2016年06月六级第2套听力原文及答案解析

Conversation 1.

对话1。

F: So, Mike, you managed the innovation project at Kusen Tech.

那么，迈克，你在Kusen Tech管理了那个创新项目。

M: I did indeed.

我确实做到了。

F: Well then, first, congratulations.

那么，首先，祝贺你。

F: It seems to have been very successful.

看起来非常成功。

M: Thanks, yes.

谢谢，是的。

M: I really helped things turn around at Kusen Tech.

我确实帮助Kusen Tech扭转了局面。

F: Was the revival in their fortunes entirely due to strategic innovation?

他们财运的复兴完全归功于战略创新吗？

M: Yes, yes, I think it was.

是的，是的，我认为是这样。

M: Kusen Tech was a company who were very much following the pack, doing what everyone else was doing, and getting rapidly left behind.

Kusen Tech是一家非常随波逐流的公司，做着和其他所有人一样的事情，并迅速落后。

M: I could see there was a lot of talent there, and some great potential, particularly in their product development.

我能看到那里有很多人才和巨大潜力，特别是在产品开发方面。

M: I just had to harness that somehow.

我只是必须以某种方式利用这一点。

F: Was innovation at the core of the project?

创新是项目的核心吗？

M: Absolutely.

绝对地。

M: If it doesn't sound like too much of a cliché, our world is constantly changing, and it's changing quickly.

如果这听起来不太老套，我们的世界在不断变化，而且变化很快。

M: We need to be innovating constantly to keep up with this.

我们需要不断创新以跟上这种变化。

M: Stand still and you're lost.

停滞不前就会迷失。

F: No stopping to sniff the roses?

没有停下来闻闻玫瑰的时间吗？

M: Well, I'll do that in my personal life, sure.

嗯，我会在个人生活中这样做的，当然。

M: But as a business strategy, I'm afraid there's no stopping.

但作为一种商业策略，恐怕没有停下来的时候。

F: What exactly is strategic innovation, then?

那么，战略创新到底是什么？

M: Strategic innovation is the process of managing innovation, of making sure it takes place at all levels of the company, and that it's related to the company's overall strategy.

战略创新是管理创新的过程，确保创新发生在公司的各个层面，并且与公司整体战略相关。

F: I see.

我明白了。

F: So, instead of innovation for innovation's sake, and new products being created simply because the technology is there, the company culture must switch from these point-in-time innovations to a continuous pipeline of innovations from everywhere and everyone.

所以，不是为了创新而创新，也不是仅仅因为技术存在就创造新产品，公司文化必须从这些点状的创新转变为来自每个人、每个地方的持续创新流。

F: How did you align strategies throughout the company?

你是如何在整个公司内协调战略的？

M: I soon became aware that campaigning is useless.

我很快意识到宣传活动是无用的。

M: People take no notice.

人们不会注意。

M: Simply, it came about through good practice trickling down.

简单来说，它是通过良好实践逐渐渗透下来的。

M: This built consent.

这建立了共识。

M: People could see it was the best way to work.

人们可以看到这是最佳的工作方式。

F: Does innovation on this scale really give a competitive advantage?

这种规模的创新真的能带来竞争优势吗？

M: I'm certain of it.

我对此很确定。

M: Absolutely.

绝对地。

M: Especially if it's difficult for a competitor to copy.

尤其是如果竞争对手难以模仿的话。

M: The risk is, of course, that innovation may frequently lead to imitation.

风险当然是，创新可能经常导致模仿。

F: But not if it's strategic?

但如果它是战略性的呢？

M: Precisely.

正是如此。

F: Thanks for talking to us.

感谢你与我们交谈。

M: Sure.

当然。

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

问题1到4基于你刚刚听到的对话。

Question 1. What seems to have been very successful according to the woman speaker?

问题1. 根据女性发言人的说法，似乎什么取得了很大的成功？

Question 2. What did the company lack before the man's scheme was implemented?

问题2. 在男性的计划实施前，公司缺少了什么？

Question 3. What does the man say he should do in his business?

问题3. 男性说他在业务中应该做什么？

Question 4. What does the man say is the risk of innovation?

问题4. 男性说创新的风险是什么？

Conversation 2.

对话2。

M: Today, my guest is Dana Ivanovich, who has worked for the last 20 years as an interpreter.

今天，我的嘉宾是达娜·伊万诺维奇，她过去20年一直担任口译员。

M: Dana, welcome.

达娜，欢迎。

F: Thank you.

谢谢。

M: Now, I'd like to begin by saying that I have on occasions used an interpreter myself as a foreign correspondent, so I'm full of admiration for what you do.

首先，我想说，作为外国记者，我有时也使用口译员，所以我对你所做的工作充满钦佩。

M: But I think your profession is sometimes underrated, and many people think anyone who speaks more than one language can do it.

但我认为你的职业有时被低估了，许多人认为任何会说多种语言的人都能胜任。

F: There aren't any interpreters I know who don't have professional qualifications and training.

据我所知，所有口译员都具备专业资格和培训。

F: You only really get proficient after many years in the job.

只有经过多年的实践，你才能真正熟练。

M: And am I right in saying you can divide what you do into two distinct methods, simultaneous and consecutive interpreting?

我说得对吗？你可以将你的工作分为两种截然不同的方法：同声传译和交替传译。

F: That's right.

没错。

F: The techniques you use are different, and a lot of interpreters will say one is easier than the other, less stressful.

你所使用的技巧是不同的，许多口译员会说其中一种比另一种更容易，压力更小。

M: Simultaneous interpreting, putting someone's words into another language more or less as they speak, sounds to me like the more difficult.

同声传译，即在某人说话的同时将其话语翻译成另一种语言，对我来说听起来更困难。

F: Well, actually no.

嗯，实际上不是。

F: Most people in the business would agree that consecutive interpreting is the more stressful.

大多数业内人士会同意交替传译压力更大。

F: You have to wait for the speaker to deliver quite a chunk of language before you then put it into the second language, which puts your short-term memory under intense stress.

你必须等待说话者说完一大段话后，再将其翻译成第二种语言，这会给你的短期记忆带来巨大压力。

M: You make notes, I presume?

我猜你会做笔记？

F: Absolutely.

当然。

F: Anything like numbers, names, places have to be noted down, but the rest is never translated word for word.

像数字、名字、地点这类东西必须记下来，但其他内容从不逐字翻译。

F: You have to find a way of summarising it so that the message is there.

你必须找到一种方式来总结，以确保信息传达。

F: Turning every single word into the target language would put too much strain on the interpreter and slow down the whole process too much.

将每个单词都翻译成目标语言会给口译员带来太大压力，并大大减慢整个过程。

M: But with simultaneous interpreting, you start translating almost as soon as the other person starts speaking.

但在同声传译中，对方一开始说话，你几乎就开始翻译。

M: You must have some preparation beforehand.

你事先必须有所准备。

F: Well, hopefully the speakers will let you have an outline of the topic a day or two in advance.

嗯，希望说话者能在一两天前让你了解主题大纲。

F: You have a little time to do research, prepare technical expressions and so on.

你有一点时间做研究，准备专业术语等。

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

第5至8题基于你刚刚听到的对话。

Question 5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?

问题5。说话者主要在谈论什么？

Question 6. What does the man think of Dana's profession?

问题6。男子对达娜的职业有何看法？

Question 7. What does Dana say about the interpreters she knows?

问题7。达娜对她认识的口译员有何评价？

Question 8. What do most interpreters think of consecutive interpreting?

问题8。大多数口译员对交替传译有何看法？

Passage 1.

篇章1。

Mothers have been warned for years that sleeping with their newborn infant is a bad idea because it increases the risk that the baby might die unexpectedly during the night.

多年来，母亲们一直被警告与新生儿同睡是不好的主意，因为这增加了婴儿在夜间意外死亡的风险。

But now, Israeli researchers are reporting that even sleeping in the same room can have negative consequences, not for the child, but for the mother.

但现在，以色列研究人员报告说，即使在同一个房间睡觉也可能产生负面影响，不是对孩子，而是对母亲。

Mothers who slept in the same room as their infants, whether in the same bed or just the same room, had poorer sleep than mothers whose babies slept elsewhere in the house.

与婴儿在同一个房间睡觉的母亲，无论是在同一张床上还是仅仅在同一个房间，其睡眠质量比婴儿睡在房子其他地方的母亲要差。

They woke up more frequently, were awake approximately 20 minutes longer per night and had shorter periods of uninterrupted sleep.

她们醒得更频繁，每晚清醒时间大约多20分钟，且不间断睡眠时间更短。

These results held true, even taking into account that many of the women in the study were breastfeeding their babies.

这些结果成立，即使考虑到研究中许多女性正在母乳喂养婴儿。

Infants, on the other hand, didn't appear to have worse sleep, whether they slept in the same or different room from their mothers.

另一方面，婴儿的睡眠似乎没有变差，无论他们是否与母亲在同一个房间睡觉。

The researchers acknowledge that since the families they studied were all middle-class Israelis, it's possible the results would be different in different cultures.

研究人员承认，由于他们研究的家庭都是以色列中产阶级，结果可能在不同文化中有所不同。

Lead author Liat Tzotsky wrote in an email that the research team also didn't measure fathers' sleep, so it's possible that their sleep patterns could also be causing the sleep disruptions for mums.

主要作者Liat Tzotsky在一封电子邮件中写道，研究团队也没有测量父亲的睡眠，因此他们的睡眠模式也可能导致母亲的睡眠中断。

Right now, to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that mothers not sleep in the same bed as their babies but sleep in the same room.

目前，为了降低婴儿猝死综合症的风险，美国儿科学会建议母亲不要与婴儿同床睡觉，但应在同一个房间睡觉。

The Israeli study suggests that doing so may be best for the baby but may take a toll on mum.

以色列的这项研究表明，这样做可能对婴儿最好，但可能对母亲造成负担。

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题9至11基于你刚刚听到的文章。

Question 9. What is the long-held view about mothers sleeping with newborn babies?

问题9. 关于母亲与新生儿同睡，长期以来的观点是什么？

Question 10. What do Israeli researchers' findings show?

问题10. 以色列研究人员的发现表明了什么？

Question 11. What does the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend mothers do?

问题11. 美国儿科学会建议母亲们做什么？

Passage 2.

第2段。

The U.

美国

S.

国

has already lost more than a third of the native languages that existed before European colonization and the remaining 192 are classed by UNESCO as ranging between unsafe and extinct.

已经失去了超过三分之一在欧洲殖民前存在的本土语言，剩下的192种被联合国教科文组织列为不安全到灭绝之间的状态。

We need more funding and more effort to return these languages to everyday use, says Fred Nowuski of the National Museum of the American Indian.

美国印第安人国家博物馆的弗雷德·诺武斯基表示，我们需要更多资金和更多努力，将这些语言恢复到日常使用中。

We are making progress, but money needs to be spent on revitalizing languages, not just documenting them.

我们正在取得进展，但资金需要用于复兴语言，而不仅仅是记录它们。

Some 40 languages, mainly in California and Oklahoma, where thousands of Indians were forced to relocate in the 19th century, have fewer than 10 native speakers.

大约40种语言，主要在加利福尼亚州和俄克拉荷马州，那里在19世纪数千印第安人被迫迁移，现在只有不到10个母语使用者。

Part of the issue is that tribal groups themselves don't always believe their languages are endangered until they're down to the last handful of speakers.

部分问题在于，部落群体自己往往不相信他们的语言处于濒危状态，直到只剩下最后少数几个使用者。

But progress is being made through immersion schools, because if you teach children when they're young, it will stay with them as adults, and that's the future, says Mr.

但通过沉浸式学校正在取得进展，因为如果你在孩子年幼时教他们，这将伴随他们长大成人，那就是未来，先生说。

Nowuski, a Comanche Indian.

诺武斯基，一名科曼奇印第安人。

Such schools have become a model in Hawaii, but the islander's local language is still classed by UNESCO as critically endangered because only 1 ,000 people speak it.

这类学校在夏威夷已成为典范，但该岛居民的当地语言仍被联合国教科文组织列为极度濒危，因为只有1000人使用它。

The decline in American Indian languages has historical roots.

美国印第安人语言的衰落有历史根源。

In the mid-19th century, the U.

在19世纪中叶，美国

S.

国

government adopted a policy of Americanizing Indian children by removing them from their homes and culture.

政府采取了将印第安儿童从他们的家庭和文化中带走以美国化他们的政策。

Within a few generations, most had forgotten their native tongues.

几代人之内，大多数人忘记了他们的母语。

Another challenge to language survival is television.

语言生存的另一个挑战是电视。

It has brought English into homes and pushed out traditional storytelling and family time together, accelerating the extinction of native languages.

它将英语带入家庭，挤走了传统的讲故事和家庭团聚时间，加速了本土语言的灭绝。

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题12到15基于你刚刚听到的段落。

Question 12. What do we learn from the report?

问题12。我们从报告中了解到什么？

Question 13. For what purpose does Fred Nowuski appeal for more funding?

问题13。弗雷德·诺武斯基呼吁更多资金的目的是什么？

Question 14. What is the historical cause of the decline in American Indian languages?

问题14。美国印第安人语言衰落的历史原因是什么？

Question 15. What does the speaker say about television?

问题15。演讲者对电视说了什么？

Recording 1.

录音1。

Greg Rosen lost his job as a sales manager nearly three years ago and is still unemployed.

格雷格·罗森近三年前失去了销售经理的工作，至今仍处于失业状态。

It literally is like something in a dream to remember what it's like to actually be able to go out and put in a day's work and receive a day's pay.

回想起能够外出工作一天并获得一天工资的感觉，简直就像梦中的事情。

At first, Rosen bought groceries and made house payments with the help from unemployment insurance.

起初，罗森依靠失业保险的帮助购买食品杂货和支付房贷。

It pays laid-off workers up to half of their previous wages while they look for work.

它在失业工人寻找工作期间，支付他们之前工资的一半。

But now, that insurance has run out for him, and he has to make tough choices.

但现在，他的保险已经用完，他不得不做出艰难的选择。

He's cut back on medications, and he no longer helps support his disabled mother.

他已经减少了药物开支，并且不再帮助赡养他残疾的母亲。

It is a devastating experience.

这是一次毁灭性的经历。

New research says the U.

新研究表明，美国

S.

美国

recession is now over, but many people remain unemployed, and unemployed workers face difficult odds.

衰退已经结束，但许多人仍然失业，失业工人面临困难的处境。

There is literally only one job opening for every five unemployed workers, so four out of five unemployed workers have actually no chance of finding a new job.

实际上，每五个失业工人只有一个职位空缺，所以五分之四的失业工人实际上没有机会找到新工作。

Businesses have downsized or shut down across America, leaving fewer job opportunities for those in search of work.

全美企业都在裁员或关闭，留给寻找工作的人的机会更少了。

Experts who monitor unemployment statistics here in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, say about 28,000 people are unemployed, and many of them are jobless due to no fault of their own.

在宾夕法尼亚州巴克斯县监测失业统计的专家表示，约有28,000人失业，其中许多人失业并非自身过错。

That's where the Bucks County CareerLink comes in.

这就是巴克斯县CareerLink发挥作用的地方。

Local Director Elizabeth Walsh says they provide training and guidance to help unemployed workers find local job opportunities.

当地总监伊丽莎白·沃尔什表示，他们提供培训和指导，帮助失业工人找到当地的工作机会。

So here's the job opening.

所以，这是职位空缺。

Here's the job seeker.

这是求职者。

Match them together under one roof, she says.

她说，把他们匹配在同一屋檐下。

But the lack of work opportunities in Bucks County limits how much she can help.

但巴克斯县缺乏工作机会，限制了她的帮助程度。

Rosen says he hopes Congress will take action.

罗森说，他希望国会采取行动。

This month, he launched the 99ers Union, an umbrella organization of 18 Internet-based grassroots groups of 99ers.

本月，他发起了99ers联盟，这是一个由18个基于互联网的99ers草根团体组成的伞形组织。

Their goal is to convince lawmakers to extend unemployment benefits.

他们的目标是说服立法者延长失业福利。

But Pennsylvania State Representative Scott Petrie says governments simply do not have enough money to extend unemployment insurance.

但宾夕法尼亚州众议员斯科特·彼得里表示，政府根本没有足够的资金来延长失业保险。

He thinks the best way to help the long-term unemployed is to allow private citizens to invest in local companies that can create more jobs.

他认为帮助长期失业者的最佳方式是允许私人投资者投资于能够创造更多就业机会的本地公司。

But the boost in investor confidence needed for the plan to work will take time.

但该计划所需的投资者信心提升需要时间。

Time that Rosen says still requires him to buy food and make monthly mortgage payments.

罗森说，这段时间里，他仍然需要购买食物和支付每月的抵押贷款。

Rosen says he'll use the last of his savings to try to hang on to the home he worked for more than 20 years to buy.

罗森说，他将用尽最后的积蓄，试图保住他工作了20多年才买下的房子。

But once that money is gone, he says he doesn't know what he'll do.

但一旦钱花光了，他说他不知道该怎么办。

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the lecture you have just heard.

问题16至18基于你刚才听到的讲座。

Question 16. How does unemployment insurance help the unemployed?

问题16. 失业保险如何帮助失业者？

Question 17. What is local director Elizabeth Walsh of the Bucks County CareerLink doing?

问题17. 巴克斯县CareerLink的当地总监伊丽莎白·沃尔什在做什么？

Question 18. What does Pennsylvania State Representative Scott Petrie say is the best way to help the long-term unemployed?

问题18. 宾夕法尼亚州众议员斯科特·彼得里说帮助长期失业者的最佳方式是什么？

Recording 2.

录音二。

Earlier this year, British explorer Pen Haddo and his team trekked for three months across the frozen Arctic Ocean, taking measurements and recording observations about the ice.

今年早些时候，英国探险家彭·哈多和他的团队跋涉三个月穿越冰冻的北冰洋，测量并记录关于冰的观察数据。

Well, we've been led to believe that we would encounter a good proportion of this older, thicker, technically multi-year ice that's been around for a few years and just gets thicker and thicker.

嗯，我们一直被引导相信我们会遇到相当一部分这种更古老、更厚的、技术上称为多年冰的冰，它存在了几年，而且越来越厚。

We actually found there wasn't any multi-year ice at all.

我们实际上发现根本没有多年冰。

Satellite observations and submarine surveys over the past few years had shown less ice in the polar region, but the recent measurements show the loss is more pronounced than previously thought.

过去几年的卫星观测和潜艇调查表明极地地区冰量减少，但最近的测量显示冰的损失比之前认为的更为显著。

We're looking at roughly 80% loss of ice cover on the Arctic Ocean in 10 years.

我们预计北冰洋的冰盖在10年内大约减少80%。

Roughly 10 years.

大约10年。

And 100% loss in nearly 20 years.

并且在近20年内减少100%。

Cambridge scientist Peter Waddams, who's been measuring and monitoring the Arctic since 1971, says the decline is irreversible.

自1971年以来一直测量和监测北极的剑桥科学家彼得·沃德姆斯说，这种下降是不可逆转的。

The more you lose, the more open water is created.

冰损失越多，形成的开阔水域就越多。

The more warming goes on in that open water during the summer, the less ice forms in the winter, the more melt there is the following summer.

夏季开阔水域变暖越严重，冬季形成的冰就越少，次年夏季融化的冰就越多。

It becomes a breakdown process where everything ends up accelerating until it's all gone.

这变成了一个崩溃过程，一切都加速进行，直到完全消失。

Martin Somercorn runs the Arctic Program for the environmental charity the World Wildlife Fund.

马丁·萨默科恩负责环境慈善机构世界自然基金会的北极项目。

The Arctic sea ice holds a central position in the Earth's climate system and it's deteriorating faster than expected.

北极海冰在地球气候系统中占据中心地位，其退化速度比预期要快。

Actually, it has to translate into more urgency to deal with the climate change problem and reduce emissions.

实际上，这必须转化为处理气候变化问题和减少排放的更大紧迫性。

Somercorn says a plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, blamed for global warming, needs to come out of the Copenhagen Climate Change Summit in December.

萨默科恩说，一个减少温室气体排放的计划需要从12月的哥本哈根气候变化峰会中产生，这些排放被指责为全球变暖的原因。

We have to basically achieve there the commitment to deal with the problem now.

我们必须基本上在那里达成现在处理问题的承诺。

That's the minimum.

这是最低要求。

We have to do that equitably and we have to find a commitment that is quick.

我们必须公平地做到这一点，并且必须找到一个迅速的承诺。

Waddams echoes the need for urgency.

沃德姆斯也呼应了紧迫性的需要。

The carbon that we've put into the atmosphere keeps having a warming effect for 100 years.

我们排放到大气中的碳在100年内持续产生变暖效应。

So we have to cut back rapidly now because it will take a long time to work its way through into a response by the atmosphere.

所以我们必须现在迅速减少，因为大气层的响应需要很长时间才能显现。

We can't switch off global warming just by being good in the future.

我们不能仅仅通过在未来表现良好就关闭全球变暖。

We have to start being good now.

我们必须从现在开始表现良好。

Waddams says there is no easy technological fix to climate change.

沃德姆斯说，气候变化没有简单技术解决方案。

He and other scientists say there are basically two options to replacing fossil fuels generating energy with renewables or embracing nuclear power.

他和其他科学家说，替代化石燃料发电基本上有两个选择：使用可再生能源或拥抱核能。

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the lecture you have just heard.

问题19到22基于你刚刚听到的讲座。

Question 19. What did Pen Haddo and his team do in the Arctic Ocean?

问题19. 彭·哈多和他的团队在北冰洋做了什么？

Question 20. What does the report say about the Arctic region?

问题20. 报告对北极地区说了什么？

Question 21. What does Cambridge scientist Peter Waddams say in his study?

问题21. 剑桥科学家彼得·沃德姆斯在他的研究中说了什么？

Question 22. How does Peter Waddams view climate change?

问题22. 彼得·沃德姆斯如何看待气候变化？

Recording 3.

录音3。

From a very early age, some children exhibit better self-control than others.

从很小的时候起，一些孩子就比其他孩子表现出更好的自制力。

Now, a new study that began with about 1,000 children in New Zealand has tracked how a child's low self-control can predict poor health, money troubles and even a criminal record in their adult years.

现在，一项始于新西兰约1000名儿童的新研究追踪了儿童的低自制力如何预测他们成年后的健康问题、财务困境甚至犯罪记录。

Researchers have been studying this group of children for decades now.

研究人员现在已经研究这群儿童数十年了。

Some of their earliest observations have to do with the level of self-control the youngsters displayed.

他们的一些最早观察与年轻人所展示的自制力水平有关。

Parents, teachers, even the kids themselves scored the youngsters on measures like acting before thinking and persistence in reaching goals.

家长、老师，甚至孩子们自己都对年轻人进行评分，评估他们是否行动前思考以及实现目标的坚持性等指标。

The children of the study are now adults in their 30s.

研究中的孩子们现在都是30多岁的成年人了。

Terry Moffitt of Duke University and her research colleagues found that kids with self-control issues tended to grow up to become adults with a far more troubling set of issues to deal with.

杜克大学的Terry Moffitt和她的研究同事发现，有自制力问题的孩子往往长大后会面临一系列更麻烦的问题。

The children who had the lowest self-control when they were aged 3 to 10 later on had the most health problems in their 30s and they had the worst financial situation and they were more likely to have a criminal record and to be raising a child as a single parent on a very low income.

那些在3到10岁时自制力最低的孩子，后来在30多岁时健康问题最多，财务状况最差，而且更可能有犯罪记录，并以单亲父母身份用极低收入抚养孩子。

Speaking from New Zealand via Skype Moffitt explained that self-control problems were widely observed and weren't just a feature of a small group of misbehaving kids.

通过Skype从新西兰发言，Moffitt解释说，自制力问题被广泛观察到，不仅仅是一小群行为不端孩子的特征。

Even the children who had above average self-control as preschoolers could have benefited from more self-control training.

即使是那些在学前班阶段自制力高于平均水平的孩子，也可能从更多的自制力训练中受益。

They could have improved their financial situation and their physical and mental health situation 30 years later.

他们本可以改善30年后的财务状况以及身心健康状况。

So, children with minor self-control problems were likely as adults to have minor health problems and so on.

因此，有轻微自制力问题的孩子成年后可能有轻微的健康问题等等。

Moffitt said it's still unclear why some children have better self-control than others though she says other researchers have found that it's mostly a learned behaviour with relatively little genetic influence.

Moffitt说，目前仍不清楚为什么一些孩子的自制力比其他孩子更好，尽管她说其他研究发现这主要是一种学习行为，遗传影响相对较小。

But good self-control can be said to run in families in that children who have good self-control are more likely to grow up to be healthy and prosperous parents.

但可以说良好的自制力在家庭中延续，因为有良好自制力的孩子更有可能成长为健康和成功的父母。

Whereas some of the low self-control study members are more likely to be single parents with a very low income and the parent is in poor health and likely to be a heavy substance abuser.

而一些低自制力的研究成员更可能成为极低收入的单亲父母，且父母健康状况不佳，可能重度滥用物质。

So that's not a good atmosphere for a child.

所以这对孩子来说不是一个好的环境。

So it looks as though self-control is something that in one generation can disadvantage the next generation.

因此，看起来自制力是一种可以在一代人中使下一代处于不利地位的东西。

But the good news is that Moffitt says self-control can be taught by parents and through school curricula that have proved to be effective.

但好消息是，Moffitt说自制力可以通过父母和已被证明有效的学校课程来教授。

Terry Moffitt's paper on the link between childhood self-control and adult status decades later is published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Terry Moffitt关于儿童自制力与数十年后成人状态之间联系的论文发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上。

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the lecture you have just heard.

问题23至25基于你刚刚听到的讲座。

Question 23. What is the new study about?

问题23。这项新研究是关于什么的？

Question 24. What does the study seem to show?

问题24。这项研究似乎表明了什么？

Question 25. What does Moffitt say is the good news from their study?

问题25。Moffitt说他们研究中的好消息是什么？