2023年12月六级第2套听力原文及答案解析

Conversation 1.

对话一。

F: So, I've been thinking, this summer, instead of our usual holiday rental, I'd like to try renting a camper van and exploring a bit more.

所以，我一直在想，今年夏天，与其像往常一样租度假屋，不如试试租一辆房车，多探索一些地方。

M: A camper van? You mean to spend the summer living out of a car?

房车？你是说整个夏天都住在车里吗？

F: Yes, a camper van. And no, it's nothing like living out of a car. These are proper vans with full-sized beds to sleep in. Some even have kitchens. This way, we wouldn't have to be locked into one place during our holiday. We'd be able to visit so many more places and travel at our own pace. The rates of most hotels and holiday homes really soar in the summer anyway. We'd probably save a lot of money as well.

是的，一辆房车。不，它完全不像住在车里。这些是正规的货车，里面有全尺寸的床可以睡觉。有些甚至还有厨房。这样，我们在假期就不必局限于一个地方。我们能够访问更多地方，按照自己的节奏旅行。反正夏天大多数酒店和度假屋的价格都会飙升。我们可能也会省下不少钱。

M: I think my grandfather had a van like that. It doesn't sound that appealing to me.

我觉得我祖父以前有一辆那样的车。这对我来说听起来并不那么吸引人。

F: Today's camper vans are completely different. These days, they're equipped with all the modern comforts. I've seen quite a few with solar panels that provide electricity for when you're stopped. This way, you can still use your computer or charge your phone. And most even have Wi-Fi, so if the weather's not great, you could stream videos.

如今的房车完全不同。现在，它们配备了所有现代舒适设施。我见过不少有太阳能板的，可以在停车时提供电力。这样，你仍然可以使用电脑或给手机充电。而且大多数甚至还有Wi-Fi，所以如果天气不好，你可以流媒体看视频。

M: I'm warming up to the idea. Keep talking.

我开始对这个想法感兴趣了。继续说。

F: Loads of people are committing to this trend full-time. Check it out online. Lots of people stream videos of their alternative lifestyles and actually earn a salary. Imagine having that kind of freedom to go anywhere you want and work from anywhere in the world.

很多人都全职投入这种趋势。在网上查一下。很多人流媒体直播他们另类的生活方式，实际上还能赚取薪水。想象一下，拥有那种自由，可以去任何你想去的地方，在世界任何地方工作。

M: Okay. We can consider it. As long as the basic needs like toilets and showers are covered, I'm definitely in. Do you think there will be enough room for my mountain bike? What about food delivery? Will we be able to order to the van? Will there be enough space for the dog? We wouldn't want to leave him behind.

好的。我们可以考虑一下。只要基本需求如厕所和淋浴有保障，我绝对愿意。你觉得我的山地自行车有足够的空间吗？食物外卖呢？我们能点送到房车吗？狗有足够的空间吗？我们不想把它丢下。

F: Slow down. Glad you're excited about it. Let's start by looking at what's available first.

别急。很高兴你对此感到兴奋。我们先看看有什么可用的。

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

问题1到4基于你刚才听到的对话。

Question 1. What has the woman been thinking of doing for this summer?

问题1. 女士今年夏天一直在考虑做什么？

Question 2. What do we learn about the man's grandfather from the conversation?

问题2. 从对话中我们了解到男士的祖父的什么？

Question 3. What can many camper vans do nowadays according to the woman?

问题3. 根据女士的说法，如今许多房车能做什么？

Question 4. What idea does the woman find attractive?

问题4. 女士觉得什么想法有吸引力？

Conversation 2.

对话2。

F: You wanted to see me?

你想见我？

M: Yes. I'll get straight to the point. Over the past month or so, it has become apparent that your performance has dipped. You've been late to work several times these past few weeks, which is very uncharacteristic of you. But what really concerns me is your curtailed output. Lately, you seem to be constantly one step behind. What's going on?

是的，我就直说了。过去一个月左右，你的表现明显下滑。你最近几周迟到了好几次，这很不像你。但真正让我担心的是你的产出减少了。最近，你似乎总是落后一步。发生了什么事？

F: I'm sorry. I'm going through some unfortunate family issues at the moment. It's a personal matter, so if you don't mind, I much prefer we don't get into it. Nevertheless, I expect it to have all blown over in another month or so.

抱歉。我目前正经历一些不幸的家庭问题。这是个人隐私，所以如果你不介意，我希望我们不要深入讨论。不过，我预计再过一个月左右就会好转。

M: Do you need some time off?

你需要休息一段时间吗？

F: Actually, yes. Would it be possible to take the next two Mondays off? I was deliberating whether I should ask for this, but now that we're here...

实际上，是的。我能否请下两个周一的假？我一直在犹豫是否应该提出这个请求，但既然说到这里了……

M: Sure thing. But if you needed some leave, why didn't you ask for it earlier?

没问题。但如果你需要休假，为什么不早点提出来呢？

F: I'm not sure why. I guess I kind of felt bad asking for it.

我不确定为什么。我想我有点不好意思开口。

M: You shouldn't feel bad asking for leave, especially if you need it.

你不应该为请假感到不好意思，尤其是当你需要的时候。

F: I know. You're right. I'm sorry.

我知道。你说得对。我很抱歉。

M: Look, you've been with us almost five years, and I personally really value your proficiency at your job. It makes my job far easier. In addition, I can assure you that management as a whole also holds you in high regard.

你看，你在这里工作了将近五年，我个人非常欣赏你工作的熟练程度。这让我的工作轻松很多。此外，我可以向你保证，管理层整体上也对你评价很高。

F: Thank you.

谢谢。

M: What I need is for you to be back at your 100%. Are you sure taking two Mondays off will suffice?

我需要的是你恢复到百分百的状态。你确定请两个周一的假就够了吗？

F: It'll be enough. I'm sure of it.

足够了。我确定。

M: Okay, good. So this is what we're going to do. You will take those days off, and I expect that you will gradually come back to your usual self. Then, in two months' time, we will catch up again to see how you are fairing.

好的，很好。那么我们就这么安排。你将请那几天假，我期望你会逐渐恢复到平时的状态。然后，在两个月后，我们会再碰面看看你的情况如何。

F: Sounds good. Thank you for your understanding.

听起来不错。谢谢你的理解。

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

问题5到8基于你刚刚听到的对话。

Question 5. What do we learn about the woman from the man's description?

问题5. 从男性的描述中，我们了解到关于女性的什么？

Question 6. What does the woman say she's experiencing at the moment?

问题6. 女性说她目前正经历什么？

Question 7. What does the man say makes his job far easier?

问题7. 男性说是什么让他的工作轻松很多？

Question 8. What agreement have the speakers reached by the end of the conversation?

问题8. 对话结束时，说话者达成了什么协议？

Passage 1.

篇章1。

There are many factors that impact our health. These include our finances, our emotions, and the way we work. Education is one such factor. Research suggests that higher levels of education can lead to better health and even greater longevity.

许多因素影响我们的健康。这些包括我们的财务状况、情绪以及工作方式。教育就是这样一个因素。研究表明，更高的教育水平可以带来更好的健康，甚至更长的寿命。

But what about the education of your partner? New research seeks to answer this question. Researchers use data from a longitudinal study. The data came from surveys first administered to high school seniors in 1957. The surveys ended in 2011.

但你伴侣的教育呢？新研究试图回答这个问题。研究人员使用了一项纵向研究的数据。这些数据来自1957年首次对高中生进行的调查。调查于2011年结束。

The team found that a person whose spouse had a higher level of education tended to report better health. This remained the case when adjusting for other factors, such as participants' own education, social background, and health status before and after marriage.

团队发现，配偶教育水平较高的人倾向于报告更好的健康状况。即使在调整其他因素（如参与者自己的教育水平、社会背景以及婚前婚后的健康状况）后，情况依然如此。

The authors suggest that high levels of education provide shared social, intellectual, emotional, and financial resources. These include things like higher levels of emotional intelligence, particular skills or knowledge, or more money.

作者们认为，高水平的教育提供了共享的社会、智力、情感和财务资源。这些包括诸如更高水平的情商、特定技能或知识，或更多的金钱。

The researchers concede that an individual's own level of education is clearly important for their health. But they assert that individuals also can reap the benefits of their partner's education.

研究人员承认，个人自身的教育水平对其健康显然很重要。但他们也主张，个人同样可以从伴侣的教育中获益。

It is noteworthy that the effects varied by gender. For women, health was more closely correlated to their spouse's education than for men. The team suggests this may be related to the time period of the study. Women in this sample had lower levels of education and lower occupational achievements than the men. The researchers' hypothesis is that this made the husband's resources more likely to have a shared impact.

值得注意的是，这种效应因性别而异。对女性来说，健康与配偶教育水平的相关性比男性更强。团队认为这可能与研究的时间段有关。该样本中的女性教育水平和职业成就均低于男性。研究人员的假设是，这使得丈夫的资源更可能产生共享影响。

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题9到11基于你刚刚听到的篇章。

Question 9. What does research suggest about a higher level of education?

问题9。关于更高的教育水平，研究表明了什么？

Question 10. What do we learn from the finding of the new research?

问题10。从新研究的发现中，我们了解到了什么？

Question 11. What does the passage say about the men in the sample of the new research?

问题11。关于新研究样本中的男性，篇章说了什么？

Passage 2.

篇章2。

Climate scientists predict that many parts of the world will be increasingly prone to floods. This is a serious risk to human lives and property. So understanding and accurately forecasting flood risks is a key challenge for vulnerable cities around the globe.

气候科学家预测，世界上许多地区将越来越容易遭受洪水。这对人类生命和财产构成严重威胁。因此，理解和准确预测洪水风险是全球易受洪水影响的城市面临的一个关键挑战。

In 2017, Derek Loftus of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science started a project called Catch the King. It uses a smartphone app to collect the data of ordinary citizens during high tides. He'll use those data to validate and improve his mathematical flooding model called Tide Watch.

2017年，弗吉尼亚海洋科学研究所的德里克·洛夫图斯启动了一个名为'捕获国王'的项目。它使用智能手机应用程序收集普通公民在涨潮期间的数据。他将利用这些数据来验证和改进他的数学洪水模型，称为'潮汐观察'。

Loftus' mission is to know where the water goes before it goes there. But collecting necessary data and then processing that information quickly enough to make usable forecasts is anything but easy. Accurate flood forecasts require an understanding of the situation on the ground.

洛夫图斯的使命是提前知道水会流向哪里。但收集必要的数据并足够快地处理这些信息以制作可用的预测绝非易事。准确的洪水预测需要对地面情况的了解。

By the early 2000s, supercomputing had advanced enough that scientists could integrate weather forecasting models with such measurements. But they still didn't have the critically important ability to forecast fast-moving floods in real time.

到21世纪初，超级计算已足够先进，科学家能够将天气预报模型与这些测量数据整合。但他们仍然缺乏实时预测快速移动洪水的关键能力。

So, in 2017, Loftus and colleagues set up a group of 28 internet-connected water-level sensors throughout the flood risk community of Norfolk, Virginia. The new sensors relay rough measurements about water height and movement to a computer at the Virginia Institute.

因此，2017年，洛夫图斯和同事们在弗吉尼亚州诺福克的洪水风险社区设置了一组28个互联网连接的水位传感器。这些新传感器将水位高度和运动的粗略测量数据传输到弗吉尼亚研究所的计算机。

Along with those sensors, hundreds of local citizens take photos of rising tides and transmit them real time to the Institute. Scientists hope that the data collected by these citizens can help sharpen the ability to forecast exactly when and where damaging floods will occur.

除了这些传感器，数百名当地公民拍摄涨潮的照片并实时传输给研究所。科学家希望这些公民收集的数据能够帮助提高准确预测破坏性洪水发生时间和地点的能力。

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

问题12到15基于你刚刚听到的篇章。

Question 12. What is said to be a key challenge for cities prone to floods?

问题12。据说对于易受洪水影响的城市来说，关键挑战是什么？

Question 13. For what purpose does Derek Loftus collect the data of ordinary citizens during high tides?

问题13。德里克·洛夫图斯在涨潮期间收集普通公民数据的目的是什么？

Question 14. What does the passage say is Derek Loftus' mission?

问题14。文章说德里克·洛夫图斯的使命是什么？

Question 15. What did Loftus and his colleagues do to obtain data about water height and movement?

问题15。洛夫图斯和他的同事们做了什么来获取有关水位高度和运动的数据？

Recording 1.

录音1。

Now, it's become something of a ritual to debate the value of a college degree. But as current population survey data show, there has been a sharp decline in employment among men without college degrees compared with those who have them. This decline began in the 1960s and has become more serious over time. What has actually caused this decline?

如今，讨论大学学位的价值已成为一种例行话题。但正如当前人口普查数据显示，与拥有大学学位的男性相比，没有大学学位的男性就业率大幅下降。这一下降始于20世纪60年代，并随时间推移日益严重。究竟是什么导致了这种下降？

Well, economists have been working to ascertain the roots of the decline for decades and have come up with several theories. One popular theory is that it's a case of too low wages for jobs that don't require a degree. An alternate theory is that there were more jobs not requiring a college degree in the past than now.

经济学家们数十年来一直在努力确定这一下降的根源，并提出了几种理论。一种流行的理论是，对于不需要学位的工作，工资太低了。另一种理论是，过去不需要大学学位的工作比现在多。

A recent working paper from the National Bureau of Economic Research reviewed those theories and put forward additional hypotheses about the causes of the problem. Let's look at that paper now.

美国国家经济研究局最近的一篇工作论文回顾了这些理论，并对问题的原因提出了额外的假设。现在让我们来看看这篇论文。

First, the researchers considered the issue of wages. As the wage gap has grown between those with college degrees and those without, economists have suggested that men aren't as interested in taking some of the less lucrative jobs. While the authors of the paper found truth in this explanation, they assert that low wages can't be the only factor, as wages for men without college degrees, adjusting for inflation, haven't changed much since the 1960s, making it hard to see why fewer men seem willing to accept those wages.

首先，研究人员考虑了工资问题。随着拥有大学学位和没有大学学位的人之间的工资差距扩大，经济学家提出，男性对从事一些不太赚钱的工作兴趣减弱。尽管论文作者认为这一解释有道理，但他们断言低工资不能是唯一因素，因为没有大学学位的男性的工资，经通货膨胀调整后，自20世纪60年代以来变化不大，这让人难以理解为什么越来越少的男性似乎愿意接受这些工资。

This leads to the second theory, that more jobs require a college degree today than in the past. Indeed, that theory seems valid, because in America today, two-thirds of jobs are filled by workers with at least some college education.

这引出了第二种理论，即今天比过去有更多工作需要大学学位。确实，这一理论似乎成立，因为在今天的美国，三分之二的工作由至少受过一些大学教育的工人担任。

However, the authors of the paper argue that there are other factors amplifying the problem. They identified two new potential explanations. The first, being the tremendous decline in marriage among men without college degrees since the 1960s. And the second, being the increase in women participating in the workforce that was concurrent with the decline in marriage. These two changes mean that men might not have families to support, or, if they do, their wives might be doing more of the providing, both of which might remove the financial incentive to work.

然而，论文作者认为还有其他因素加剧了这一问题。他们提出了两个新的潜在解释。第一个是自20世纪60年代以来，没有大学学位的男性结婚率大幅下降。第二个是女性参与劳动力市场的增加与结婚率下降同时发生。这两个变化意味着男性可能没有家庭需要供养，或者如果有家庭，他们的妻子可能承担了更多养家责任，这两种情况都可能削弱工作的经济动机。

The authors of the paper concede that research on the subject isn't complete, but they argue that their work supports the value of a college education.

论文作者承认，关于这一主题的研究尚未完成，但他们认为自己的工作支持了大学教育的价值。

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.

问题16至18基于你刚刚听到的录音。

Question 16. What is the speaker mainly trying to do in this talk?

问题16. 演讲者在这次谈话中主要想做什么？

Question 17. What did the researchers of a recent working paper consider first?

问题17. 最近一篇工作论文的研究人员首先考虑了什么？

Question 18. What did the recent paper identify as a new potential explanation of the problem concerning men's employment?

问题18. 最近的论文将什么确定为关于男性就业问题的新潜在解释？

Recording 2.

录音2。

While an increasing number of people are trying to eat less meat, a market research team has found in its latest fashion and sustainability report that the trend is now spreading from kitchen to closet.

尽管越来越多的人试图少吃肉，但一个市场研究团队在其最新的时尚与可持续发展报告中发现，这一趋势正从厨房蔓延到衣柜。

It found animal welfare came top of a list of issues that people considered before buying clothes, with 42% saying it was important to them.

研究发现，在购买衣服前考虑的问题列表中，动物福利居首，42%的人表示这对他们很重要。

The researchers of the team predicted that the next year would see a boom in animal-free shoe collections, since they heard shoppers of all ages say they would buy footwear designated as vegan, meaning the goods were produced without using any animal or animal part.

该团队的研究人员预测，明年将出现不含动物成分的鞋类收藏热潮，因为他们听到各年龄段的购物者表示，他们会购买标注为纯素的鞋履，这意味着这些产品在生产过程中未使用任何动物或动物部位。

As well as being on trend, and with a much better ring to it than synthetic leather, the vegan label does convey an important extra distinction.

除了符合潮流，而且比合成皮革听起来更好之外，纯素标签确实传达了一个重要的额外区别。

If you label something as vegan, then the whole product needs to be animal-free. That means checking things like the glue that holds the shoe together, for example, and the chemicals used for finishing them.

如果你将某物标注为纯素，那么整个产品都需要是不含动物成分的。这意味着需要检查诸如粘合鞋子的胶水，以及用于处理它们的化学品等。

At the top end, some of the world-renowned fashion designers have avoided leather and fur for some time. In fact, some of the companies are now exploring a leather substitute and a silk replacement made from mushrooms.

在高端市场，一些世界知名的时尚设计师已经避免使用皮革和毛皮一段时间了。事实上，一些公司现在正在探索用蘑菇制成的皮革替代品和丝绸替代品。

The Animal Free Product Society says they've seen a boom in products registered with the vegan trademark. In 2018, there were 119. So far this year, it says, an unprecedented 1,956 have been registered. New products are being added daily.

动物无产品协会表示，他们看到注册了纯素商标的产品激增。2018年有119个。今年到目前为止，他们说，已有前所未有的1,956个产品注册。新产品每天都在增加。

There are fur coats that are vegan, plastic vegan belts, and shoes made from tree bark or natural rubber labelled vegan.

有纯素的毛皮外套、塑料纯素腰带，以及由树皮或天然橡胶制成的标注为纯素的鞋子。

These new products aren't coming at an extra cost to consumers, though. Vegan boots cost the same as the leather originals. New Look, one of the first reputable store chains to use the vegan trademark, prices ballet shoes at £7.99 and the vegan laptop handbag at £29.99, comparable with its other products.

然而，这些新产品并未给消费者带来额外成本。纯素靴子的价格与皮革原版相同。New Look，首批使用纯素商标的知名连锁店之一，将芭蕾鞋定价为7.99英镑，纯素笔记本电脑手提包定价为29.99英镑，与其其他产品相当。

This signifies a change. In the past, ethical products, whether they were fair trade or organic, came at a premium.

这标志着一种变化。过去，道德产品，无论是公平贸易还是有机的，都价格较高。

However, it is unclear whether these new products can be considered ethical. The debate over durability, crop growing impacts, pollution and recyclability is a complicated one, not to mention the ethics around the working conditions for people making the products, whatever the component materials.

然而，尚不清楚这些新产品是否能被视为道德产品。关于耐久性、作物种植影响、污染和可回收性的争论是复杂的，更不用说围绕制造产品的人的工作条件的伦理问题，无论其成分材料是什么。

Environmental campaigners advise that the best approach is to buy less, never mind what the item is made of.

环保活动人士建议，最好的方法是少买，无论物品是由什么制成的。

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.

问题19到21基于你刚刚听到的录音。

Question 19. What has a market research team found in its latest fashion and sustainability report?

问题19。一个市场研究团队在其最新的时尚与可持续发展报告中发现了什么？

Question 20. What have some world-renowned fashion designers done for some time?

问题20。一些世界知名的时尚设计师已经做了什么一段时间了？

Question 21. What does the speaker say is unclear concerning vegan products?

问题21。关于纯素产品，说话者说什么尚不清楚？

Recording 3.

录音3。

By the end of 2016, anyone who had been paying even passing attention to the news headlines was highly likely to conclude that everything was terrible and that the world was going to hell.

到2016年底，任何稍加关注新闻头条的人都极有可能得出结论，一切都很糟糕，世界正在走向地狱。

It was easy to feel depressed by the wars in different parts of the world, the spread of deadly viruses, or terror attacks.

世界各地的战争、致命病毒的传播或恐怖袭击很容易让人感到沮丧。

Yet, 2016 was the best year in the history of humanity.

然而，2016年是人类历史上最好的一年。

Child mortality was roughly half what it was as recently as 1990, and 300,000 more people gained access to electricity each day.

儿童死亡率大约是1990年的一半，每天有30万人获得电力供应。

Every single measure of material and environmental welfare in America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and the world as a whole has improved rather than deteriorated.

美国、欧洲、亚洲、非洲以及全球整体的每一项物质和环境福利指标都有所改善，而非恶化。

We are living in history's most peaceful era, with violence of all kinds in steep decline.

我们正生活在历史上最和平的时期，各类暴力都在急剧下降。

Those are the facts, so why aren't we all optimists?

这些是事实，那么为什么我们不都是乐观主义者呢？

In a 2015 survey for YouGov, 65% of British people and 81% of the French said they thought the world was getting worse.

在2015年YouGov的一项调查中，65%的英国人和81%的法国人表示他们认为世界正在变得更糟。

However, according to numerous sensible statistics, these people are simply wrong.

然而，根据众多合理的统计数据，这些人完全是错误的。

Nobody in their right mind should wish to have lived in a previous century. Yet people do. Why?

任何理智的人都不应该希望生活在前几个世纪。然而人们却这样想。为什么？

Our prevailing mood of despair is irrational. It says more about us than it does about how things really are.

我们普遍的绝望情绪是非理性的。它更多地反映了我们自己，而非事物的真实情况。

It is best explained as the result of various psychological biases that served a purpose for our evolutionary ancestors, but now, in a media-saturated era, constantly mislead us.

最好将其解释为各种心理偏见的结果，这些偏见对我们的进化祖先有其作用，但现在，在一个媒体饱和的时代，它们不断误导我们。

Once upon a time, it was of great survival value to be worried about everything that could go wrong. This is what makes bad news especially compelling.

从前，担心一切可能出错的事情具有巨大的生存价值。这就是为什么坏新闻尤其引人注目。

In our evolutionary past, it was a very good thing that our attention could be easily seized by negative information, since it might well indicate a dangerous risk to our own survival.

在我们的进化过去，注意力容易被负面信息抓住是一件好事，因为它很可能预示着对我们自身生存的危险风险。

The caveman who always assumed there was a lion behind the next rock would usually be wrong, but he'd be much more likely to survive and reproduce than one who always assumed the opposite.

总是假设下一块岩石后面有狮子的穴居人通常会错，但他比总是假设相反情况的人更有可能生存和繁衍。

But that was all before newspapers, television, and the internet.

但那都是在报纸、电视和互联网出现之前的事了。

In today's hyper-connected times, our addiction to bad news just leads us to vacuum up depressing or enraging stories from across the globe.

在当今高度互联的时代，我们对坏新闻的沉迷只会让我们从全球各地吸收令人沮丧或愤怒的故事。

Whether these news stories threaten us or not, we conclude that things are much worse than they actually are.

无论这些新闻故事是否威胁到我们，我们都得出结论，事情比实际情况要糟糕得多。

Really good news, on the other hand, can be a lot harder to spot in a newspaper because predictable daily events, by definition, aren't news.

另一方面，真正的好消息在报纸上可能更难发现，因为可预测的日常事件，顾名思义，不是新闻。

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.

问题22到25基于你刚刚听到的录音。

Question 22. What is one of the facts stated by the speaker?

问题22. 演讲者陈述的事实之一是什么？

Question 23. What do we learn about most British and French people in a 2015 survey for YouGov?

问题23. 从2015年YouGov的一项调查中，我们了解到大多数英国人和法国人的什么？

Question 24. What does our prevailing mood of despair indicate?

问题24. 我们普遍的绝望情绪表明了什么？

Question 25. What was a very good thing in our evolutionary past?

问题25. 在我们的进化过去，什么是一件非常好的事情？