2022年12月四级第3套仔细阅读 Passage 2 原文翻译及答案解析

Research shows that in developed countries, more affluent and educated people tend to consume higher-quality diets—including more fruits and vegetables, fish and whole grains. On the contrary, economically disadvantaged people report diets that are nutrient-poor and energy-dense. They are less likely to have food-purchasing habits that conform to public health recommendations.

研究表明，在发达国家，更富裕和受过良好教育的人倾向于消费更高质量的饮食——包括更多的水果和蔬菜、鱼类和全谷物。相反，经济上处于不利地位的人报告说他们的饮食营养贫乏且能量密集。他们不太可能拥有符合公共卫生建议的食品购买习惯。

These dietary differences are often accompanied by higher rates of obesity and diabetes among lower- income people. This relationship between social class and diet quality and health is extensively documented. However, the research does not explain why this is the case- a question that has significant implications for designing effective policies and initiatives to improve diets and prevent chronic diseases.

这些饮食差异往往伴随着低收入人群中更高的肥胖症和糖尿病发病率。社会阶层与饮食质量及健康之间的关系已被广泛记录。然而，研究并未解释为什么会这样——这个问题对于设计有效政策和举措以改善饮食和预防慢性病具有重要意义。

Public-health initiatives to promote healthy diets often focus on providing nutrition education and recipes (食谱). These approaches, however, often presume less food literacy (i.e. food knowledge and skills) among low-income people. Are unhealthy diets really the result of poor choices, limited food skills and knowledge?

促进健康饮食的公共卫生举措通常侧重于提供营养教育和食谱。然而，这些方法往往假设低收入人群的食品素养较低（即食品知识和技能）。不健康的饮食真的是选择不佳、食品技能和知识有限的结果吗？

Research suggests that adults in food-insecure households are just as likely as those in food-secure households to adjust recipes to make them more healthy. They are also just as proficient in food preparation and cooking skills. There is no indication that increasing food skills or budgeting skills will reduce food insecurity.

研究表明，食品不安全家庭中的成年人与食品安全部庭中的成年人一样可能调整食谱以使其更健康。他们在食品准备和烹饪技能方面也同样熟练。没有迹象表明增加食品技能或预算技能会减少食品不安全。

Instead, disadvantaged groups are constrained by their economic, material and social circumstances. For example, low income is the strongest predictor of food insecurity in Canada, where one in eight households experiences insufficient access to nutritious foods.

相反，弱势群体受到他们的经济、物质和社会环境的限制。例如，在加拿大，低收入是食品不安全的最强预测因素，那里有八分之一的家庭无法获得足够的营养食品。

It's well-established that food prices are an important determinant of food choice. Low-income households report that they find it difficult to adopt dietary guidelines because food prices are a barrier to improving their diets.

众所周知，食品价格是食品选择的重要决定因素。低收入家庭报告说，他们发现很难采用膳食指南，因为食品价格是改善他们饮食的障碍。

When researchers estimate the cost of diets people actually eat, higher-quality diets are typically more costly.

当研究人员估计人们实际食用的饮食成本时，更高质量的饮食通常更昂贵。

While this may be so, it does not, in itself, prove that healthy diets are necessarily more expensive or cost-prohibitive. After all, not all socio-economically disadvantaged people consume poor diets.

虽然情况可能如此，但这本身并不能证明健康饮食一定更昂贵或成本过高。毕竟，并非所有社会经济上处于不利地位的人都消费糟糕的饮食。

We can easily think of a number of foods and recipes that are both inexpensive and nutritious. The internet is full of recipes for "eating well on a budget."

我们很容易想到一些既便宜又营养的食物和食谱。互联网上充满了“在预算内吃得好”的食谱。