2025年06月六级第2套长篇阅读匹配原文翻译及答案

A) I can be a reluctant socialiser. I'm sometimes secretly pleased when social plans are called off. I get restless a few hours into a hangout. I even once went on a free 10-day silent meditation (冥想) retreat - not for the meditation, but for the silence.

我可能是一个不情愿的社交者。有时候，当社交计划取消时，我会暗自高兴。在聚会进行几个小时后，我就会感到不安。我甚至曾经参加过一次免费的10天静默冥想静修——不是为了冥想，而是为了那份宁静。

B) So I can relate to author Anneli Rufus, who wrote in Party of One: The Loners' Manifesto: "When parents on TV shows punished their kids by ordering them to go to their rooms, I was confused. I loved my room. Being there behind a locked door was a treat. To me a punishment was being ordered to play games with my cousin Louis."

因此，我能理解作者Anneli Rufus，她在《独行者宣言：孤独者的宣言》中写道：“当电视节目中的父母惩罚孩子，命令他们回房间时，我感到困惑。我爱我的房间。待在锁着的门后是一种享受。对我来说，惩罚是被命令和表弟Louis玩游戏。”

C) Unsocial tendencies like these are often far from ideal. Abundant research shows the harms of social isolation, considered a serious public health problem in countries that have rapidly ageing populations (though talk of a "loneliness epidemic" may be exaggerated). In the UK, the Royal College of General Practitioners says that loneliness has the same risk level for premature death as diabetes. Strong social connections are important for cognitive functioning, motor function and a smoothly running immune system.

像这样的不合群倾向往往远非理想。大量研究表明社会隔离的危害，在人口快速老龄化的国家，这被认为是一个严重的公共卫生问题（尽管谈论“孤独流行病”可能被夸大）。在英国，皇家全科医师学院表示，孤独导致早逝的风险与糖尿病相同。牢固的社会关系对认知功能、运动功能和免疫系统的正常运作很重要。

D) This is especially clear from cases of extreme social isolation. Examples of people kept in captivity, children kept isolated in abusive orphanages, and prisoners kept in solitary confinement all show how prolonged solitude can lead to hallucinations (幻觉) and other forms of mental instability.

这一点在极端社会隔离的案例中尤为明显。被囚禁的人、在虐待性孤儿院中被隔离的儿童以及被单独监禁的囚犯，这些例子都表明长时间的孤独会导致幻觉和其他形式的精神不稳定。

E) But these are severe and involuntary cases of aloneness. For those of us who just prefer plenty of alone time, emerging research suggests some good news: there are upsides to being alone - for both our work lives and our emotional well-being.

但这些是严重且非自愿的孤独案例。对于我们这些只是喜欢大量独处时间的人来说，新兴研究带来了一些好消息：独处有好处——对我们的工作生活和情绪健康都有益。

F) Solitude is a time for reflection, for thinking about things more deeply. In a world increasingly focused on speed and competitiveness, solitude is precious and something to be treasured. And there are benefits in learning to love your solitude.

独处是反思的时间，是更深入思考事物的时间。在一个日益注重速度和竞争力的世界里，独处是珍贵的，值得珍惜。学会享受独处是有好处的。

G) One key benefit of solitude is improved creativity. Gregory Feist, who focuses on the psychology of creativity at California's San Jose State University, has defined creativity as thinking or activity with two key elements: originality and usefulness. He has found that personality traits commonly associated with creativity are openness (receptiveness to new thoughts and experiences), self-confidence, and autonomy - which may include "a lack of concern for social norms" and "a preference for being alone". In fact, Feist's research on both artists and scientists shows that one of the most prominent features of creative folks is their lesser interest in socialising.

独处的一个关键好处是提高创造力。加州圣何塞州立大学专注于创造力心理学的Gregory Feist将创造力定义为具有两个关键要素的思考或活动：原创性和实用性。他发现通常与创造力相关的个性特质是开放性（对新思想和经验的接受度）、自信心和自主性——这可能包括“对社会规范缺乏关注”和“偏好独处”。事实上，Feist对艺术家和科学家的研究表明，创意人士最突出的特点之一是他们对社交兴趣较低。

H) One reason for this is that such people are likely to spend sustained time alone working on their craft. Plus, Feist says, many artists "are trying to make sense of their internal world and a lot of internal personal experiences that they're trying to give expression and meaning to through their art." Solitude allows for the reflection and observation necessary for that creative process.

原因之一是这类人可能花费大量时间独处，专注于他们的技艺。此外，Feist说，许多艺术家“正试图理解他们的内心世界，以及许多他们试图通过艺术来表达和赋予意义的内在个人经历。”独处允许进行创造性过程所必需的反思和观察。

I) A recent justification of these ideas came from University at Buffalo psychologist Julie Bowker, who researches social withdrawal. Social withdrawal is usually categorised into three types: shyness caused by fear or anxiety; avoidance, from a dislike of socialising; and unsociability, from a preference for solitude. A paper by Bowker and her colleagues was the first to show that a type of social withdrawal could have a positive effect - they found that creativity was linked specifically to unsociability. They also found that unsociability had no correlation with aggression (shyness and avoidance did). This was significant because while previous research had suggested that unsociability might be harmless, Bowker and colleagues' paper showed that it could actually be beneficial. Unsociable people are likely to be "having just enough interaction," Bowker says. "They have a preference for being alone, but they also don't mind being with others."

对这些想法的最近证明来自布法罗大学心理学家Julie Bowker，她研究社交退缩。社交退缩通常分为三种类型：由恐惧或焦虑引起的害羞；回避，源于不喜欢社交；以及不合群，源于偏好独处。Bowker及其同事的一篇论文首次表明，一种社交退缩类型可能具有积极效果——他们发现创造力 specifically linked to unsociability。他们还发现不合群与攻击性无关（害羞和回避则有关）。这很重要，因为先前研究表明不合群可能无害，但Bowker及其同事的论文表明它实际上可能有益。Bowker说，不合群的人可能“拥有刚刚好的互动”。 “他们偏好独处，但也不介意与他人在一起。”

J) Still, it turns out that solitude is important for more than creativity. It's commonly believed that leaders need to be sociable. But this depends, among other things, on the personalities of their employees. One 2011 study showed that in branches of a pizza chain where employees were more passive, outgoing bosses were associated with higher profits. But in branches where employees were more active, introverted (内向的) leaders were more effective. One reason for this is that introverted people are less likely to feel threatened by strong personalities and suggestions. They're also more likely to listen.

然而，独处的重要性不仅限于创造力。通常认为领导者需要善于社交。但这取决于其他因素，包括员工的个性。一项2011年的研究表明，在员工较为被动的披萨连锁店分店中，外向的老板与更高利润相关。但在员工较为活跃的分店中，内向的领导者更有效。原因之一是内向的人不太可能被强势的个性和建议所威胁。他们也更可能倾听。

K) Since ancient times, meanwhile, people have been aware of a link between isolation and mental focus. After all, cultures with traditions of religious hermits (隐士) believe that solitude is important for enlightenment. Recent research has given us a better understanding of why. One benefit of unsociability is the brain's state of active mental rest, which goes hand-in-hand with the stillness of being alone. When another person is present, your brain can't help but pay some attention. This can be a positive distraction. But it's still a distraction.

同时，自古以来，人们就意识到隔离与精神专注之间的联系。毕竟，有宗教隐士传统的文化认为独处对启蒙很重要。最近的研究让我们更好地理解了原因。不合群的一个好处是大脑的积极精神休息状态，这与独处的宁静相辅相成。当有其他人在场时，你的大脑会不自觉地分心。这可能是积极的干扰。但它仍然是一种干扰。

L) Daydreaming in the absence of such distractions activates the brain's default-mode network. Among other functions, this network helps to consolidate memory and understand others' emotions. Giving free rein to a wandering mind not only helps with focus in the long term but strengthens your sense of both yourself and others. Paradoxically, therefore, periods of solitude actually help when it comes time to socialise once more. And the occasional absence of focus ultimately helps concentration in the long run.

在缺乏这种干扰的情况下做白日梦会激活大脑的默认模式网络。除了其他功能外，这个网络有助于巩固记忆和理解他人的情绪。让思绪自由漫游不仅有助于长期专注，还能增强你对自己和他人的感知。因此，矛盾的是，独处时期实际上有助于再次社交时的表现。而且偶尔的注意力不集中最终有助于长期集中注意力。

M) A more recent advocate of thoughtful and productive solitude is Susan Cain, author of Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking and founder of Quiet Revolution, a company that promotes quiet and introvert-friendly workplaces. "These days, we tend to believe that creativity emerges from a decidedly unreserved socialising process, but in fact it requires sustained attention and deep focus," she says. "Also, humans are such absorbent social beings that when we surround ourselves with others, we automatically take in their opinions and aesthetics. To truly chart our own path or vision, we have to be willing to isolate ourselves, at least for some period of time."

一个更近期的支持深思熟虑和富有成效的独处的倡导者是Susan Cain，她是《安静：内向者在一个喧嚣世界中的力量》一书的作者，也是Quiet Revolution公司的创始人，该公司推广安静和内向者友好的工作场所。她说：“如今，我们倾向于认为创造力源于完全无保留的社交过程，但实际上它需要持续的注意力和深度专注。此外，人类是如此善于吸收的社交生物，当我们周围都是他人时，我们会自动吸收他们的观点和审美观。要真正规划自己的道路或愿景，我们必须愿意孤立自己，至少在一段时间内。”

N) Still, the line between useful solitude and dangerous isolation can be blurry. "Almost anything can be adaptive and maladaptive, depending on how extreme they get," Feist says. A disorder has to do with dysfunction. If someone stops caring about people and cuts off all contact, this could point to an irrational neglect of social relations. But creative unsociability is a far cry from this. In fact, Feist says, "there's a real danger with people who are never alone. It's hard to examine one's own thoughts, feelings and motives, to be self-aware, and fully relaxed unless you have occasional solitude. In addition, introverts tend to have fewer but stronger friendships - which has been linked to greater happiness."

然而，有用的独处与危险的隔离之间的界限可能模糊。Feist说：“几乎所有事情都可以是适应性的或适应不良的，取决于它们变得多极端。”障碍与功能失调有关。如果某人不再关心他人并切断所有联系，这可能表明对社交关系的不合理忽视。但创造性的不合群与此相去甚远。事实上，Feist说：“从不独处的人有真正的危险。除非你偶尔独处，否则很难审视自己的思想、情感和动机，难以自我意识和完全放松。此外，内向者往往有更少但更牢固的友谊——这与更大的幸福感相关。”

O) As with many things, quality reigns over quantity. Nurturing a few solid relationships without feeling the need to constantly populate your life with endless chatting ultimately may be better for you.

与许多事情一样，质量胜于数量。培养几段牢固的关系，而不觉得需要不断用无尽的闲聊来充实生活，最终可能对你更好。

P) Thus, if your personality tends toward unsociability, you shouldn't feel the need to change. Of course, that comes with qualifications. But as long as you have regular social contact, you are choosing solitude rather than being forced into it, you have at least a few good friends and your solitude is good for your well-being or productivity, there's no point agonising over how to fit a square personality into a round hole.

因此，如果你的性格倾向于不合群，你不需要觉得必须改变。当然，这有前提条件。但只要你定期进行社交接触，你是选择独处而非被迫，你至少有几个好朋友，并且你的独处有益于你的健康或生产力，就没有必要纠结如何将方形人格塞进圆形的洞里。