2022年12月四级第1套长篇阅读匹配原文翻译及答案

A) This fall, thousands of college students from across the country will begin their undergraduate studies at colleges around the nation. They will inevitably pack too much to fit in their tiny dorm rooms. They will also carry with them a huge student loan debt, in addition to countless "hidden" out-of-pocket costs paid for by their bank accounts and the bank accounts of their families.

今年秋天，来自全国各地的数千名大学生将在全国各高校开始他们的本科学习。他们不可避免地会打包太多东西，塞不进狭小的宿舍。除了无数的“隐藏”自付费用由他们及其家人的银行账户支付外，他们还将背负巨额学生贷款债务。

B) At my well-respected, private, four-year university in Washington, D.C., which boasts a yearly tuition of $44,046 not including room and board, I receive over $57,000 yearly in financial aid. As a student from a family that is struggling to make ends meet, my financial aid package is a combination of federal grants and federal work study, university merit scholarships and financial aid awards, and about $8,000 yearly in federally subsidized (有补贴的) and unsubsidized loans. On paper, my expenses and my financial aid just about even out. Off paper, they don't.

我就读于华盛顿特区一所备受尊敬的私立四年制大学，该校年学费高达44,046美元，不含食宿费。我每年获得超过57,000美元的财政援助。作为一个来自入不敷出家庭的学生，我的财政援助包括联邦助学金和联邦勤工俭学、大学奖学金和财政援助奖励，以及每年约8,000美元的联邦补贴和非补贴贷款。表面上，我的开支和财政援助几乎持平。实际上，它们并非如此。

C) Universities today are in the business of making money, and mine is no exception. They hit me right out of gate with a $160 fee to attend my freshman orientation, a price which does not include the cost of travel to and from the District. Almost every class has an associated fee not included in the cost of tuition, most between $40 and $100. Fees for lab science classes are the highest, and all students at my university are required to take at least one lab before they graduate. Buying a laptop proved a necessity and, thankfully, a relative bought me one as a gift. Renting a mini-fridge for my dorm room costs my roommates and me about $140 a year.

今天的大学都在赚钱，我的学校也不例外。他们一开始就向我收取160美元参加新生迎新会的费用，这个价格不包括往返特区的交通费。几乎每门课都有额外费用，不包含在学费中，大多在40到100美元之间。实验科学课的费用最高，而且我们大学的所有学生毕业前都必须至少选修一门实验课。购买笔记本电脑成了必需品，幸好一位亲戚送了我一台作为礼物。在宿舍租用迷你冰箱，我和室友们每年要花费约140美元。

D) Schools will charge you whatever they can. The costs of any damage to the dorm, including elevators, bathrooms, and common areas, are billed to every person on a dorm floor, or even the entire building if they do not know who caused the damage. After I fell out of my bed twice during my freshman year, the university installed a railing- for $ 20, billed to my student account. My financial aid did not anticipate any of these costs, and so it did not cover them.

学校会尽可能向你收费。宿舍的任何损坏，包括电梯、浴室和公共区域的损坏，费用都会分摊给宿舍楼的每个人，甚至整栋楼的人，如果他们不知道是谁造成的。大一那年我从床上掉下来两次后，大学安装了护栏——收费20美元，记入我的学生账户。我的财政援助没有预料到这些费用，因此没有涵盖它们。

E) An Internet search of "hidden costs" of college turns up a host of articles on parent-centered websites on the college application process. These articles are almost always geared towards upper- and middle class families. For students already struggling to pay tuition, these costs may be the least of their worries.

在网上搜索大学的“隐藏费用”，会出现许多针对家长的网站上关于大学申请过程的文章。这些文章几乎总是面向中上层阶级家庭。对于已经在为学费挣扎的学生来说，这些费用可能是他们最不担心的。

F) So what hidden costs should low-income students really be paying attention to? My college experience offers a few examples.

那么，低收入学生真正应该关注哪些隐藏费用呢？我的大学经历提供了几个例子。

G) If you are a low-income student who will be attending school out-of-state, make sure you know if you can use your state benefits, such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, or SNAP. It wasn't until after I had accepted admission to an out-of-state school that I learned that I could not use my Ohio Medicaid on campus for anything other than emergency care. My benefits became invalid the second I moved out of Ohio. After my freshman year, I had to opt for the school's insurance plan, which costs around $2,000 a year. Even if your school offers a flat-rate fee for a doctor's appointment at the student health center (mine is $ 20 a visit), these fees often do not include extra fees for lab tests or prescription medications (药物).

如果你是一名即将到外州上学的低收入学生，一定要了解你是否可以使用本州福利，例如补充营养援助计划（SNAP）。直到我接受了一所外州学校的录取后，我才知道我不能在校园里使用我的俄亥俄州医疗补助，除了紧急护理。我搬离俄亥俄州的那一刻，我的福利就失效了。大一之后，我不得不选择学校的保险计划，每年花费约2,000美元。即使你的学校对学生健康中心的医生预约收取统一费用（我这里是每次20美元），这些费用通常不包括实验室测试或处方药的额外费用。

H) If you plan on paying off bills in your student account with a credit card, be aware of any additional costs. My school charges an additional fee for the use of a credit card to settle outstanding charges, which can add upwards of 3% of the balance to your bill.

如果你计划用信用卡支付学生账户的账单，请注意任何额外费用。我的学校对使用信用卡支付未结费用收取额外费用，这可能会给你的账单增加高达3%的余额。

I) There is another depressing reality hidden within even the largest financial aid packages: Colleges often offer the most generous packages during freshman year as a way to attract new students. My family was careful to ask about the chances of financial aid being taken away after my freshman year. We were assured that, except for low grades or a raise in family income, no money would be taken away. We did not know to ask—and the school did not readily point out—that even if tuition rises, my financial aid package will stay the same. So when my university voted to raise tuition costs 3% at the end of my freshman year, my financial aid package remained the same and I was suddenly responsible for an additional $ 1,200 for the next year. The university administration will likely vote to raise costs at least once more before my graduation.

即使在最大的财政援助包中，也隐藏着另一个令人沮丧的现实：大学通常在新生年提供最慷慨的援助包，以此吸引新学生。我的家人小心地询问了大一之后财政援助被取消的可能性。我们得到保证，除了成绩低或家庭收入增加外，不会减少任何资金。我们不知道要问——学校也没有主动指出——即使学费上涨，我的财政援助包也会保持不变。所以当我的大学在大一结束时投票将学费提高3%时，我的财政援助包保持不变，而我突然要为下一年额外承担1,200美元。大学管理层可能会在我毕业前至少再投票一次提高费用。

J) Yes, I chose to attend an expensive university far from my hometown. Yes, there were cheaper options. But there are promising students from struggling families across the nation who should not rule out their dream schools entirely. All things considered, I am paying significantly less than the ticket price of my university, and having an educational experience in Washington, D.C., that I would not have had anywhere else. As a low-income student from a down-and-out Rust Belt community, these educational experiences have enormous potential to brighten my future—and my family's future.

是的，我选择了一所离家很远的昂贵大学。是的，还有更便宜的选择。但全国各地来自困难家庭的有前途的学生，不应完全排除他们的梦想学校。综合考虑，我支付的费用远低于大学的标价，并在华盛顿特区获得了在其他地方无法获得的教育经历。作为一个来自衰落铁锈带社区的低收入学生，这些教育经历有巨大潜力照亮我的未来——以及我家人的未来。

K) The key is to make sure that students and their families understand that hidden costs exist, and that they may prove problematic. Fill out a more comprehensive checklist, and be wary of listed prices that seem too low. Understand just how complicated the financial aid process is.

关键是确保学生及其家人明白隐藏费用的存在，并且它们可能会成为问题。填写更全面的检查清单，并对那些看起来太低的报价保持警惕。理解财政援助过程有多么复杂。

L) Students and families must also understand their ability to self-advocate. They should not pay student bills or excess fees blindly. If something does not look right, ask about it. If it still doesn't look right, negotiate it. In cases where parents are working multiple jobs, are less knowledgeable about college bureaucracies, have limited English language skills, or are not contributing financially to their child's education, the burden of self-advocacy will fall on the student. I understand the difficulty, and the embarrassment. But it is necessary.

学生和家人还必须理解他们自我倡导的能力。他们不应盲目支付学生账单或额外费用。如果有什么看起来不对劲，就询问。如果仍然不对劲，就协商。在父母打多份工、对大学官僚体制了解有限、英语能力有限或不为孩子教育提供经济支持的情况下，自我倡导的负担将落在学生身上。我理解困难，以及尴尬。但这是必要的。

M) In the grand scheme of things, however, colleges also must come to understand that the hidden fees they ask for may prove unmanageable for the very kinds of low-income or first-generation students they are trying desperately to attract.

然而，从大局来看，大学也必须明白，他们要求的隐藏费用对于那些他们拼命吸引的低收入或第一代学生来说，可能会变得难以管理。