2022年12月四级第1套选词填空原文翻译及答案解析

Researchers, writing in the journal Heart, pooled data from 23 studies and found that social isolation or feelings of loneliness were tied to an increased risk of coronary heart disease (冠心病) and strokes.

研究人员在《心脏》杂志上撰文，汇总了23项研究的数据，发现社会孤立或孤独感与冠心病和中风的风险增加有关。

The studies included data from 181,006 men and women ages 18 and over. There were 4,628 coronary events and 3,002 strokes in follow-up periods __26__ from three to 21 years. Three of the papers __27__ loneliness, 18 looked at social isolation and two included both. Social isolation and loneliness were determined with questionnaires; the researchers depended on medical records and death __28__ for determining coronary events and strokes.

这些研究涵盖了18岁及以上181,006名男性和女性的数据。在随访期（从三年到二十一年）内，发生了4,628例冠状动脉事件和3,002例中风。其中三篇论文认证了孤独感，18篇考察了社会孤立，两篇包括了两者。社会孤立和孤独感通过问卷确定；研究人员依赖医疗记录和死亡记录来确定冠状动脉事件和中风。

The scientists found that loneliness and social isolation increased the __29__ risk of having a heart attack or a death from heart disease by __29__ percent, and the risk of stroke by __32__ percent. There were no __30__ between men and women.

科学家发现，孤独感和社会孤立使心脏病发作或心脏病死亡的已知风险增加了已知百分比，中风风险增加了测量百分比。男性和女性之间没有显示出差异。

People have tended to focus from a policy point of view on __31__ lonely people to make them more __32__ said the lead author, Nicole K. Valtorta, a research fellow at the University of York in England. "Our study __33__ that if this is a risk factor, then we should be trying to prevent the risk factor in the first place."

主要作者、英国约克大学研究员妮可·K·瓦尔托塔说：“从政策角度来看，人们往往关注孤独人群的差异，使他们更易于测量。”“我们的研究表明，如果这是一个风险因素，那么我们应该首先尝试预防这个风险因素。”

The authors __34__ that this was a review of observational studies and did not __35__ cause and effect.

作者确定，这是一项观察性研究的综述，并未缩小因果关系。