2026年06月六级第3套长篇阅读匹配原文翻译及答案

A) The cost of a mortgage or rents, meeting monthly utility bills, paying for a new car—all headaches most people get to worry about from their 20s. But while some may struggle to pay their bills after a few too many nights out at the start of the month, others will have a tightly followed plan for their repayments. So what is the difference between the shrewd saver and the more reckless spender?

房贷或房租、每月的水电费、买新车——这些都是大多数人从二十几岁起就要操心的烦心事。但有些人在月初出去玩了几个晚上后可能连账单都难以支付，另一些人却对自己的还款有着严格执行的计划。那么，精明的储蓄者与更加挥霍的消费者之间的区别究竟是什么？

B) Experts believe it is all about the age you learn how to spend responsibly. Adult money habits are typically set by the age of seven, according to a large-scale study by the government's Money Advice Service and behaviour experts at Cambridge University. By then, most children have grasped how to recognise the value of money and are capable of complex functions such as planning ahead, delaying a decision until later and understanding that some choices are irreversible.

专家认为，这一切都取决于你学会负责任地花钱的年龄。根据政府的理财咨询服务机构和剑桥大学行为专家开展的一项大规模研究，成年人的金钱习惯通常在七岁时就已定型。到那时，大多数儿童已经掌握了如何认识金钱的价值，并能够完成诸如提前规划、推迟做决定，以及理解某些选择不可逆转等复杂行为。

C) Tomorrow marks the start of Global Money Week, a worldwide initiative to help children make smart financial decisions and learn that "money matters matter". But for many young people in the UK, it's a matter of too little, too late. "The habits of mind which influence the ways children approach complex problems and decisions, including financial ones, are largely determined in the first few years of life," says Dr David Whitebread, the co-author of the study. And this core behaviour is very likely to influence their financial decisions when they are adults, he says.

明天是'全球理财周'的开始，这是一项旨在帮助儿童做出明智财务决策、并让他们懂得'钱的事很重要'的全球性倡议。但对英国许多年轻人而言，这来得太少、太晚。'影响儿童处理复杂问题和决策（包括财务决策）方式的思维习惯，在很大程度上是在生命最初几年里形成的，'该研究的合著者 David Whitebread 博士说。他说，这一核心行为很可能会影响他们成年后的财务决策。

D) The study also urges parents not to underestimate their own good and bad money habits. "Since young children have few monetary resources they control independently, it is the basic approaches and skills which are modelled, discussed and demonstrated by parents that are likely to be influential levers, breeding efficient habits and practices," it says.

该研究还敦促父母不要低估自己好的和坏的金钱习惯。'由于幼儿几乎没有能够独立支配的金钱资源，因此真正可能成为有影响力杠杆、培养出高效习惯与做法的，是父母所示范、讨论和展示的基本方法与技能，'研究写道。

E) Parents who choose to help their children learn how to plan ahead, reflect on the past and self-regulate can make a huge difference in promoting good financial behaviour in the future, explains Whitebread. According to a survey by M&G Investments, the vast majority (83%) of parents recognise the value of teaching their children about money. However, this concern does not always carry through to practice—one in six do not feel confident enough to do it. More than one in every four parents think children should take responsibility for understanding money themselves.

Whitebread 解释说，选择帮助孩子学会提前规划、反思过去和自我约束的父母，能够在未来培养良好财务行为方面产生巨大影响。根据 M&G Investments 的一项调查，绝大多数（83%）父母认识到教孩子理财的价值。然而，这种关注并不总能落实到行动上——六分之一的父母对此没有足够信心。超过四分之一的父母认为，孩子应该自己承担理解金钱的责任。

F) "There's joy in the fact that young children are spontaneous and live life in the moment, unrestrained by adult problems. But teaching children about money when they are young is a good way for parents to help them learn to delay satisfaction, so that the child thinks: 'I'd like to do this but I'm not going to'. Hard evidence suggests, if you want your child to do well in life, the earlier you can start trying to teach them inhibition and self-discipline, the better," says Whitebread, pointing to research that has shown people in prison frequently have poor impulse control, a personality trait that can affect relationships and long-term health.

'幼儿天真自然、活在当下、不受成年人烦恼束缚，这本身就是一种快乐。但在孩子小时候教他们理财，是父母帮助他们学会延迟满足的好方法，这样孩子就会想：我很想这么做，但我不打算这么做。确凿证据表明，如果你希望孩子将来生活顺遂，越早开始尝试教他们自我克制和自律越好，' Whitebread 说。他指出，有研究显示监狱中的人往往冲动控制能力差，而这是一种会影响人际关系和长期健康的性格特质。

G) But how should a parent try to teach their child to spend responsibly? One simple way is to give them pocket money and then help them to analyse and learn from any foolish spending decisions.

那么，父母应该如何试着教孩子负责任地花钱呢？一个简单的办法是给他们零花钱，然后帮助他们分析并从任何愚蠢的消费决定中吸取教训。

H) Another is through board games which can help teach financial responsibility. Pop to the Shops, a shopping board game for five-to-nine-year-olds, has been one of Orchard Toys' top 10 bestselling board games every year for the past 15 years. To win, players must use fake coins to purchase everyday grocery items from various shops around the board, and give the other players who visit their shop the correct change. If they don't have enough money, they must purchase a cheaper item. "It acts as a conversation starter about money—parents can fill in the gaps," says Orchard Toys product manager Rachael Sutcliffe.

另一个办法是通过桌游来帮助教导财务责任。Pop to the Shops 是一款面向5到9岁儿童的购物桌游，过去15年里每年都跻身 Orchard Toys 最畅销桌游前十名。要想获胜，玩家必须用假硬币从棋盘上各家商店购买日常杂货，并给到访自己商店的其他玩家找回正确的零钱。如果钱不够，他们就必须购买更便宜的商品。'它能引出关于金钱的话题——父母可以从旁补充讲解，' Orchard Toys 产品经理 Rachael Sutcliffe 说。

I) There are also some pocket-money-tracking and payment apps, such as RoosterMoney and goHenry, which are designed to be used by under-sevens, and which boast that they can help children develop good money habits. This is dependent on the children receiving enough pocket money to need an app to track their spending, which research suggests is not always the case.

还有一些零花钱追踪和支付应用，比如 RoosterMoney 和 goHenry，它们专为七岁以下儿童设计，号称能帮助孩子养成良好的金钱习惯。不过这取决于孩子是否能拿到足够多的零花钱，以至于需要一个应用来追踪支出，而研究表明情况并非总是如此。

J) Surprisingly, given the research about habit-forming in young children, there are very few gaming apps that can help under-sevens—Pigby's Fair, developed by NatWest, being a notable exception. In this, children who solve basic puzzles will earn virtual money selling what they have made at different stalls in a fair, then spend or save it. But the need to shift virtual money around, and take into account interest payments and pocket money bonuses, makes it a complex financial education tool.

令人意外的是，鉴于有关幼儿习惯养成的研究，能帮助七岁以下儿童的游戏类应用却少之又少——由 NatWest 开发的 Pigby's Fair 是一个显著的例外。在这款应用里，解决基础谜题的孩子会通过在集市不同摊位上出售自己制作的东西来赚取虚拟货币，然后花掉或存起来。但由于需要调配虚拟货币，并考虑利息支付和零花钱奖励，它成了一个复杂的财商教育工具。

K) There are plenty of online games which focus on coin recognition and counting with money, such as the Igloo Shopping game or Top Marks' Coins Game. So what if children find such games boring? An exciting (and free) real-world option for parents to use is a visit to Metro Bank. Although, like most banks, it does not allow children to open an account until they turn 11, it specifically tries to offer young children a chance to learn about money inside its branches by inviting kids to use the "magic money machines" to count their coins. Children who accurately guess how much was in their piggy bank (猪形储钱罐) get a prize, and free candies are handed out when the coins are exchanged for banknotes. The bank does not take a commission from the transaction.

有许多在线游戏专注于硬币识别和数钱，比如 Igloo Shopping 游戏或 Top Marks 的 Coins Game。那么如果孩子觉得这类游戏无聊怎么办？一个令父母兴奋（而且免费）的现实选择是去 Metro Bank 参观。虽然和大多数银行一样，它要到孩子11岁才允许开户，但它专门尝试通过邀请孩子使用'魔法数钱机'来数硬币，让幼儿在其分行内了解金钱。准确猜出自己猪形储钱罐里有多少钱的孩子会获得奖品，而当硬币兑换成纸币时还会免费派发糖果。银行不从该交易中收取佣金。

L) At six years old, my daughter Flora is getting to grips with her finances early. She tested out a number of games aimed at teaching children her age the value of money. She enjoyed them all, but best, in her view, is Money Match Cafe, a board game where she must work out the value of different denominations (面额) of coin in her imaginary restaurant, her "customers" being her stuffed toys. "It was really fun because you get to serve food to your own toys on a little tray with a napkin on it, and then you can hug them," she says.

我六岁的女儿 Flora 很早就开始学着打理自己的'财务'。她试玩了许多旨在教她这个年龄段孩子认识金钱价值的游戏。她全都喜欢，但在她看来最好的是 Money Match Cafe，这是一款桌游，她必须在自己想象中的餐厅里算出不同面额硬币的价值，她的'顾客'就是她的毛绒玩具。'这真的很有趣，因为你可以把食物放在铺着餐巾的小托盘上端给自己的玩具，然后还能抱抱它们，'她说。

M) "If you're six and you play this game, you'll learn that you might not have the right amount of money for what you want to buy. You just have to cross your fingers and hope. It's a good challenge, and I enjoyed adding the coins up to see how much they made. But I don't like the name. Money Match Cafe is not a good name for a café. I would have liked it more if it had been Flora's Cafe or Fantastically Baked Lunches."

'如果你六岁玩这个游戏，你会明白你想买的东西也许钱不够。你只能双手交叉、寄希望于运气。这是个不错的挑战，我很喜欢把硬币加起来看看总共有多少。但我不喜欢这个名字。Money Match Cafe 不是一个咖啡馆的好名字。如果它叫 Flora's Cafe 或 Fantastically Baked Lunches，我会更喜欢它。'

N) Seven out of ten teachers think children are now faced with financial decisions earlier. On Wednesday, Lifesavers—a new project which promotes financial education in primary schools—is hosting a conference to encourage teachers to join its programme and get free classroom resources and training. Almost two-thirds of millennials (千禧一代) wish they had received more money advice at a younger age, according to a Santander survey.

十位教师中有七位认为，如今孩子们更早地面临财务决策。周三，Lifesavers——一个在小学推广财商教育的新项目——将举办一场会议，鼓励教师加入其计划并获得免费的课堂资源和培训。根据桑坦德银行的一项调查，近三分之二的千禧一代希望自己能在更小的年纪得到更多理财建议。

O) Only a third of parents involve their children in discussions about their household finances, even though less than half of young people aged seven to seventeen receive financial education at school, another survey shows.

另一项调查显示，只有三分之一的父母会让孩子参与关于家庭财务的讨论，尽管七到十七岁的年轻人中只有不到一半在学校接受过财商教育。

P) Most adults believe their parents have had the biggest influence on their money behaviour. So when should they start trying to instil (灌输) good habits? As early as possible before the age of seven, research suggests.

大多数成年人认为，父母对他们金钱行为的影响最大。那么，他们应该在什么时候开始尝试灌输良好习惯呢？研究表明，越早越好，最好在七岁之前。