2021年12月四级第2套仔细阅读 Passage 2 原文翻译及答案解析

Nationwide, only about three percent of early childhood teachers are male in the U. S. Experts say this can have an impact on young children whose understanding of gender roles and identity are rapidly forming. Research has found that having access to diverse teachers is beneficial for children. For the youngest learners, it means they are more likely to get exposed to different varieties of play and communication. It also helps them develop healthy ideas around gender.

在美国全国范围内，只有约3%的幼儿教师是男性。专家表示，这可能对幼儿产生影响，因为他们的性别角色和身份认同正在快速形成。研究发现，接触多样化的教师对儿童有益。对于最年幼的学习者来说，这意味着他们更有可能接触到不同种类的玩耍和交流方式。这也有助于他们形成健康的性别观念。

"In our world and our society, we have very specific stereotypes (模式化形象) of gender roles," said Mindi Reich-Shapiro, an assistant professor in the teacher education department of the Borough of Manhattan Community College, and one of the authors of a recent study. "It's important for children to see other possibilities and other paths they can take."

曼哈顿社区学院教育系助理教授、最近一项研究的作者之一Mindi Reich-Shapiro说：“在我们的世界和社会中，我们对性别角色有非常具体的模式化形象。对孩子们来说，看到其他可能性和他们可以走的其他道路是很重要的。”

Despite mostly feeling supported by colleagues and family members, many of the male educators surveyed in the study reported facing social or cultural resistance in their careers as early education teachers. Some also reported that there were parents surprised or concerned that their child had a male teacher. And they had been advised by colleagues or other staff not to hug children.

尽管大多数男性教育工作者在研究中表示感受到同事和家人的支持，但许多人报告说，作为幼儿教师，他们在职业生涯中面临社会或文化阻力。还有一些人报告说，有家长对他们的孩子有男老师感到惊讶或担忧。而且，他们曾被同事或其他工作人员建议不要拥抱孩子。

Reich-Shapiro and fellow researchers made several recommendations to increase male representation in the field. Low pay has long been acknowledged as a major issue in the early childhood field. Over 70% of male educators who said they intended to stay in the early education workforce noted an increased salary was a major motivating factor for them to commit to the career long-term. The report suggests paying all early childhood educators the way elementary school teachers are paid.

Reich-Shapiro和同事提出了几项建议，以增加该领域的男性代表比例。低薪长期以来一直被认为是幼儿教育领域的一个主要问题。超过70%表示打算留在幼儿教育队伍中的男性教育工作者指出，提高薪资是他们长期投身这一职业的主要激励因素。报告建议，应像支付小学教师工资那样支付所有幼儿教育工作者的工资。

Cities and programs should establish support groups for male early childhood educators and provide mentoring and professional development advice for male educators and their program leaders.

城市和项目应为男性幼儿教育工作者建立支持小组，并为男性教育工作者及其项目负责人提供指导和专业发展建议。

The authors also suggest that traditional recruitment approaches for early childhood educators "do not address the gender gap in the field." They recommend providing young men opportunities to work with children through training and volunteer programs, targeting groups of men who are considering a career change, such as fathers.

作者还指出，传统的幼儿教育工作者招聘方法“未能解决该领域的性别差距”。他们建议通过培训和志愿者项目为年轻人提供与儿童合作的机会，目标群体是那些考虑职业转变的男性，例如父亲。