad he's alive and coming home soon, said the relieved dog owner.

狗主人松了一口气说，我非常高兴他还活着，很快就要回家了。

An error occurred during the connections in Denver.

错误发生在丹佛的转机过程中。

We have notified our customers that their pets arrived safely.

我们已通知客户，他们的宠物安全抵达。

We will arrange to return the pets to them as soon as possible, a spokesperson of United Airlines said.

我们将尽快安排将宠物归还给他们，美国联合航空公司的发言人表示。

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

问题1和2基于你刚才听到的新闻报道。

Question 1. What does the news report say about United Airlines?

问题1. 新闻报道关于美国联合航空公司说了什么？

Question 2. What did the spokesperson for United Airlines say they would do after the incident?

问题2. 美国联合航空公司的发言人在事件后表示他们将做什么？

News Report 2.

新闻报道2。

Officials at Reid Park Zoo in Tucson, Arizona are celebrating the birth of a baby elephant.

亚利桑那州图森的里德公园动物园的官员们正在庆祝一头小象的出生。

Zoo officials say the baby was born on Monday.

动物园官员说这头小象周一出生。

It is a female and she weighs nearly 130 kilograms.

它是一头雌性小象，体重接近130公斤。

Semba, her mother, is a 30-year-old African elephant.

她的母亲Semba是一头30岁的非洲象。

The pregnancy lasted 22 months.

怀孕持续了22个月。

Officials describe the baby elephant as healthy, standing and nursing.

官员们描述这头小象健康、能够站立和哺乳。

The baby hasn't been given a name yet.

这头小象还没有被取名。

Semba has given birth before.

Semba以前生过小象。

Zoo officials said during this pregnancy she was closely monitored through physical exams and blood tests.

动物园官员说，在这次怀孕期间，她通过体检和血液测试被密切监测。

Dr.

博士

Sue Tagielski is the zoo's director of zoological operations.

Sue Tagielski是动物园的动物学运营主任。

She said the elephant's birth went smoothly and that there were no complications.

她说大象的出生很顺利，没有并发症。

The new baby expands the zoo's elephant herd to six.

新宝宝将动物园的大象群扩大到六头。

That includes the baby's parents, a sister, a brother and an adult female.

这包括宝宝的父母、一个姐姐、一个兄弟和一头成年雌象。

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

问题3和4基于你刚刚听到的新闻报道。

Question 3. What do we learn about the mother elephant Semba?

问题3. 关于母亲大象Semba，我们了解到什么？

Question 4. What does the report say about the birth of the new baby elephant?

问题4. 报道对新宝宝大象的出生说了什么？

News Report 3.

新闻报道3。

Three years ago, a couple was enjoying a meal at a beach restaurant.

三年前，一对夫妇在海滩餐厅享用晚餐。

The restaurant was built on a wooden structure above the seawater.

这家餐厅建在海水上方的木质结构上。

During the meal, the man's wedding ring slipped off his finger.

用餐期间，男子的婚戒从手指上滑落。

It fell through the wooden floorboards, apparently lost forever.

它从木地板缝隙中掉落，似乎永远丢失了。

Recently, the restaurant manager, Ryan Cravoy, decided to replace the wooden deck.

最近，餐厅经理Ryan Cravoy决定更换木质甲板。

And he found an old gold coin, some $100 bills and a silver wedding ring while replacing the deck.

在更换甲板时，他发现了一枚古老的金币、一些100美元钞票和一枚银婚戒。

The restaurant's waitress, Sasha Formica, posted a picture of the ring on Facebook.

餐厅的服务员Sasha Formica在Facebook上发布了戒指的照片。

The post was shared about 5,000 times.

这条帖子被分享了约5000次。

Three days later, the happy wife called to claim the ring.

三天后，那位幸福的妻子打电话来认领戒指。

She even texted pictures of her and her husband eating there in 2017 as proof.

她甚至发送了2017年她和丈夫在那里用餐的照片作为证明。

The restaurant mailed the ring back to the happy couple.

餐厅将戒指邮寄回给这对幸福的夫妇。

Meanwhile, Cravoy discovered that the gold coin was very rare.

同时，Cravoy发现这枚金币非常罕见。

It was from 1855 and worth as much as $2,000.

它来自1855年，价值高达2000美元。

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

问题5到7基于你刚才听到的新闻报道。

Question 5. What do we learn about the restaurant?

问题5. 关于这家餐厅，我们了解到什么？

Question 6. What did the restaurant manager decide to do recently?

问题6. 餐厅经理最近决定做什么？

Question 7. What did the waitress do about the recovered ring?

问题7. 服务员对找回的戒指做了什么？

Conversation 1.

对话1。

F: I can't believe that duck hunting is still legal in so many parts of the world.

我无法相信在世界上这么多地方，猎鸭仍然是合法的。

F: The scientific evidence from countries like Australia, Canada, and the USA clearly indicates a decline in the birds' numbers.

来自澳大利亚、加拿大和美国等国的科学证据清楚地表明，这些鸟类的数量在下降。

M: But can anyone be sure if the decline is really caused by the hunting or by climate change?

但有人能确定这种下降真的是由狩猎还是气候变化引起的吗？

F: It's caused by both, in fact.

事实上，两者都导致了这一现象。

F: We see more droughts in countries like Australia.

我们在澳大利亚等国看到了更多的干旱。

F: Ducks are birds that feed and breed in areas where there is a lot of water.

鸭子是在有大量水源的区域觅食和繁殖的鸟类。

F: But their habitats have been shrinking in recent decades because of the droughts.

但近几十年来，由于干旱，它们的栖息地一直在缩小。

M: And I guess with fewer places to inhabit, they concentrate in greater numbers in fewer areas.

而且我猜，由于栖息地减少，它们在更少的区域集中了更多的数量。

M: Which surely makes them easier targets for the hunters.

这肯定使它们成为猎人更容易捕捉的目标。

F: It does.

确实如此。

F: My grandfather was a duck hunter.

我的祖父是一名猎鸭人。

F: He told me hunting ducks and geese began in the 19th century.

他告诉我猎鸭和猎鹅始于19世纪。

F: They were an easily found and plentifully available food source in farming areas, especially for poor immigrants.

在农业区，它们是一种容易找到且供应充足的食物来源，尤其是对于贫穷的移民来说。

M: What did they use for hunting during that period?

在那个时期，他们用什么进行狩猎？

F: They used new types of guns, and birds could easily be shot down in flight.

他们使用新型枪支，鸟类在飞行中很容易被击落。

F: And in such great numbers that commercial hunting of ducks and geese became an industry.

并且数量如此之大，以至于猎鸭和猎鹅的商业狩猎成为了一个产业。

M: Yet there's no commercial farming of these birds nowadays.

然而，如今没有这些鸟类的商业养殖。

M: Their meat is hardly eaten in Western countries.

它们的肉在西方国家几乎不被食用。

F: No.

不。

F: Duck hunting seemingly exists as the continuation of a tradition.

猎鸭似乎作为一种传统的延续而存在。

F: Wild ducks have never been popular with farmers like my grandfather anyway, because they sometimes destroy crops.

无论如何，野鸭从未受到像我祖父那样的农民的欢迎，因为它们有时会破坏庄稼。

F: In fact, farmers use to poison them in large numbers.

事实上，农民过去常常大量毒杀它们。

M: That somehow doesn't surprise me.

这不知怎么的并不让我感到惊讶。

M: Nobody places much value on the lives of these poor birds or on their meat.

没有人重视这些可怜鸟类的生命或它们的肉。

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

问题8到11基于你刚刚听到的对话。

Question 8. What does the woman find unbelievable?

问题8。这位女士觉得什么难以置信？

Question 9. What does the woman say has caused the shrinking of ducks' habitats in Australia?

问题9。这位女士说是什么导致了澳大利亚鸭子栖息地的缩小？

Question 10. Why is there no commercial farming of ducks and geese in Western countries?

问题10。为什么在西方国家没有鸭子和鹅的商业养殖？

Question 11. What does the woman say about farmers in her grandfather's time?

问题11。关于她祖父那个时代的农民，这位女士说了什么？

Conversation 2.

对话二。

M: OK, Miss Bright.

好的，布赖特小姐。

M: I've finished calculating.

我已经计算完了。

M: I estimate you have between 210 and 240 square metres of walls and ceiling.

我估计你有210到240平方米的墙壁和天花板。

F: So, how much would the paint job cost?

那么，粉刷工作要花多少钱？

M: That would depend on the quality of paint you choose.

这取决于你选择的油漆质量。

M: We carry two brands.

我们有两种品牌。

M: One costs 60 cents every square metre and the other 90 cents.

一种每平方米60美分，另一种90美分。

M: The second is guaranteed to look great for about 10 years, whereas the cheaper one will start to dull after around 6 or 7 years.

第二种保证大约10年看起来很好，而较便宜的一种在大约6或7年后会开始变暗。

F: In that case, we would prefer the more expensive option.

那样的话，我们更愿意选择较贵的那种。

M: Alright then.

那好吧。

M: So, including labour costs, taxes and everything, this job would come to $3,000.

那么，包括人工成本、税费等一切费用，这项工作总计3000美元。

F: Hmm.

嗯。

F: To be perfectly honest, that's more than I expected.

老实说，这比我预期的要多。

M: Please bear in mind that the price includes moving all the furniture and the whole task would take two days.

请注意，价格包括移动所有家具，整个任务需要两天时间。

F: Really?

真的吗？

F: Why?

为什么？

M: Well, we can't paint the walls without clearing all the furniture first, so every time we paint a room, we first have to move the furniture to another room.

嗯，如果不先清理所有家具，我们就无法粉刷墙壁，所以每次粉刷一个房间，我们首先必须把家具移到另一个房间。

M: So that takes more time.

所以那样需要更多时间。

M: Plus it requires two people, which works out more expensive.

而且需要两个人，这使得成本更高。

F: I see.

我明白了。

F: But does that mean I could not live here in my own house during those two days?

但这是否意味着在那两天里我不能住在自己的房子里？

M: That is correct.

是的。

F: Oh well.

哦，好吧。

F: That changes everything, I'm afraid.

恐怕这改变了所有事情。

F: I would have to stay with a friend or check into a hotel.

我不得不和朋友住或入住酒店。

F: I hadn't considered any of that.

我完全没有考虑到这些。

F: I'm starting to realize that painting my house is far more troublesome than I had anticipated.

我开始意识到粉刷我的房子比我预想的要麻烦得多。

M: This is usually the case.

通常情况就是这样。

M: Most of our clients go through the same realization.

我们的大多数客户都经历了同样的认识。

F: I see.

我明白了。

M: You have my number.

你有我的电话号码。

M: Please feel free to call me for any further questions.

如有任何进一步问题，请随时给我打电话。

F: Thank you.

谢谢。

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

问题12到15基于你刚刚听到的对话。

Question 12. What is the woman planning to do?

问题12。这位女士计划做什么？

Question 13. What is the woman's chief concern?

问题13。这位女士的主要顾虑是什么？

Question 14. What does the woman have to do while the paint job is being done?

问题14。在粉刷工作进行期间，这位女士必须做什么？

Question 15. What has the woman come to realize at the end of the conversation?

问题15。在对话结束时，这位女士意识到了什么？

Passage 1.

第一段。

Homework is an important part of schooling, but the purposes of giving children homework will change as they grow older.

家庭作业是学校教育的重要组成部分，但给孩子布置作业的目的会随着他们年龄的增长而变化。

At the primary level, the main aim is to cultivate good habits, like learning to plan and exercising self-discipline.

在小学阶段，主要目的是培养良好习惯，如学习计划和自律。

During the secondary school years, extending what is learned at school is positively related to academic achievement, so the content of homework becomes more important.

在中学阶段，扩展学校所学内容与学业成绩呈正相关，因此作业内容变得更加重要。

So how can you help your child do their best?

那么，你如何帮助孩子发挥最佳水平？

Creating an ideal working environment will make it easier for them to get down to their assignments quickly.

创造一个理想的学习环境将使他们更容易快速开始作业。

Make sure it's free of distractions, and for primary school children at least, somewhere near you, so you can answer questions and offer encouragement.

确保环境无干扰，对于小学生来说，至少要在你附近，以便你能回答问题并给予鼓励。

You'll probably have to help younger children plan their session, but it's important that by the end of primary school, it's second nature.

你可能需要帮助年幼的孩子计划学习时间，但重要的是在小学结束时，这成为他们的第二天性。

Get them to tell you everything they have to do, then encourage them to establish an order in which they do work.

让他们告诉你他们必须做的一切，然后鼓励他们建立做作业的顺序。

When there's several different assignments, make sure they begin with one they enjoy, so it seems easy to get started.

当有几个不同的作业时，确保他们从自己喜欢的作业开始，这样开始会显得容易。

It's best to take on the most difficult task second, once they're settled, but before they get tired.

最好在他们安顿下来后，但在疲劳之前，第二项任务选择最难的任务。

If older children have more than an hour of homework, encourage them to schedule a short break to stretch.

如果年长的孩子有超过一小时的作业，鼓励他们安排一个短暂的休息来伸展。

If you encourage them to tell you what they've learned, they'll absorb the information more deeply and remember it more readily.

如果你鼓励他们告诉你他们学到了什么，他们会更深入地吸收信息并更容易记住。

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题16到18基于你刚刚听到的短文。

Question 16. What is the main aim of homework for primary school kids?

问题16。小学生作业的主要目的是什么？

Question 17. What does the passage suggest parents do to help their children?

问题17。短文建议家长如何帮助孩子？

Question 18. What should children do to deal with multiple assignments?

问题18。孩子应该如何处理多个作业？

Passage 2.

段落2。

Workers at Mexican Oil Company will receive a health incentive of almost $300 a year if they meet certain body weight standards.

墨西哥石油公司的员工如果达到特定的体重标准，每年将获得近300美元的健康激励奖金。

To qualify for the bonus, they must maintain a healthy weight.

要获得这笔奖金，他们必须保持健康的体重。

For those who are overweight or obese, they can receive the bonus if they reduce their weight by 10% during the year.

对于超重或肥胖的员工，如果他们在一年内将体重减少10%，就可以获得这笔奖金。

Some applaud the policy as fair because it rewards both individuals who maintain a healthy weight and those who are working towards achieving it.

一些人赞扬该政策公平，因为它既奖励保持健康体重的个人，也奖励正在努力实现这一目标的人。

But critics say the policy contradicts recommendations by many health experts, who warn that a person's weight is influenced by genetic and environmental factors.

但批评者认为，该政策与许多健康专家的建议相矛盾，这些专家警告说，一个人的体重受遗传和环境因素影响。

That means weight can be hard for individuals to control, which makes the bonus unfair.

这意味着体重对个人来说可能难以控制，这使得奖金不公平。

Some experts say the policy is inconsistent with the science of what we know about body weight regulation.

一些专家表示，该政策与我们关于体重调节的科学知识不一致。

These experts argue that focusing on weight is the wrong approach.

这些专家认为，关注体重是错误的方法。

A more productive method of encouraging health among employees is to promote healthy behaviors.

鼓励员工健康的更有效方法是推广健康行为。

For example, companies can give workers gym memberships or encourage participation in lectures on healthy eating and living.

例如，公司可以为员工提供健身房会员资格，或鼓励参加关于健康饮食和生活的讲座。

They can also reduce sweets and provide healthier snacks in the office and healthier meals at the company canteen.

他们还可以减少糖果，在办公室提供更健康的零食，并在公司食堂提供更健康的餐食。

Or they can give employees more time during their lunch break to exercise.

或者，他们可以在午休时间给员工更多时间锻炼。

These are much better and much more productive ways for companies to move forward on their employees' well-being.

对于公司来说，这些都是更好、更有效的推进员工福祉的方式。

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题19到21基于你刚才听到的篇章。

Question 19. Who will qualify for the bonus in Mexican oil company?

问题19。在墨西哥石油公司，谁有资格获得这笔奖金？

Question 20. What do critics think of Mexican oil company's bonus policy?

问题20。批评者对墨西哥石油公司的奖金政策有何看法？

Question 21. What do experts propose companies do about workers' well-being?

问题21。专家建议公司对员工福祉采取什么措施？

Passage 3.

文章3。

Campaigners have warned that the British government is not doing enough to prevent left-handed pupils from falling behind their peers.

活动人士警告说，英国政府在防止左撇子学生落后于同龄人方面做得不够。

They claim that thousands of children are still being penalized for being left-handed.

他们声称，仍有数千名儿童因是左撇子而受到惩罚。

This is due to a lack of action from ministers who have failed to take any meaningful action for years.

这是由于部长们多年来未能采取任何有意义的行动所致。

It is feared that a failure to address early year challenges, such as poor handwriting, leads to much more serious problems down the line with these pupils facing reduced career prospects.

人们担心，未能解决早期挑战，如书写潦草，会导致未来更严重的问题，这些学生的职业前景将会下降。

Studies in recent years show that left-handed children are more likely to suffer with learning difficulties and their scores are lower on IQ tests.

近年来的研究表明，左撇子儿童更有可能遇到学习困难，他们的智商测试分数也较低。

Campaigners feel it's strange that children in British schools are penalized because they happen to be left-handed.

活动人士觉得奇怪，英国学校的儿童仅仅因为是左撇子就受到惩罚。

They don't understand why successive governments have failed to act on this.

他们不明白为什么历届政府都未能就此采取行动。

They want the Department of Education to record which children are left-handed and what their educational attainments are, since they make up some 10% of the population.

他们希望教育部记录哪些儿童是左撇子以及他们的教育成就，因为他们约占人口的10%。

In early year education, left-handed children are struggling and making a mess of their handwriting.

在早期教育中，左撇子儿童正在挣扎，书写一团糟。

Educators don't know how to deal with this.

教育工作者不知道如何处理这个问题。

In many cases, there's no active help and a lack of teacher training.

在许多情况下，没有积极的帮助，且缺乏教师培训。

Campaigners point out that a high percentage of the prison population is left-handed.

活动人士指出，监狱人口中有很高比例是左撇子。

They say that these prison numbers are unusually high and ask why it is the case.

他们说这些监狱数字异常高，并问为什么会这样。

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题22至25基于你刚才听到的段落。

Question 22. Why are some people criticizing the British government?

问题22。为什么一些人批评英国政府？

Question 23. What do studies in recent years show about left-handed children?

问题23。近年来的研究对左撇子儿童有什么发现？

Question 24. What do the campaigners demand the Department of Education do?

问题24。活动人士要求教育部做什么？

Question 25. What do the campaigners want to know about left-handed prisoners?

问题25。活动人士想知道关于左撇子囚犯的什么信息？