2022年09月四级第1套仔细阅读 Passage 1 原文翻译及答案解析

Academic dishonesty is nothing new. As long as there have been homework assignments and tests, there have been cheaters. The way that cheating looks has changed over time, though, particularly now that technology has made it easier than ever. A study by the Josephson Institute of Ethics interviewed 23,000 high school students and asked them a variety of questions about academic ethics. Of the teens surveyed, 51 percent said that they had knowingly cheated at some point on an exam but that they did not feel uneasy about the behaviour. A Common Sense Media survey found that 35 percent of students had cheated via smartphone, though the parents surveyed in that particular study did not believe their kids had ever cheated. In many cases, students did not realize that strategies like looking up answers on a smartphone were actually cheating at all.

学术不端行为并非新鲜事。只要有作业和考试，就会有作弊者。然而，作弊的形式随着时间发生了变化，尤其是现在科技使得作弊比以往更容易。约瑟夫森伦理研究所的一项研究采访了23,000名高中生，询问他们关于学术伦理的各种问题。在调查的青少年中，51%的人表示他们曾在考试中有意作弊，但对自己的行为并不感到不安。常识媒体的一项调查发现，35%的学生曾通过智能手机作弊，尽管该研究中受访的家长不相信他们的孩子曾作弊。在许多情况下，学生甚至没有意识到像用智能手机查找答案这样的策略实际上就是作弊。

In today's classrooms, students who cheat are rarely caught. There are no formulas written on the insides of hands or students looking across the aisle, or whispering answers to their classmates. Today's students use smartphones, tablets or even in-class computers to aid their cheating attempts and leave no trace of their crimes. Since cheating through technology is not listed specifically as being against the rules in many school policies, students do not view the actions unethical.

在今天的课堂上，作弊的学生很少被抓住。没有学生在手心写公式、偷看邻座或小声告诉同学答案。今天的学生使用智能手机、平板电脑甚至课堂电脑来辅助作弊，并且不留痕迹。由于在许多学校政策中，通过科技作弊并未被明确列为违反规则，学生并不认为这些行为不道德。

The technology is being adopted so quickly that school districts cannot adequately keep up with cheating policies, or even awareness campaigns that alert students to the problem with using technology to find answers in a certain way. From a young age, students learn that answers exist conveniently at their fingertips through search engines and expert websites.

科技被采用得如此迅速，以至于学区无法充分跟上作弊政策，甚至无法及时开展宣传活动来提醒学生使用科技以某种方式查找答案的问题。从小，学生就学会通过搜索引擎和专家网站，答案就方便地存在于他们指尖。

Schools must develop anti-cheating policies that include technology and these policies must be updated consistently. Teachers must stay on guard when it comes to what their students are doing in classrooms and how technology could be playing a negative role in the learning process. Parents must also talk to their kids about the appropriate ways to find academic answers and alert them to unethical behaviours that may seem innocent in their own eyes.

学校必须制定包含科技在内的反作弊政策，并且这些政策必须不断更新。教师必须警惕学生在课堂上的行为以及科技如何在学习过程中发挥负面作用。家长也必须与孩子讨论寻找学术答案的适当方式，并提醒他们注意那些在自己眼中可能看似无害的不道德行为。