2021年12月四级第1套长篇阅读匹配原文翻译及答案

A) "I used to work very hard. I love to create things, grow them and solve problems, "said Meng Li, a successful app developer in San Francisco. "I didn't really care about my mind and my body until they decided to go on strike."

孟丽说：'我过去工作非常努力。我喜欢创造事物、培育它们并解决问题。' 孟丽是旧金山一位成功的应用程序开发者。'直到我的身心决定'罢工'之前，我并没有真正关心它们。'

B) Ms. Li said her stress led to sleeplessness. When she did sleep, she experienced "problem-solving dreams," which left her feeling unrested when she woke up. "After I became a first-time mother, I quickly realized I was so busy caring for other people and work that I felt like I'd lost myself," she said.

李女士说她的压力导致了失眠。当她确实睡觉时，她经历了'解决问题之梦'，这让她醒来时感觉没有休息好。'在我成为初为人母后，我很快意识到我如此忙于照顾他人和工作，以至于感觉自己迷失了自我，'她说。

C) It's a common story- one we frequently ridicule and readily dismiss, for example, by claiming that women tend to complain more than men, despite the growing sum of research that underlines the problem. Women are twice as likely to suffer from severe stress and anxiety as men, according to a 2016 study published in The Journal of Brain & Behavior. The American Psychological Association reports a gender gap year after year showing that women consistently report higher stress levels. Clearly, a stress gap exists.

这是一个常见的故事——我们经常嘲笑并轻易忽视它，例如，声称女性比男性更爱抱怨，尽管越来越多的研究强调了这个问题。根据2016年发表在《大脑与行为杂志》上的一项研究，女性遭受严重压力和焦虑的可能性是男性的两倍。美国心理学会年复一年地报告性别差距，显示女性持续报告更高的压力水平。显然，压力差距是存在的。

D) "The difference is not really news to me, as a clinical psychologist," said Erin Joyce, a women and couples therapist in Los Angeles. "It's been well documented in extensive research over the years that prevalence rates for the majority of the anxiety disorders are higher in women than men." Some people may argue that this is merely reported data, and they say many men feel the same pressures as women in terms of fulfilling responsibilities at work and home. In other words, we're all really, really stressed.

'作为一个临床心理学家，这种差异对我来说并不新鲜，'洛杉矶的一位女性和夫妻治疗师艾琳·乔伊斯说。'多年来广泛的研究已经充分记录，大多数焦虑症的患病率在女性中高于男性。'有些人可能会认为这只是报告的数据，他们说许多男性在履行工作和家庭责任方面感受到与女性同样的压力。换句话说，我们所有人都非常、非常有压力。

E) "The difference, however, is in the nature and scope of these responsibilities in the home environment in particular," Dr. Joyce said. For example, the United Nations reported that women do nearly three times as much unpaid domestic work as men. The problem is, housework is often overlooked as work, even though it is often as laborious (or in some cases, more so) as any paid job. As the scholar Silvia Federici put it in 1975, the unpaid nature of domestic work reinforces the assumption that "housework is not work, thus preventing women from struggling against it."

'然而，差异在于这些责任在家庭环境中的性质和范围，'乔伊斯博士说。例如，联合国报告称，女性做的无偿家务劳动是男性的近三倍。问题是，家务劳动常常被忽视为工作，尽管它通常和任何有偿工作一样费力（或者在某些情况下更费力）。正如学者西尔维娅·费德里奇在1975年所说，家务劳动的无偿性质强化了'家务不是工作'的假设，从而阻止女性与之抗争。

F) It's not just inside the home, though. Research from Nova Southeastern University found that female managers were more likely than male managers to display "surface acting," or forcing emotions that are not wholly felt. "They expressed optimism, calmness and sympathy even when these were not the emotions that they were actually feeling," the study said.

然而，这不仅仅发生在家庭内部。诺瓦东南大学的研究发现，女性管理者比男性管理者更可能表现出'表面表演'，即强迫表达并非完全感受到的情绪。'她们表达乐观、冷静和同情，即使这些情绪并非她们实际感受到的，'研究说。

G) Surface acting is a prime example of "emotional labor," a concept that the writer Jess Zimmerman made familiar in a 2015 essay. The essay sparked a massive thread on the internet community blog MetaFilter. Hundreds of women spoke up about their own experience with emotional labor: the duties that are expected of them, but go unnoticed. These invisible duties become apparent only when you don't do them. Like domestic labor, emotional labor is generally dismissed and not labeled work. But research shows it can be just as exhausting as paid work. Emotional labor can lead to difficulty in sleeping and family conflict. Sure, circumstantial stress, like losing a job, may lead to these same issues. But emotional labor is not circumstantial. It's an enduring responsibility based on the socialized gender role of women.

表面表演是'情感劳动'的一个典型例子，这个概念由作家杰斯·齐默曼在2015年的一篇文章中普及。这篇文章在互联网社区博客MetaFilter上引发了一个庞大的讨论串。数百名女性讲述了她们自己的情感劳动经历：那些被期望承担但未被注意到的责任。这些看不见的责任只有在你不做时才变得明显。像家务劳动一样，情感劳动通常被忽视，不被视为工作。但研究表明，它可能和有偿工作一样令人疲惫。情感劳动可能导致睡眠困难和家庭冲突。当然，情境性压力，如失业，可能导致同样的问题。但情感劳动不是情境性的。它是一种基于女性社会化性别角色的持久责任。

H) Like Ms. Li, many women try to manage the added stress to reach what Dr. Joyce said was an unattainable ideal. "Some professional women aim to do it all. They want to reach the top of the corporate ladder and fly like supermom," she said. When women don't reach this ideal, they feel guilty; and even more stressed. After her own struggle with this, Ms. Li took a step back and used her experience to build Sanity & Self, a self-care app and platform for overworked women. "The realizations I had in that process helped me gain insights and ultimately got me ready to integrate self- care into my daily life," she said.

像李女士一样，许多女性试图管理额外的压力，以达到乔伊斯博士所说的无法实现的理想。'一些职业女性的目标是做好一切。她们希望登上企业阶梯的顶端，像超人妈妈一样飞翔，'她说。当女性没有达到这个理想时，她们会感到内疚；并且压力更大。在她自己经历了这种挣扎后，李女士退后一步，利用她的经验建立了Sanity & Self，一个为过度劳累的女性设计的自我护理应用和平台。'我在那个过程中获得的领悟帮助我获得了洞察力，并最终让我准备好将自我护理融入我的日常生活，'她说。

I) The stress problem extends beyond mental health when you consider the link between stress, anxiety and heart health. Worse, most of what we know about heart disease comes from studies involving men. However, "there are many reasons to think that it's different in women," Harvard Medical School reported. For example, women are more likely to experience disturbed sleep, anxiety and unusual fatigue before a heart attack. Stress is so normalized that it is easy for women to shrug off those symptoms as simply the consequences of stress. Many women also do not experience chest pain before a heart attack the way men do, which leads to fewer women discovering problematic heart issues. Harvard reports that women are "much more likely than men to die within a year of having a heart attack" and "many women say their physicians sometimes don't even recognize the symptoms."

当你考虑到压力、焦虑和心脏健康之间的联系时，压力问题就超出了心理健康。更糟的是，我们对心脏病的大部分了解来自涉及男性的研究。然而，哈佛医学院报告说，'有很多理由认为女性的情况不同。'例如，女性在心脏病发作前更可能经历睡眠障碍、焦虑和异常疲劳。压力被如此正常化，以至于女性很容易将这些症状视为压力的后果而一笑置之。许多女性在心脏病发作前也不像男性那样经历胸痛，这导致更少的女性发现有问题的心脏问题。哈佛报告称，女性'在心脏病发作后一年内死亡的可能性比男性大得多'，并且'许多女性说她们的医生有时甚至不能识别这些症状。'

J) The good news is, women are more likely than men to take charge of their stress and manage it, the American Psychological Association reports. The concept of self-care, at its core, is quite simple. "The basics of adequate sleep, healthy diet and exercise are a good place to start," Dr. Joyce said. "Support from trusted relationships is vital This includes professional support from various health and wellness providers if stress is becoming increasingly overwhelming."

好消息是，美国心理学会报告称，女性比男性更可能掌控并管理自己的压力。自我护理的概念，其核心相当简单。'充足的睡眠、健康饮食和锻炼是良好的起点，'乔伊斯博士说。'来自信任关系的支持至关重要。这包括来自各种健康和保健提供者的专业支持，如果压力变得越来越难以承受。'

K) Disconnecting from work and home responsibilities is also obviously important. But it's much easier said than done. It is important to understand what causes your stress in the first place. "Get really specific with what's stressing you out," Ms. Li said "We often chalk up our stress to broad experiences like work. But work stress can take many different forms. Is a colleague being disrespectful of your time? Is a boss undermining your day-to-day control over decision making? These are different causes of stress and can benefit from different kinds of self-care."

断开与工作和家庭责任的联系显然也很重要。但这说起来容易做起来难。重要的是首先了解是什么导致了你的压力。'具体说明是什么让你感到压力，'李女士说。'我们常常把压力归因于像工作这样的广泛经历。但工作压力可以采取许多不同的形式。同事是否不尊重你的时间？老板是否破坏你对日常决策的控制？这些是压力的不同原因，可以从不同种类的自我护理中受益。'

L) Ideally, your spouse or partner will be supportive, rather than dismissive, of your stress. It is important to talk through these issues before they come to a head. "Women working outside of the home should make an effort to have a conscious conversation with their partners about more equitable sharing of household and family responsibilities," Dr. Joyce said.

理想情况下，你的配偶或伴侣会对你的压力表示支持，而不是轻视。在这些问题变得严重之前，通过讨论来解决很重要。'在外工作的女性应该努力与伴侣进行有意识的对话，讨论更公平地分担家务和家庭责任，'乔伊斯博士说。