2023年12月四级第3套长篇阅读匹配原文翻译及答案

A) As a parent of two boys at primary school, I worry about the issues associated with teenagers and social media. Newspapers are constantly filled with frightening accounts of drug addiction and aggressive behaviour supposedly caused by violent video games. But even when these accounts touch on real concerns, they do not really reflect the great mass of everyday teenage social behaviour: the online chat, the texting, the surfing, and the emergence of a new teenage sphere that is conducted digitally.

作为两个小学男孩的父母，我担心与青少年和社交媒体相关的问题。报纸上不断充斥着关于毒品成瘾和暴力行为令人恐惧的报道，这些行为据称是由暴力电子游戏引起的。但即使这些报道触及真实担忧，它们并没有真正反映大多数青少年的日常社交行为：在线聊天、发短信、上网，以及一个新兴的、数字化的青少年领域的出现。

B) New technologies always provoke generational panic, which usually has more to do with adult fears than with the lives of teenagers. In the 1930s, parents worried that radio was gaining "an irresistible hold of their children". In the 80s, the great danger was the Sony Walkman (随身听). When you look at today's digital activity, the facts are much more positive than you might expect.

新技术总是引发代际恐慌，这通常与成年人的恐惧有关，而非青少年的生活。在20世纪30年代，父母担心收音机正在'不可抗拒地控制他们的孩子'。在80年代，最大的危险是索尼随身听。当你审视今天的数字活动时，事实比你可能预期的要积极得多。

C) Indeed, social scientists who study young people have found that their digital use can be inventive and even beneficial. This is true not just in terms of their social lives, but their education too. So if you use a ton of social media, do you become unable, or unwilling, to engage in face-to-face contact? The evidence suggests not. Research by Amanda Lenhart of the Pew Research Centre, a US think tank, found that the most passionate texters are also the kids most likely to spend time with friends in person. One form of socialising doesn't replace the other. It expands it.

确实，研究年轻人的社会科学家发现，他们的数字使用可以是有创造性的，甚至有益的。这不仅适用于他们的社交生活，也适用于教育。那么，如果你大量使用社交媒体，你会变得无法或不愿意进行面对面接触吗？证据表明不会。美国智库皮尤研究中心的阿曼达·伦哈特研究发现，最热衷于发短信的孩子也最有可能与朋友面对面相处。一种社交形式不会取代另一种。它扩展了社交。

D) "Kids still spend time face to face," Lenhart says. Indeed, as they get older and are given more freedom, they often ease up on social networking. Early on, the web is their "third space", but by the late teens, it's replaced in reaction to greater independence. They have to be on Facebook, to know what's going on among friends and family, but they are ambivalent (有矛盾心理的) about it, says Rebecca Eynon, a research fellow at the Oxford Internet Institute, who has interviewed about 200 British teenagers over three years. As they gain experience with living online, they begin to adjust their behaviour, struggling with new communication skills, as they do in the real world.

'孩子们仍然花时间面对面相处，'伦哈特说。确实，随着他们长大并获得更多自由，他们往往会减少社交网络的使用。早期，网络是他们的'第三空间'，但到了青少年后期，随着独立性的增强，它被取代。他们必须上Facebook，以了解朋友和家人中发生的事情，但他们对此有矛盾心理，牛津互联网研究所的研究员丽贝卡·艾农说，她三年间采访了约200名英国青少年。随着他们获得在线生活的经验，他们开始调整自己的行为，像在现实世界中一样，努力掌握新的沟通技能。

E) Parents are wrong to worry that kids don't care about privacy. In fact, they spend hours changing Facebook settings or using quick-delete sharing tools, such as Snapchat, to minimise their traces. Or they post a photograph on Instagram, have a pleasant conversation with friends and then delete it so that no traces remain.

父母担心孩子不关心隐私是错误的。事实上，他们花数小时更改Facebook设置或使用快速删除的分享工具，如Snapchat，以最小化他们的痕迹。或者他们在Instagram上发布照片，与朋友愉快地聊天，然后删除它，不留任何痕迹。

F) This is not to say that kids always use good judgment. Like everyone else, they make mistakes — sometimes serious ones. But working out how to behave online is a new social skill. While there's plenty of drama and messiness online, it is not, for most teens, a cycle of non-stop abuse: a Pew study found only 15% of teens said someone had bullied them online in the last 12 months.

这并不是说孩子们总是使用好的判断力。像其他人一样，他们会犯错误——有时是严重的错误。但如何在网上行事是一种新的社交技能。虽然网上有很多戏剧性和混乱，但对大多数青少年来说，这不是一个持续的虐待循环：皮尤研究发现，只有15%的青少年表示在过去12个月里有人在网上欺负过他们。

G) But surely all this short-term writing is affecting literacy? Certainly, teachers worry. They say that kids use overly casual language and text-speak in writing, and don't have as much patience for long reading and complex arguments. Yet studies of first-year college papers suggest these anxieties may be partly based on misguided nostalgia (怀旧). When Stanford University scholar Andrea Lunsford gathered data on the rates of errors in "freshman composition" papers going back to 1917, she found that they were virtually identical to today.

但所有这些短期写作肯定影响了读写能力？当然，教师们担心。他们说孩子们在写作中使用过于随意的语言和短信语言，对长篇阅读和复杂论点缺乏耐心。然而，对大学一年级论文的研究表明，这些焦虑可能部分基于误导性的怀旧。当斯坦福大学学者安德里亚·伦斯福德收集了自1917年以来'新生作文'论文中错误率的数据时，她发现它们与今天几乎相同。

H) But even as error rates stayed stable, student essays have blossomed in size and complexity. They are now six times longer and, unlike older "what I did this summer" essays, they offer arguments supported by evidence. Why? Computers have vastly increased the ability of students to gather information, sample different points of view and write more fluidly.

但即使错误率保持稳定，学生作文在规模和复杂性上都有了蓬勃发展。它们现在长了六倍，而且不像过去的'这个夏天我做了什么'作文，它们提供有证据支持的论点。为什么？计算机极大地提高了学生收集信息、借鉴不同观点和更流畅写作的能力。

I) When linguist Naomi Baron studied students' instant messaging even there she found surprisingly rare usage of short forms such as "u" for "you", and as students got older, they began to write in more grammatical sentences. That is because they want to appear more adult, and they know how adults are expected to write. Clearly, teaching teens formal writing is still crucial, but texting probably isn't destroying their ability to learn it.

当语言学家娜奥米·巴伦研究学生的即时消息时，她甚至发现诸如'u'代替'you'的缩写形式使用率出奇地低，而且随着学生年龄增长，他们开始使用更符合语法的句子。这是因为他们想显得更成熟，并且知道成年人被期望如何写作。显然，教青少年正式写作仍然至关重要，但发短信可能并没有破坏他们学习它的能力。

J) It is probably true that fewer kids are heavy readers compared with two generations ago, when cheap paperbacks boosted rates of reading. But even back then, a minority of people-perhaps 20%—were lifelong heavy readers, and it was cable TV, not the internet, that struck a blow at that culture in the 1980s. Still, 15% or more of kids are found to be deeply bookish. In fact, the online world offers kids remarkable opportunities to become literate and creative because young people can now publish ideas not just to their friends, but to the world. And it turns out that when they write for strangers, their sense of "authentic audience" makes them work harder, push themselves further, and create powerful new communicative forms.

与两代人前相比，重阅读者的孩子更少，这可能是真的，那时廉价平装书提高了阅读率。但即使在那时，少数人——或许20%——是终身重阅读者，而且是20世纪80年代的有线电视，而不是互联网，对那种文化造成了打击。尽管如此，15%或更多的孩子被发现非常爱读书。事实上，网络世界为孩子们提供了成为有读写能力和创造力的非凡机会，因为年轻人现在可以将想法不仅发布给朋友，而且发布给全世界。事实证明，当他们为陌生人写作时，'真实读者'的意识让他们更努力、更进一步，并创造出强大的新沟通形式。

K) Few would deny that too much time online can be harmful. Some of the dangers are emotional: hurting someone from a distance is not the same as hurting them face to face. If we're lucky, the legal environment will change to make teenagers' online lives less likely to haunt them later on. Just last week, California passed a law allowing minors to demand that internet firms erase their digital past and the EU has considered similar legislation.

很少有人会否认，过多的时间上网可能是有害的。一些危险是情感上的：远程伤害某人与面对面伤害他们不同。如果我们幸运，法律环境会改变，使青少年的在线生活更不可能在日后困扰他们。就在上周，加利福尼亚州通过了一项法律，允许未成年人要求互联网公司删除他们的数字历史，欧盟也考虑了类似的立法。

L) Distraction is also a serious issue. When kids switch from chat to music to homework, they are indeed likely to have trouble doing each task well. And studies show that pupils don't fact-check information online — "smart searching" is a skill schools need to teach urgently. It's also true that too much social networking and game playing can cut into schoolwork and sleep. This is precisely why parents still need to set firm boundaries around it, as with any other distraction.

分心也是一个严重的问题。当孩子们从聊天切换到音乐再切换到作业时，他们确实可能难以做好每项任务。研究表明，学生不会在线核实信息——'智能搜索'是学校迫切需要教授的技能。同样，过多的社交网络和游戏会侵占学业和睡眠。这正是为什么父母仍然需要围绕它设定严格的界限，就像对待其他分心事物一样。

M) So what's the best way to cope? The same boring old advice that applies to everything in parenting: moderation. Rebecca Eynon argues that it's key to model good behaviour. Parents who stare non-stop at their phones and don't read books are likely to breed kids who will do the same. As ever, we ought to be careful about our own behaviour.

那么，最好的应对方式是什么？同样适用于育儿中所有事情的老生常谈：适度。丽贝卡·艾农认为，关键是树立良好的榜样。不停盯着手机、不读书的父母可能会培养出同样行为的孩子。一如既往，我们应该注意自己的行为。