2022年12月四级第3套仔细阅读 Passage 1 原文翻译及答案解析

Even though we are living in an age where growing old is thought of as an inevitable misery, this doctor has been changing the game for seniors over the last 25 years.

尽管我们生活在一个认为变老是不可避免的苦难的时代，但这位医生在过去25年里一直在为老年人改变游戏规则。

It all started in 1991 when the Harvard-educated physician was transferred from working in a stressful emergency room to being the medical director of a nursing home in upstate New York. The depressing and regimented (严格管制的) environment got him thinking on what exactly could improve the residents, conditions.

这一切始于1991年，当时这位哈佛大学毕业的医生从一个压力巨大的急诊室被调任到纽约州北部一家疗养院担任医疗主任。那种压抑和严格管制的环境促使他思考究竟能做什么来改善居民们的状况。

Even though animals in nursing homes were illegal at the time, Dr. Bill Thomas took a chance. Based on a hunch (直觉), he brought in two dogs, four cats, hens, rabbits, 100 birds, a multitude of plants, a flower garden, and a vegetable patch.

尽管当时在疗养院饲养动物是非法的，但比尔·托马斯医生还是冒险一试。基于直觉，他引入了两只狗、四只猫、母鸡、兔子、100只鸟、众多植物、一个花圃和一块菜园。

The change was dramatic. There was a 50% drop in medical prescriptions along with a dramatic decrease in death rates — but most importantly, the residents were simply happier. Dr. Thomas's approach, named the Eden Alternative, has driven nursing homes to allow a more autonomous (自主的) and creative living space for their elderly. It erases the belief that growing old means growing useless. He encourages residents to think of their age as an enriching new phase of life rather than the end of it.

变化是显著的。医疗处方减少了50%，死亡率也大幅下降——但最重要的是，居民们更快乐了。托马斯医生的方法，被命名为伊甸园替代方案，促使疗养院为老年人提供一个更加自主和创造性的居住空间。它消除了变老意味着变得无用的观念。他鼓励居民们将自己的年龄视为生活丰富的新阶段，而不是终点。

Thomas, now a speaker and author of several books, also created small, independently-run residences with their own bedrooms and bathrooms, and he has been preaching a singular message that getting old is not a bad thing.

托马斯现在是一位演讲家和几本书的作者，他还创建了小型、独立经营的住所，配有独立的卧室和浴室，并且他一直宣扬一个独特的信息：变老并不是坏事。

"Within six weeks, they had to send a truck around to pick up all the wheelchairs," Thomas told the Washington Post. " You know why most people in nursing homes use wheelchairs? Because the buildings are so big."

“在六周内，他们不得不派一辆卡车四处收集所有轮椅，”托马斯告诉《华盛顿邮报》。 “你知道为什么疗养院里大多数人使用轮椅吗？因为建筑物太大了。”

The 56-year-old doctor's methods have been adopted in Australia, Japan, Canada, and America with enormous success. Last year he published Second Wind: Navigating the Passage to a Slower, Deeper, and More Connected Life, a guide on how to shift our perspectives on aging and growth.

这位56岁医生的方法已在澳大利亚、日本、加拿大和美国被采用，并取得了巨大成功。去年，他出版了《第二风：导航通往更慢、更深、更连接的生活之路》，这是一本关于如何转变我们对衰老和成长看法的指南。

He is currently traveling through North America performing with his guitar and his enthusiasm on his Age of Disruption Tour.

他目前正在北美巡回演出，带着他的吉他和热情，在他的“颠覆时代巡演”中表演。