2022年09月四级第1套长篇阅读匹配原文翻译及答案

A) At whatever grade level teachers find themselves, from kindergarten to the final class at medical or law school, few moments stir the emotions as deeply as when former students reappear years and often decades later with an update on where their journey has taken them and what resiliencies (韧性) have been the pavement on which they've traveled.

无论教师身处哪个年级，从幼儿园到医学院或法学院的最终课程，很少有时刻能像这样深深触动情感：当昔日学生在多年甚至数十年后重新出现，分享他们的旅程走向以及支撑他们前行的韧性。

B) So it was when a recent letter came from Kelli Harding, a student 21 years ago in my Peace Studies summer course in Washington. The weekly tuition-free class, in a roomy space that Ralph Nader and his Public Citizen nonprofit group provided, was discussion-based and required no useless homework or exams. Just come in and figure out how to increase peace and decrease violence. And do it today, tomorrow is too late. The course attracted mostly congressional interns (实习生), with a few exceptions like Kelli who was in Washington as an AmeriCorps volunteer.

最近一封来自凯利·哈丁的信就是如此，她是我21年前在华盛顿教授的和平研究暑期课程的学生。这门每周一次、免费的课程在一个由拉尔夫·纳德及其非营利组织“公共公民”提供的宽敞空间进行，以讨论为基础，不需要无用的作业或考试。只需参与进来，思考如何增加和平、减少暴力。并要今天就做，明天就太晚了。这门课程主要吸引了国会实习生，但也有少数例外，比如凯利，她当时是AmeriCorps志愿者在华盛顿。

C) Her year-long service included comforting AIDs patients at a free health clinic and delivering meals to the homebound. It was a world apart from her undergraduate days at the University of California-Berkeley majoring in political science. The Washington experience, which Kelli would later call "transformative", was the fuel that carried her into medicine to earn a master's degree in public health from Columbia University and a medical degree from the University of Rochester, and almost two decades of practice as an emergency-room psychiatrist (精神科医生) at New York-Presbyterian Hospital and a clinical professor of psychiatry at Columbia University Irving Medical Center.

她为期一年的服务包括在一家免费健康诊所安慰艾滋病患者，以及为居家者送餐。这与她本科在加州大学伯克利分校主修政治学的日子截然不同。华盛顿的经历，凯利后来称之为“变革性”，是推动她进入医学领域的动力，她在哥伦比亚大学获得公共卫生硕士学位，在罗切斯特大学获得医学学位，并在纽约长老会医院作为急诊室精神科医生行医近二十年，同时担任哥伦比亚大学欧文医学中心的精神病学临床教授。

D) Kelli's letter, a literate update on both her personal and professional life, touched my heart, and especially so when saying that two decades later she still has the course text, "Solutions to Violence," and that "it remains one of my favorite possessions." She lives in Lower Manhattan with her husband, Padraic, whom she met on a flight to London, and their three boys.

凯利的信，对她个人和职业生活的文采更新，触动了我的心，尤其是当她说二十年后她仍然拥有课程教材《暴力的解决方案》时，以及“它仍然是我最喜欢的物品之一。”她与丈夫帕德里克住在下曼哈顿，两人是在飞往伦敦的航班上相识的，还有他们的三个男孩。

E) If Kelli stands out, it's because she is also a gifted writer. Last month, Atria Books published her book The Rabbit Effect: Live Longer, Happier, and Healthier with the Groundbreaking Science of Kindness.

如果凯利脱颖而出，那是因为她还是一位天才作家。上个月，Atria Books出版了她的书《兔子效应：用革命性的善良科学活得更长、更快乐、更健康》。

F) With a blending of free-flowing confessional prose and scholarly research found in 461 notes, Kelli met my expectations that her ideas and ideals would be sound and singular. "Despite our scientific progress," she writes, "Americans are remarkably unhealthy. In 2016, the United States ranked forty-third in the world for life expectancy... It is also by far the world's most expensive place to get sick."

通过自由流畅的忏悔体散文和学术研究的结合，凯利满足了我的期望，即她的想法和理念会是可靠而独特的。“尽管科学进步，”她写道，“美国人非常不健康。2016年，美国在预期寿命方面排名世界第四十三位……它也是迄今为止世界上最昂贵的生病之地。”

G) Enter the rabbits-not those running around in our woodlands but ones serving in two month-long medical experiments to test the effects of eating a high-fat diet and the connections between cholesterol and heart disease. With similar diets, the expectations were that all the rabbits would have similar cloggings of their arteries (动脉堵塞). Yet one group had 60% fewer of them.

提到兔子——不是那些在我们林地里跑来跑去的，而是参与为期两个月的医学实验的兔子，以测试高脂肪饮食的影响以及胆固醇与心脏病之间的联系。由于饮食相似，预期所有兔子会有相似的动脉堵塞。然而，一组兔子的堵塞少了60%。

H) The reason? Instead of receiving the standard care given to lab animals, the 60% group was watched over by a newcomer to the lab who, Kelli writes, "handled the animals differently. When she fed her rabbits she talked to them and petted them. She didn't just pass out food, she gave them love... The studies indicate something is missing in the traditional biomedical model. It wasn't diet or genetics that made a difference in which rabbits got sick and which stayed healthy. It was kindness."

原因是什么？与接受实验室动物标准护理的组不同，60%的组由实验室的一位新成员照看，凯利写道，“她对待动物的方式不同。她喂兔子时，会和它们说话并抚摸它们。她不只是分发食物，她给了它们爱……研究表明传统生物医学模型中缺少了一些东西。让兔子生病或保持健康的差异，不是饮食或遗传，而是善良。”

I) Amid the political noise about Obamacare, Medicare, Medicaid, health insurance and thieving pharmaceutical (医药的) companies, Kelli Harding stands apart from the crowd calling for quick fixes, the simpler the better. She has walked too many miles in the halls of hospitals visiting too many far-gone patients and seeing too many medical mistakes to go along with conventional thinking.

在关于奥巴马医改、医疗保险、医疗补助、健康保险和贪婪的医药公司的政治喧嚣中，凯利·哈丁独树一帜，远离那些呼吁快速解决方案的人群，越简单越好。她在医院走廊里走了太多英里，探访了太多病情严重的患者，目睹了太多医疗错误，无法随波逐流于传统思维。

J) "The rabbit effect," she explains, means that "when it comes to our health, we've been missing some crucial pieces: hidden factors behind what really makes us healthy. Factors like love, friendship, and dignity. The designs of our neighborhoods, schools, and workplaces. There's a social dimension to health that we've completely overlooked in our efforts to find the best and most cutting-edge medical care... Ultimately, what affects our health in the most meaningful ways has more to do with how we treat one another, how we live, and how we think about what it means to be human than with anything that happens in the doctor's office."

“兔子效应，”她解释说，“意味着当涉及到我们的健康时，我们遗漏了一些关键部分：真正使我们健康的隐藏因素。比如爱、友谊和尊严。我们社区、学校和工作场所的设计。健康有一个社会维度，我们在寻找最佳和最尖端医疗护理的努力中完全忽视了……最终，以最有意义的方式影响我们健康的，更多是关于我们如何对待彼此、如何生活、如何思考何为人类，而不是发生在医生办公室里的任何事情。”

K) In more than a few passages, she relates the stories of men and women who came up against assembly-line medicine where patients were treated mostly as pieces of flesh. "Clinically," she writes, "it's common to see two patients with the same condition, such as recovering from a heart attack, have two very different courses based on seemingly irrelevant factors, such as their family relationships or their educational levels. In my practice, the sickest people I see often share similar backgrounds: loneliness, abuse, poverty, or discrimination. For them, the medical model isn't enough. It's like fixing up an airplane engine and ignoring that the pilot is on his third drink at the bar and a massive storm is overhead.... To properly care for patients, we also need to care about the lives of the people getting the care."

在不止几个段落中，她讲述了那些面对流水线医学的男性和女性的故事，在那里患者大多被视为肉体碎片。“临床上，”她写道，“常见两个患有相同疾病（如心脏病康复期）的患者，基于看似无关的因素（如家庭关系或教育水平）有非常不同的病程。在我的实践中，我看到的最重病患者往往有相似的背景：孤独、虐待、贫困或歧视。对他们来说，医学模型是不够的。这就像修理飞机引擎，却忽视了飞行员在酒吧喝第三杯酒，头顶有巨大风暴……要妥善照顾患者，我们也需要关心接受照顾的人的生活。”

L) Kelli wastes no time taking potshots at (随意批评) the medical establishment and its body-centered biomedicine methods. Instead, she remains positive, holding up for praise one of her medical school professors, George Engel, "who always noticed not just a patient's physical condition but little details about her life, such as if she had family pictures up in her hospital room or flowers delivered. He was the kind of trusted doctor you'd feel relieved to see and welcome into the room with a sick family member. He'd sit down to talk with the patient not just about medical problems, but about her life and priorities. He built a large consultation service to address the holistic (整体的) needs of hospitalized patients, including psychological and social factors."

凯利毫不浪费时间地随意批评医学界及其以身体为中心的生物医学方法。相反，她保持积极，赞扬了她医学院的一位教授乔治·恩格尔，“他不仅注意到患者的身体状况，还注意到她生活的小细节，比如她的病房里是否有家庭照片或收到的鲜花。他是那种你见到会放心、并欢迎他进入有生病家人房间的可信赖医生。他会坐下来与患者谈论不仅是医疗问题，还有她的生活和优先事项。他建立了一个大型咨询服务，以满足住院患者的整体需求，包括心理和社会因素。”

M) It's a guess how many George Engels in their white jackets are at work these days and another speculation on the number of Kelli Hardings the nation is blessed with. May the totals be large and getting larger.

如今有多少穿着白大褂的乔治·恩格尔在工作，以及全国有多少凯利·哈丁这样的幸运儿，都是一个猜测。愿总数越来越大。