2023年12月六级第2套长篇阅读匹配原文翻译及答案

A) Most visitors come to Cape Canaveral, on the northeast coast of Florida, for the tourist attractions. It's home to the second-busiest cruise ship port in the world and is a gateway to the cosmos. Nearly 1.5 million visitors flock here every year to watch rockets, spacecraft, and satellites blast off into the solar system from Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex. Nearly 64 kilometers of undeveloped beach and 648 square kilometers of protected refuge fan out from the cape's sandy shores.

大多数游客来到佛罗里达州东北海岸的卡纳维拉尔角是为了旅游景点。它是世界上第二繁忙的邮轮港口所在地，也是通往宇宙的门户。每年有近150万游客涌向这里，观看从肯尼迪航天中心游客中心发射到太阳系的火箭、航天器和卫星。近64公里的未开发海滩和648平方公里的受保护庇护所从该角的沙滩上扇形展开。

B) Yet some of Cape Canaveral's most legendary attractions lie unseen, wedged under the sea's surface in mud and sand, for this part of the world has a reputation as a deadly ship trap. Over the centuries, dozens of majestic Old World sailing ships smashed and sank on this irregular stretch of windy Florida coast. They were vessels built for war and commerce, crossing the globe carrying everything from coins to cannons, boxes of silver and gold, chests of jewels and porcelain, and pearls from the Caribbean.

然而，卡纳维拉尔角一些最传奇的景点却未被看见，它们嵌入海底泥沙中，因为这片海域以致命的船只陷阱而闻名。几个世纪以来，数十艘宏伟的旧世界帆船在佛罗里达海岸这段不规则的狂风海岸线上撞毁并沉没。它们是用于战争和商业的船只，横跨全球，运载从硬币到大炮、成箱的金银、珠宝和瓷器箱以及加勒比珍珠等各种物品。

C) Cape Canaveral contains one of the greatest concentrations of colonial shipwrecks in the world. In recent years, advances in radar, diving, detection equipment, computers, and GPS have transformed the hunt. The naked eye might see a pile of rocks, but technology can reveal the precious artifacts (人工制品) that lie hidden on the ocean floor.

卡纳维拉尔角拥有世界上殖民沉船最集中的区域之一。近年来，雷达、潜水、探测设备、计算机和GPS的进步改变了搜寻方式。肉眼可能只能看到一堆岩石，但技术可以揭示隐藏在海底的珍贵文物。

D) As technology renders the seabed more accessible, the hunt for treasure-filled ships has drawn a fresh tide of salvors (打捞人员) and their investors-as well as marine archaeologists (考古学家) wanting to bring to light the lost relics. But of late, when salvors have found vessels, their rights have been challenged in court. The big question: who should have control of these treasures?

随着技术使海底更容易接近，对满载宝物船只的搜寻吸引了新一批打捞人员及其投资者，以及希望揭示失落遗物的海洋考古学家。但最近，当打捞人员发现船只时，他们的权利在法庭上受到挑战。主要问题是：谁应该控制这些宝藏？

E) High-stakes fights over shipwrecks pit archaeologists against treasure hunters in a vicious cycle of accusations. Archaeologists regard themselves as protectors of history, and they see salvors as careless destroyers. Salvors feel they do the hard work of searching for ships, only to have them stolen from under them when discovered. This kind of clash inevitably takes place on a grand scale. Aside from the salvors, their investors, and the maritime archaeologists who serve as expert witnesses, the battles sweep in local and international governments and organizations like UNESCO that work to protect under-water heritage. The court cases that ensue stretch on for years. Are finders keepers, or do the ships belong to the countries that made them and sent them sailing centuries ago? Where once salvors and archaeologists worked side by side, now they belong to opposing, and equally contemptuous, tribes.

关于沉船的高风险斗争使考古学家与寻宝者陷入指责的恶性循环。考古学家视自己为历史的保护者，认为打捞人员是粗心的破坏者。打捞人员觉得他们辛勤寻找船只，却在发现时被抢走。这种冲突不可避免地大规模发生。除了打捞人员、他们的投资者和作为专家证人的海事考古学家外，战斗还卷入了当地和国际政府以及像联合国教科文组织这样致力于保护水下遗产的组织。随之而来的法庭案件持续多年。是发现者拥有，还是船只属于几个世纪前制造并派它们航行的国家？曾经打捞人员和考古学家并肩工作，现在他们属于对立的、同样轻蔑的部落。

F) Nearly three million vessels lie wrecked on the Earth's ocean floor-from old canoes to the Titanic-and likely less than one percent have been explored. Some—like an ancient Roman ship found off Antikythera, Greece, dated between 70 and 60 BC and carrying astonishingly sophisticated gears and dials for navigating by the sun—are critical to a new understanding of our past. No wonder there is an eternal stirring among everybody from salvors to scholars to find them.

近三百万艘船只沉没在地球的海底，从旧独木舟到泰坦尼克号，可能不到百分之一被探索过。有些——比如在希腊安提基特拉岛附近发现的一艘古罗马船只，年代在公元前70至60年之间，载有极其复杂的齿轮和刻度盘用于通过太阳导航——对我们重新理解过去至关重要。难怪从打捞人员到学者，每个人都有永恒的动力去寻找它们。

G) In May 2016, a salvor named Bobby Pritchett, president of Global Marine Exploration(GME) in Tampa, Florida, announced that he had discovered scattered remains of a ship buried a kilometer off Cape Canaveral. Over the prior three years, he and his crew had obtained 14 state permits to survey a nearly 260-square-kilometer area off the cape; they worked 250 days a year, backed by investor funds of, he claims, US S4 million. It was hard work. Crew members were up at dawn, dragging sensors from their expedition vessels back and forth, day in and day out, year after year, to detect metal of any kind. Using computer technology, Pritchett and his crew created intricate, color-coded maps marked with the GPS coordinates of thousands of finds, all invisible under a meter of sand.

2016年5月，一位名叫鲍比·普里切特的打捞人员，佛罗里达州坦帕市全球海洋探索公司（GME）的总裁，宣布他发现了一艘船的散落残骸，埋在卡纳维拉尔角一公里外。在过去三年中，他和团队获得了14个州许可证，以调查该角附近近260平方公里的区域；他们每年工作250天，据称由投资者资金支持400万美元。这是一项艰苦的工作。团队成员黎明即起，日复一日、年复一年地从探险船只上拖拽传感器来回移动，以探测任何类型的金属。使用计算机技术，普里切特和团队创建了复杂的、颜色编码的地图，标记了数千个发现的GPS坐标，所有这些都在一米深的沙子下不可见。

H) One day in 2015, the magnetometer (磁力计) picked up metal that turned out to be an iron cannon; when the divers blew the sand away, they also discovered a more precious bronze cannon with markings indicating French royalty and, not far off, a famous marble column carved with the coat of arms of France, known from historical paintings. The discovery was cause for celebration. The artifacts indicated the divers had likely found the wreck of La Trinite, a 16th-century French vessel that had been at the center of a bloody battle between France and Spain that changed the fate of the United States of America.

2015年的一天，磁力计探测到金属，结果是一门铁炮；当潜水员吹开沙子时，他们还发现了一门更珍贵的铜炮，上面有标记表明法国王室，不远处，一根著名的大理石柱，雕刻着法国纹章，从历史绘画中可知。这一发现值得庆祝。这些文物表明潜水员可能发现了“La Trinite”号的残骸，这是一艘16世纪的法国船只，曾处于法国和西班牙之间一场血腥战斗的中心，改变了美国的命运。

I) And then the legal storm began, with GME and Pritchett pitted against Florida and France. The Sunken Military Craft Act of 2004, a US federal act, protects any vessel that was on a military mission, allowing the originating country to claim their ship even centuries later. In 2018, two long years after Pritchett's discovery, the federal district court ruled in favor of France. For Pritchett, the decision was devastating. Millions of dollars of investor funding and years of labor were lost.

随后法律风暴开始，GME和普里切特与佛罗里达州和法国对峙。2004年的《沉没军舰法案》是一部美国联邦法案，保护任何执行军事任务的船只，允许原产国即使几个世纪后也能认领他们的船只。2018年，在普里切特发现两年后，联邦地区法院裁定法国胜诉。对普里切特来说，这个决定是毁灭性的。数百万美元的投资者资金和多年的劳动付诸东流。

J) But this is far from the first time a salvor has lost all rights to a discovery. In 2012, for instance, Spain won a five-year legal battle against Odyssey Marine Exploration, which had hauled 594,000 gold and silver coins from a Spanish wreck off the coast of Portugal across the Atlantic to the United States. "Treasure hunters can be naive," says attorney David Concannon, who has had several maritime archaeologists as clients and represented two sides in the battles over the Titanic for 20 years. "Many treasure hunters don't understand they are going to have to fight for their rights against a government that has an endless supply of money for legal battles that treasure hunters are likely to lose."

但这远非打捞人员首次失去对发现的所有权利。例如，2012年，西班牙在与奥德赛海洋探索公司的一场五年法律战中胜诉，该公司从葡萄牙海岸附近的一艘西班牙沉船中打捞了594,000枚金银币，横跨大西洋运到美国。“寻宝者可能很天真，”律师大卫·康坎农说，他有几位海事考古学家客户，并在泰坦尼克号的战斗中代表双方长达20年。“许多寻宝者不明白，他们将不得不为自己的权利与一个拥有无尽资金支持法律战斗的政府抗争，而寻宝者很可能输掉这些战斗。”

K) Putting an inflated price on artifacts rather than viewing them as cultural and historical treasures that transcend any price is what irritates many archaeologists. For the archaeologist, everything in a wreck matters—hair, fabric, a fragment of a newspaper, rat bones-all things speak volumes. Archaeologists don't want artifacts ending up in a private collection instead of taking humanity on a journey of understanding.

给文物标上虚高的价格，而不是将其视为超越任何价格的文化和历史珍宝，这激怒了许多考古学家。对于考古学家来说，沉船中的一切都重要——头发、布料、报纸碎片、老鼠骨头——所有东西都意味深长。考古学家不希望文物最终落入私人收藏，而不是带领人类踏上理解之旅。

L) George Bass is one of the pioneers of under-water archaeology, and a researcher at Texas A&M University. He has testified in court against treasure hunters, but says archaeology is not without its own serious problems. He believes archaeologists need to do a better job themselves instead of routinely criticizing treasure hunters. "Archaeology has a terrible reputation for not publishing enough on its excavations (发掘) and finds," he says. Gathering data, unearthing and meticulously preserving and examining finds, verifying identity and origin, piecing together the larger story, and writing and publishing a comprehensive paper or book can take decades. A bit cynically, Bass describes colleagues who never published because they waited so long they became ill or died. Who is more at fault, Bass asks, the professional archaeologist who carefully excavates a site and never publishes on it or the treasure hunter who locates a submerged wreck, salvages part, conserves part, and publishes a book on the operation?

乔治·巴斯是水下考古学的先驱之一，也是德克萨斯A&M大学的研究员。他曾在法庭上作证反对寻宝者，但他说考古学也有其自身的严重问题。他认为考古学家需要自己做得更好，而不是例行公事地批评寻宝者。“考古学因未充分发表其发掘和发现而名声不佳，”他说。收集数据、挖掘、精心保存和检查发现、验证身份和起源、拼凑更大的故事、撰写和发表综合论文或书籍可能需要几十年。有点讽刺的是，巴斯描述了那些从未发表的同事，因为他们等待太久而生病或去世。巴斯问道，谁更该受指责，是精心挖掘遗址但从未发表研究的专业考古学家，还是定位沉船、打捞部分、保存部分并发表书籍的寻宝者？

M) Pritchett concedes that his find deserves careful excavation and preservation. "I think what I found should go in a museum," he says. "But I also think I should get paid for what I found." Indeed, it's a bit of a mystery why governments, archaeologists, and treasure hunters can't work together and why salvors aren't at least given a substantial finder's fee before the original owner takes possession of the vessel and its artifacts.

普里切特承认他的发现值得仔细发掘和保存。“我认为我发现的东西应该放进博物馆，”他说。“但我也认为我应该为我发现的东西得到报酬。”的确，为什么政府、考古学家和寻宝者不能合作，为什么打捞人员在原始所有者接管船只及其文物之前至少不能获得一笔可观的发现费，这有点神秘。