2022年09月四级第1套听力原文及答案解析

News Report 1.

新闻报道1。

White meat, such as chicken, may raise blood cholesterol levels as much as red meat does.

白肉，如鸡肉，可能像红肉一样提高血液胆固醇水平。

This finding surprised researchers who admitted they didn't expect that eating white meat would lead to higher blood cholesterol levels.

这一发现令研究人员感到惊讶，他们承认没有预料到食用白肉会导致血液胆固醇水平升高。

In the study, researchers looked at 113 healthy people.

在这项研究中，研究人员观察了113名健康人。

The participants ate three different diets.

参与者食用三种不同的饮食。

These were a red meat diet, which is primarily beef, a white meat diet, which is mostly chicken and turkey, and a vegetarian protein diet.

这些包括红肉饮食（主要是牛肉）、白肉饮食（主要是鸡肉和火鸡肉）和素食蛋白质饮食。

Each diet period was four weeks.

每个饮食周期为四周。

Between the diet periods, participants had a break, during which they ate their regular foods.

在饮食周期之间，参与者休息，期间食用他们常规的食物。

In addition, participants had blood tests at the start and finish of each new diet.

此外，参与者在每个新饮食开始和结束时进行血液测试。

The results showed that white and red meat diets had the same effects on blood cholesterol levels.

结果表明，白肉和红肉饮食对血液胆固醇水平有相同的影响。

Further, both diets increased blood cholesterol levels compared with the diet built on vegetarian protein sources.

此外，与基于素食蛋白质来源的饮食相比，这两种饮食都增加了血液胆固醇水平。

The team acknowledged that it is possible that white meat is better for our health than red meat, despite their findings.

该团队承认，尽管他们的发现，白肉可能比红肉对我们的健康更有益。

This is because other effects of red meat consumption could contribute to heart disease, independent of cholesterol.

这是因为红肉消费的其他影响可能独立于胆固醇而导致心脏病。

Their main recommendations are that people eat less of both kinds of meat and more vegetarian protein.

他们的主要建议是人们减少食用这两种肉类，增加素食蛋白质。

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

问题1和问题2基于你刚刚听到的新闻报道。

Question 1. What do we learn from the news report about the study?

问题1。我们从新闻报道中了解了关于这项研究的什么？

Question 2. What did the researchers acknowledge?

问题2。研究人员承认了什么？

News report 2.

新闻报道2。

At around half past nine this morning, a trailer attached to a lorry turned over at the crossing of High Street and Milton.

今天上午大约九点半，一辆卡车拖挂的拖车在高街和米尔顿的交叉路口翻车了。

Hundreds of frozen turkeys were spilled all over the road.

数百只冷冻火鸡洒落一地。

It is reported that nobody was hurt in the incident, but police said it may affect traffic and Christmas dinners.

据报道，事故中无人受伤，但警方表示这可能会影响交通和圣诞晚餐。

With just one week to go before Christmas, there are worries that local supermarket supplies of this holiday favorite may be affected.

距离圣诞节仅剩一周，人们担心当地超市的这种节日热门商品供应可能受到影响。

A police spokeswoman said that officers were currently in attendance at the scene.

一名警方女发言人表示，警官们目前正在现场执勤。

She stated that the driver of the lorry had been arrested on suspicion of dangerous driving.

她指出，卡车司机因涉嫌危险驾驶已被逮捕。

The crossing on High Street is a well-known accident black spot.

高街的这个交叉路口是一个众所周知的事故多发地。

This year alone, there have been seven traffic accidents at this location.

仅今年，这个地点就发生了七起交通事故。

Thankfully, none of these accidents have resulted in serious injury.

值得庆幸的是，这些事故均未导致严重伤害。

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

第3题和第4题基于你刚才听到的新闻报道。

Question 3. What does the news report say about the accident at the crossing of High Street and Milton?

第3题。新闻报道对高街和米尔顿交叉路口的事故有何描述？

Question 4. What do we learn about the crossing on High Street?

第4题。我们了解到高街的这个交叉路口有哪些信息？

News report 3.

新闻报道3。

India launched its helicopter taxi service on Monday, promising to ferry customers the 40 miles between Bangalore's electronic city tech hub and the international airport terminal in 15 minutes.

印度于周一推出了直升机出租车服务，承诺在15分钟内将客户从班加罗尔电子城科技枢纽运送至国际机场航站楼，距离40英里。

Customers can book their helicopter ride through a mobile app.

客户可以通过移动应用预订直升机行程。

The service, which claims to be the first of its kind in India, offers only one route, but Bangalore Airport will add more once it gets approval.

该服务声称是印度首个此类服务，目前仅提供一条线路，但班加罗尔机场将在获得批准后增加更多线路。

Helicopter taxi is not an affordable option for many travelers.

对许多旅客来说，直升机出租车并非一个负担得起的选项。

A car ride for the same journey costs less than half as much.

乘坐汽车完成同一行程的费用不到一半。

But Bangalore Airport says it is a competitive alternative to a car ride for tech executives in a hurry.

但班加罗尔机场表示，对于匆忙的科技高管来说，它是汽车出行的有力替代选择。

A large number of high-class travelers, including CEOs, have to spend more than three hours by road to get there, and that is a loss of time, a Bangalore Airport spokesperson said.

班加罗尔机场发言人表示，大量高端旅客，包括首席执行官，不得不花费三个多小时通过公路抵达那里，这浪费了时间。

This is not a low-cost option, but it is an option, she added.

她补充道，这不是一个低成本选项，但它是一个选项。

The helicopters ferried around eight customers to the airport on their first day.

直升机在首日运送了约八名客户到机场。

The company that owns and operates the service is called Zumbi Aviation.

拥有并运营该服务的公司名为Zumbi Aviation。

It previously specialized in private charter flights for government officials.

它此前专门为政府官员提供私人包机服务。

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

问题5至7基于你刚刚听到的新闻报道。

Question 5. What is Bangalore Airport trying to do about the helicopter taxi service?

问题5. 班加罗尔机场对直升机出租车服务有何计划？

Question 6. What do we learn from the news report about the helicopter taxi ride?

问题6. 从新闻报道中，我们了解到直升机出租车行程的哪些信息？

Question 7. Who are the targeted customers of the helicopter taxi service?

问题7. 直升机出租车服务的目标客户是谁？

Conversation 1.

对话1。

F: Hi, I wish to buy some cheese for a barbecue this weekend.

嗨，我想为这个周末的烧烤买一些奶酪。

M: What kind would you like?

你想要哪种？

F: Sorry, I don't know much about cheese.

抱歉，我对奶酪不太了解。

F: What type do you think would be suitable for a barbecue?

你觉得哪种类型适合烧烤？

M: That's easy.

那很容易。

M: For a barbecue, you could have any cheese you want.

对于烧烤，你可以选择任何你想要的奶酪。

M: I imagine there will be different foods, and people will just help themselves and eat at their own pace, right?

我想会有不同的食物，人们会自取并按自己的节奏吃，对吧？

F: Yes, exactly.

是的，没错。

F: It will be very casual.

会非常随意。

F: We will just be a small group of friends gathering together at Washington Park.

我们只是一小群朋友在华盛顿公园聚会。

F: There will be around 20 of us, including children.

我们大约有20人，包括孩子。

M: Great.

太好了。

M: So you could have different types of cheese.

所以你可以有不同类型的奶酪。

M: How much would you like to spend?

你打算花多少钱？

F: Not very much.

不太多。

F: Let's say $30.

比如说30美元。

M: I would suggest having at least one soft cheese and one hard cheese.

我建议至少有一种软奶酪和一种硬奶酪。

M: That will offer you a good variety to suit different people's tastes.

这样能提供很好的多样性，以适合不同人的口味。

F: That sounds good.

听起来不错。

F: What's the difference between a soft cheese and a hard cheese?

软奶酪和硬奶酪有什么区别？

M: Well, it depends, but generally speaking, soft cheeses are creamy and go well with sweet things like honey and jam.

嗯，这要看情况，但一般来说，软奶酪是奶油状的，适合搭配蜂蜜和果酱等甜食。

M: I would suggest something like this Spanish goat cheese.

我建议像这种西班牙山羊奶酪。

M: It's only $15, a very good price.

只要15美元，价格非常好。

M: You can spread it on bread with a knife and then add a tiny bit of honey on top.

你可以用刀把它涂在面包上，然后在上面加一点蜂蜜。

M: It's delicious.

它很美味。

M: Children love it.

孩子们喜欢它。

F: Okay, great.

好的，太好了。

F: What about a hard cheese?

硬奶酪呢？

M: Yes, for hard cheese, I would recommend this Italian one here.

是的，对于硬奶酪，我推荐这里的这款意大利奶酪。

M: It has a very strong smell and a dry flavor.

它有很强烈的气味和干涩的风味。

M: You can cut it into thin slices and eat it on its own.

你可以把它切成薄片，单独食用。

M: It's $16.

它是16美元。

F: Okay, I'll take both.

好的，我两个都要。

F: Thank you for your help.

谢谢你的帮助。

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

问题8到11基于你刚才听到的对话。

Question 8. What does the woman plan to do for the weekend?

问题8. 女士计划周末做什么？

Question 9. What does the man suggest the woman do?

问题9. 男士建议女士做什么？

Question 10. What does the man say about Spanish goat cheese?

问题10. 男士对西班牙山羊奶酪说了什么？

Question 11. What is the woman going to do at the end of the conversation?

问题11. 在对话结束时，女士打算做什么？

Conversation 2.

对话2。

M: Our school is replacing printed textbooks with e-textbooks next semester.

我们学校下学期将用电子教科书取代纸质教科书。

M: I can't wait.

我等不及了。

F: Really?

真的吗？

F: What about the cost?

成本呢？

F: Not only buying all those tablets, but the software and electronic infrastructure that goes with it.

不仅要购买所有那些平板电脑，还有配套的软件和电子基础设施。

F: Not to mention retraining all the teachers and administration staff.

更不用说重新培训所有教师和行政人员。

M: Sure, the initial expenditure will be high, but much lower afterwards.

当然，初始支出会很高，但之后会低得多。

M: Besides that, tablet prices continue to drop and are becoming increasingly affordable.

除此之外，平板电脑价格持续下降，变得越来越实惠。

M: Anyway, tablets help students learn up to 80 % faster.

无论如何，平板电脑帮助学生学习速度提高高达80%。

F: Not necessarily.

不一定。

F: Tablets have too many distractions.

平板电脑有太多干扰。

F: Students may pay attention to apps, games, and websites instead of their teachers.

学生可能关注应用程序、游戏和网站，而不是他们的老师。

F: In fact, research suggests that people who read printed text comprehend more, remember more, and learn 30% more than those who read digital text.

事实上，研究表明，阅读纸质文本的人比阅读数字文本的人理解更多、记忆更多，并且多学习30%。

M: Yes, but tablets contain many technological features that are not found in printed textbooks.

是的，但平板电脑包含许多纸质教科书中没有的科技功能。

M: Think about it.

想想看。

M: Students are able to highlight and edit text, write notes, and search for information much more quickly than they can with printed textbooks.

学生能够高亮和编辑文本、写笔记，并比使用纸质教科书更快地搜索信息。

M: And what about all those trees that are cut down to make printed books?

那么，为了制作纸质书而砍伐的所有那些树木呢？

F: Actually, manufacturing tablets is environmentally destructive and dangerous to human health.

实际上，制造平板电脑对环境有破坏性，并且对人类健康有害。

F: The health impacts from making one electronic reader are 70 times greater than those from making a single printed book.

制造一个电子阅读器的健康影响是制造一本纸质书的70倍。

F: A lot of minerals are extracted from the earth to make electronic readers.

从地球中提取大量矿物来制造电子阅读器。

F: It does far more damage to the environment.

它对环境的破坏要大得多。

M: Yes, but the software for electronic readers can be updated instantly without the need for buying a whole lot of new books.

是的，但电子阅读器的软件可以即时更新，无需购买大量新书。

M: That's better for the environment.

这对环境更好。

F: But the core curriculum doesn't change that much.

但核心课程变化不大。

F: Printed textbooks that are not brand new still contain the basic, relevant information of core subjects.

非全新的纸质教科书仍然包含核心科目的基本、相关信息。

M: Well, I'm looking forward to the change.

好吧，我期待这个变化。

F: I'll stick with my printed books.

我会坚持使用我的纸质书。

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

问题12至15基于你刚刚听到的对话。

Question 12. What does the woman say about using e-textbooks?

问题12. 女士关于使用电子教科书说了什么？

Question 13. According to the man, how can the use of tablets benefit students?

问题13. 根据男士的说法，使用平板电脑如何能使学生受益？

Question 14. What does the woman say about students using tablets?

问题14. 女士关于学生使用平板电脑说了什么？

Question 15. What does the woman say about making electronic readers?

问题15. 女士关于制造电子阅读器说了什么？

Passage 1.

篇章1。

In social psychology, the term person perception refers to the mental processes that we use to form impressions of other people.

在社会心理学中，术语'person perception'指的是我们用来形成对他人印象的心理过程。

It includes not just how we form these impressions, but the conclusions we make about other people based on our impressions.

它不仅包括我们如何形成这些印象，还包括我们基于印象对他人做出的结论。

Consider how often you make this kind of judgment every day.

想想你每天多么频繁地做出这种判断。

When you meet with a new co-worker, you immediately begin to develop an initial impression of this person.

当你遇到新同事时，你立刻开始形成对这个人的初步印象。

When you visit the grocery store, you might draw conclusions about the cashier who checks you out.

当你去杂货店时，你可能会对为你结账的收银员得出结论。

Obviously, person perception is a very subjective process that can be affected by a number of variables, including the characteristics of the person you are observing, the context of the situation, your own personal traits, and your past experiences.

显然，'person perception'是一个非常主观的过程，可能受到多种变量的影响，包括你观察的人的特征、情境的背景、你自己的个人特质以及你的过去经历。

One of the techniques we use in person perception is social categorization.

我们在'person perception'中使用的技术之一是'social categorization'。

In this process, we mentally categorize people into different groups based on common characteristics.

在这个过程中，我们基于共同特征在心理上将人归类到不同群体。

Problems with this technique include the fact that it can lead to errors and prejudice.

这种技术的问题包括它可能导致错误和偏见。

Imagine that you are getting on a bus.

想象你正在上一辆公交车。

There are only two seats available.

只有两个座位可用。

One is next to a small, elderly woman.

一个座位旁边是一位瘦小的老年妇女。

The other is next to a muscular, fierce-looking man.

另一个座位旁边是一位肌肉发达、相貌凶恶的男人。

You sit next to the elderly woman, who unfortunately turns out to be quite skilled at picking pockets.

你坐在老年妇女旁边，不幸的是，她非常擅长扒窃。

Because of social categorization, you immediately judge the woman as harmless and the man as threatening, leading to the loss of your wallet.

由于'social categorization'，你立刻判断妇女无害而男人有威胁，导致你钱包丢失。

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题16至18基于你刚刚听到的篇章。

Question 16. What does the passage say we tend to do every day?

问题16. 篇章说我们每天倾向于做什么？

Question 17. What do we learn about person perception from this passage?

问题17. 从这篇篇章中我们了解到关于'person perception'的什么？

Question 18. What is the problem with using social categorization in person perception?

问题18. 在'person perception'中使用'social categorization'的问题是什么？

Passage 2.

段落2。

Despite smartphones and social media, young people today are as socially competent as those from the previous generation.

尽管有智能手机和社交媒体，今天的年轻人与上一代人一样具备社交能力。

At least, this is what a new study suggests.

至少，一项新研究表明了这一点。

For the study, researchers compared teacher and parent evaluations of American children who started kindergarten in 1998 with those who began school in 2010.

在这项研究中，研究人员比较了1998年上幼儿园的美国儿童与2010年开始上学的儿童在教师和家长评价方面的差异。

The former group entered kindergarten when mobile phones were luxuries.

前一组儿童进入幼儿园时，手机还是奢侈品。

The latter group started school when mobile devices were widespread.

后一组儿童开始上学时，移动设备已经普及。

Results showed both groups of children were rated similarly on important social skills.

结果显示，两组儿童在重要社交技能方面的评分相似。

These included the ability to form and maintain friendships and get along with people who were different.

这些技能包括建立和维持友谊的能力，以及与不同的人相处的能力。

They were also rated similarly on self-control, such as the ability to regulate their temper.

他们在自我控制方面的评分也相似，例如控制脾气的能力。

In virtually every comparison made, ratings of social skills either remained constant or improved for the children born later.

在几乎每一项比较中，后来出生的儿童的社交技能评分要么保持不变，要么有所提高。

There was one exception.

有一个例外。

Social skills were slightly lower for children who accessed online games and social networking sites many times a day.

对于每天多次访问在线游戏和社交网站的儿童，社交技能略低。

Adults are worried when technological change starts to undermine traditional relationships, particularly the parent-child relationship.

当成年人担心技术变革开始破坏传统关系，尤其是亲子关系时。

The introduction of telephones, automobiles, and radio all led to moral panic among adults of the time because the technology allowed children to enjoy more freedom.

电话、汽车和收音机的引入都导致了当时成年人的道德恐慌，因为这些技术让孩子们享有更多自由。

Fears over screen-based technology represent the most recent panic in response to technological change.

对基于屏幕的技术的恐惧代表了应对技术变革的最新恐慌。

But overall, the study found little evidence that time spent on screens was hurting social skills for most children.

但总体而言，研究发现几乎没有证据表明屏幕时间会损害大多数儿童的社交技能。

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题19至21基于你刚才听到的段落。

Question 19. What does the new study suggest about young people today and those from the previous generation?

问题19：新研究对今天的年轻人和上一代人有何启示？

Question 20. What did the study find about children who accessed social networking sites many times a day?

问题20：研究对每天多次访问社交网站的儿童发现了什么？

Question 21. What is adults' worry about technological change?

问题21：成年人对技术变革的担忧是什么？

Passage 3.

第三篇。

It's easy to spend all day searching for inspiration.

很容易花一整天时间寻找灵感。

You can find incredible videos, articles, and news stories about the success of others.

你可以找到关于他人成功的令人惊叹的视频、文章和新闻报道。

The problem is that consuming the success and ideas of others is passive inspiration.

问题在于，消费他人的成功和想法是被动灵感。

Every time you read an article or listen to an interview, you're practicing passive inspiration.

每次你阅读一篇文章或听取一次采访，你都在实践被动灵感。

You might learn something, but you don't actually have to do anything.

你可能会学到一些东西，但实际上你不需要做任何事情。

Hearing about other people's success isn't the same as creating your own.

听说他人的成功与创造自己的成功不同。

Instead, it is through the process of active inspiration, the act of creating things, applying new ideas to our goals, and making mistakes, that we discover who we are and what is important to us.

相反，正是通过主动灵感的过程——创造事物、将新想法应用于我们的目标、并犯错误——我们才发现自己是谁以及什么对我们重要。

Furthermore, active inspiration is what results in long-term passion and enthusiasm.

此外，主动灵感才是产生长期热情和激情的原因。

Watching someone else's success might leave you feeling excited for a few minutes.

观看他人的成功可能会让你兴奋几分钟。

However, taking action and applying a new idea to your life will inspire you more than anything someone else could say.

然而，采取行动并将新想法应用于你的生活，会比别人说的任何话都更能激励你。

Learning and listening can help you think about things in a different way, but creating, producing, and experimenting is what drives you forward.

学习和倾听可以帮助你以不同方式思考事物，但创造、生产和实验才是推动你前进的动力。

Passive inspiration can give you ideas, but active inspiration will give you power.

被动灵感可以给你想法，但主动灵感会给你力量。

Too often we spend our lives consuming the world around us instead of creating it.

我们常常花费一生的时间消费周围的世界，而不是创造它。

And what matters is the power your actions have to inspire you.

重要的是你的行动所具有的激励你的力量。

The best inspiration comes from the application of ideas, not the consumption of them.

最好的灵感来自于想法的应用，而不是对它们的消费。

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题22到25基于你刚刚听到的篇章。

Question 22. What does the speaker say about inspiration from consuming others' ideas and success stories?

问题22. 演讲者对通过消费他人想法和成功故事获得的灵感说了什么？

Question 23. What do we learn from the passage about active inspiration?

问题23. 从篇章中我们了解到关于主动灵感的什么？

Question 24. What does the passage say passive inspiration can do?

问题24. 篇章说被动灵感能做什么？

Question 25. Where does the best inspiration come from, according to the passage? That's the end of Listening Comprehension.

问题25. 根据篇章，最好的灵感来自哪里？听力理解到此结束。