2022年12月四级第1套仔细阅读 Passage 1 原文翻译及答案解析

To write his 2010 book, The 5-Factor World Diet, nutritionist Harley Pasternak traveled to the healthiest countries around the world to learn more about what made their meals extra nourishing.

为了撰写他的2010年著作《五因素世界饮食》，营养学家哈利·帕斯特纳克前往世界上最健康的国家，以了解更多是什么让他们的饮食格外滋养。

He noted that Japanese people ate a wonderful variety of seaweeds, and that Chinese people tried to include at least five different colors in every meal. Pasternak also came away with some valuable observations about how different the North American way of life was, compared with many other countries.

他注意到日本人食用多种多样的海藻，而中国人则试图在每餐中至少包含五种不同颜色的食物。帕斯特纳克还得出了一些宝贵的观察，关于北美生活方式与许多其他国家相比是多么不同。

For starters, Americans eat much bigger portions than people in other countries. "We don't prioritize eating seasonally or locally, and we also add lots of salt, sugar and thickening agents to our foods," explained Pasternak. Contrast that to the healthy Mediterranean, Nordic and Okinawan diets listed in Pasternak's book. They all seem to stick to the ethos (特质) of regional, seasonal produce.

首先，美国人比其他国家的人吃更大的份量。帕斯特纳克解释说：“我们不优先考虑食用当季或本地的食物，而且我们还在食物中添加大量的盐、糖和增稠剂。”相比之下，帕斯特纳克书中列出的地中海、北欧和冲绳的健康饮食。它们似乎都坚持使用地区性、季节性农产品的理念（特质）。

For example, a traditional Mediterranean diet includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and olive oil as the main components of nutritional intake. Fish, chicken and red wine make moderate appearances, while red meat, salt and sugar are used much less often. The benefits of a traditional Mediterranean diet have been studied since the 1970s, and researchers have found that living that olive oil life can help people lose weight, lower their heart disease risk and reverse diabetes.

例如，传统的地中海饮食包括水果、蔬菜、全谷物、坚果和橄榄油作为营养摄入的主要成分。鱼类、鸡肉和红酒适度出现，而红肉、盐和糖的使用频率则低得多。传统地中海饮食的益处自20世纪70年代以来已被研究，研究人员发现，过那种橄榄油生活可以帮助人们减肥、降低心脏病风险并逆转糖尿病。

Most other healthy eating cultures also make meals an event—say, multiple courses around the family table, or a glass or two of red wine at a long lunch as opposed to hastily wolfing down handfuls of cereal above the kitchen sink and calling it dinner.

大多数其他健康的饮食文化也将用餐视为一种活动——例如，在家庭餐桌上享用多道菜肴，或在午餐时喝一两杯红酒，而不是匆忙地在厨房水槽上狼吞虎咽几把麦片并称之为晚餐。

Each of the healthy eating cultures has its own unique feature. But Pasternak did take note of one unifying factor in all of the healthy societies he observed. "The only overlapping feature in most of these healthy countries is that they all walk way more than the average American," said Pasternak. "So really, regardless of what you're eating, if someone's walking four miles more than you each day, they're going to be a lot thinner and live a lot longer than you."

每种健康的饮食文化都有其独特的特点。但帕斯特纳克确实在他观察的所有健康社会中注意到了一个共同因素。帕斯特纳克说：“在这些健康国家中，唯一的共同特征是他们的步行量远超普通美国人。”“所以，实际上，无论你吃什么，如果有人每天比你多走四英里，他们就会比你瘦得多，也长寿得多。