2024年12月六级第2套长篇阅读匹配原文翻译及答案

A) Blue moons, rose moons, supermoons. For some reason all the websites seem to think you really want to know all about these moons. "Catch This Weekend's AMAZING SUPERMOON," one headline will announce. "The Supermoon Isn't Actually A Big Deal And You're All Ruining Astronomy," another will complain.

蓝月、玫瑰月、超级月亮。不知何故，所有网站似乎都认为你真的想了解这些月亮。一个标题会宣称：“赶上本周末的惊艳超级月亮。”另一个则会抱怨：“超级月亮其实没什么大不了的，你们都在破坏天文学。”

B) The latest example is the super blood wolf moon eclipse which sounds like the name of an emotional song I would have performed a modern dance routine to in 9th grade, but is, in fact, an astronomical event set to occur on January 20. As we'll explain below, there is nothing truly mysterious or otherwise special about this moon, and it will not look like a bloody wolf head in the sky or anything wild like that. We get these super lunar events by smashing together all the qualifiers we've historically used to keep track of full moons throughout the year, and in the age of the internet we can get a little too enthusiastic.

最新的例子是超级血狼月食，这听起来像我在九年级时会为一首情感歌曲表演现代舞的名字，但实际上，这是一个定于1月20日发生的天文事件。正如我们下面将解释的，这个月亮并没有真正神秘或特别之处，它不会看起来像天空中血腥的狼头或任何狂野的东西。我们通过将历史上用来追踪全年满月的所有修饰词拼凑在一起，得到了这些超级月球事件，在互联网时代，我们可能会有点过于热情。

C) Consider this your go-to resource for all moon-gazing news. Here's what you need to know about the latest lunar event.

请将此视为所有观月新闻的首选资源。以下是关于最新月球事件你需要知道的信息。

D) Look, it's okay if you don't know. There are probably loads of folks who walk around pretending they totally know why that thing in the sky seems to get bigger and smaller at regular intervals but who totally do not.

听着，如果你不知道也没关系。可能有很多人四处走动，假装他们完全知道为什么天空中的那个东西似乎会定期变大和变小，但他们其实完全不知道。

E) The moon orbits Earth, and it's tidally locked—that means it always shows us the same face, instead of spinning around like our planet does. That's why you can always see the man on the moon (or the moon rabbit, depending on your cultural preferences) even as it spins around us. But while the moon is big and bright in the sky when it's full, that's only because it's reflecting light from the sun. But the moon is always moving, so it's getting hit with sunlight at different angles. It's invisible to us during the new moon, because our satellite is parked right between us and the sun; the so-called dark side of the moon is lit up like Las Vegas, but the side we can see is in shadow. A full moon happens when the earth is right between the sun and the moon, so sunlight hits the part we can see. And all the other phases are just the transition from one of those extremes to the other.

月球绕地球运行，并且是潮汐锁定的——这意味着它总是向我们展示同一面，而不是像我们的行星那样旋转。这就是为什么即使月球在我们周围旋转，你总能看到月球上的人（或月兔，取决于你的文化偏好）。但是，虽然满月时月亮在天空中又大又亮，但这只是因为它反射了太阳的光。但月球总是在移动，所以它从不同角度受到阳光照射。在新月时，它对我们是看不见的，因为我们的卫星正好位于我们和太阳之间；所谓的月球暗面像拉斯维加斯一样明亮，但我们能看到的一面处于阴影中。当地球正好位于太阳和月球之间时，发生满月，所以阳光照射到我们能看到的部分。而所有其他月相只是从一个极端过渡到另一个极端。

F) The moon isn't always exactly the same distance from Earth, because its orbit isn't perfectly circular. We call the closest point perigee (近地点), and the most distant point is apogee (远地点). 2018's closest perigee and most distant apogee both happened in January, and the difference was about 30,000 miles.

月球并不总是与地球保持完全相同的距离，因为它的轨道不是完美的圆形。我们称最近点为近地点，最远点为远地点。2018年，最近的近地点和最远的远地点都发生在1月，差异大约为30,000英里。

G) The reason you care about this ordinary change in distance is that it turns a moon super. When a full moon happens close to perigee, it's going to look a bit bigger. Honestly, the difference is not that profound, but if you're in a position to photograph the supermoon next to something that shows the slight increase in scale, it can look pretty cool. January's super blood wolf moon eclipse is super because the date lines up with the closest the moon will get to us during January, but the moon won't actually be at its closest for the year until February's supermoon, which you can expect plenty of undue excitement over.

你关心这个普通距离变化的原因是它使月亮变得超级。当满月发生在靠近近地点时，它看起来会大一点。老实说，差异并不那么显著，但如果你能在拍摄超级月亮时旁边放一个物体来显示规模的轻微增加，它可能看起来很酷。1月的超级血狼月食之所以超级，是因为日期与月球在1月最接近我们的时间一致，但月球实际上要到2月的超级月亮才会达到今年的最近点，你可以预期会有大量不必要的兴奋。

H) Blood moons only occur during total lunar eclipses (which can happen a few times a year in any given location). When the moon slips through our shadow, we give it a reddish coloring. The moon can also look orange whenever it's rising or setting, or if it hangs low in the horizon all night—the light bouncing off of it has to travel through a thicker atmosphere there, which scatters more blue light away. But you'll probably only see that deep, sinister red during an eclipse.

血月只发生在月全食期间（在任何给定地点，每年可能发生几次）。当月球滑入我们的阴影时，我们给它一个红色的色调。月球在升起或落下时，或者如果整晚都低垂在地平线上，也可能看起来是橙色的——从它反射的光必须穿过那里更厚的大气层，这会散射更多的蓝光。但你可能只会在月食期间看到那种深邃、阴森的红色。

I) A lot of headlines about moons are just ridiculous (you do not need to be particularly excited about a blue moon, it just looks like a regular full moon), but you should definitely roll out of bed to look at a blood moon if one is going to be visible in your region, even though they're just lunar eclipses and not evidence of bloody battles between the sky gods.

很多关于月亮的标题都很荒谬（你不需要对蓝月特别兴奋，它看起来就像普通的满月），但如果血月在你的地区可见，你绝对应该起床去看看，尽管它们只是月食，而不是天神之间血腥战斗的证据。

J) In March of 2018, we had our second "blue moon" of the year, to much acclaim. And while that's not necessarily special in an oh-gosh-get-out-and-look-at-it way, it's certainly special: a blue moon is a nickname for when two full moons fall in the same calendar month, and we hadn't previously had two in one year since 1999. We won't have it happen again until 2037. Astronomer David Chapman explained that this is merely a peculiarity of our calendar; once we stopped doing things based on the moon and started trying to follow the sun and the seasons, we stopped having one reliable full moon per month. The moon cycle is 29.53 days long on average, so in most months we still end up with a single new moon and a single full one. But every once in a while, one month steals a full moon from another. In 2018 (and in 1999, and again in 2037) both January and March stacked full moons on the first and last nights of the month, leaving February in the dark.

2018年3月，我们有了当年的第二个“蓝月”，广受好评。虽然这不一定是以一种“天哪，快出去看看”的方式特别，但它确实是特别的：蓝月是当两个满月出现在同一个日历月时的昵称，自1999年以来，我们之前没有在一年中有两个蓝月。要到2037年才会再次发生。天文学家大卫·查普曼解释说，这只是我们日历的一个特性；一旦我们停止基于月亮做事，开始尝试遵循太阳和季节，我们就不再每月有一个可靠的满月。月球周期平均为29.53天，所以在大多数月份，我们仍然只有一个新月和一个满月。但偶尔，一个月会从另一个月偷走一个满月。在2018年（以及1999年，再到2037年），1月和3月都在月首和月末堆叠了满月，让2月处于黑暗中。

K) Getting two blue moons a year is rare, but we have individual blue moons every few years. Also, fun fact: not actually blue. A moon can indeed take on a moody blue color, but this only happens when particles of just the right size disperse through the sky—and it has nothing to do with the moon's status as "blue." Big clouds of ash from volcanic eruptions or fires can do the trick, but it doesn't happen often, and the stars would certainly have to align for two such rare instances to occur at once.

一年有两个蓝月是罕见的，但我们每隔几年就有单个蓝月。另外，有趣的事实：实际上不是蓝色的。月亮确实可以呈现出忧郁的蓝色，但这只有在大小正好的颗粒分散在天空中时才会发生——这与月亮作为“蓝月”的状态无关。火山爆发或火灾产生的大团灰烬可以做到这一点，但这并不经常发生，而且要让两个如此罕见的情况同时发生，无疑需要星星对齐。

L) You may have heard that the super special second blue moon of 2018 was also a Paschal moon. This is true! That just means it was the first full moon of spring, which is often used to determine the date of Easter Sunday. All of this is just calendar nonsense and we refuse to go into it further.

你可能听说2018年超级特别的第二个蓝月也是逾越节月亮。这是真的！这意味着它是春天的第一个满月，通常用于确定复活节星期日的日期。所有这些只是日历上的胡闹，我们拒绝进一步探讨。

M) Sometimes you'll see a headline that promises a moon with so many qualifiers it makes your head spin. A super blue blood worm moon, perhaps? Or a super blood wolf moon? Lots of websites will tell you that "wolf moon" is the traditional name of the first full moon of the year in "Native American" cultures, which is kind of a weird thing to claim given that there are 573 registered Tribal Nations in the U.S. alone today, not to mention historically. The idea that hungry, howling wolves were such a universal constant in January that all of North America with its different cultures, geographies, and languages spontaneously came up with the same nickname is illogical.

有时你会看到一个标题，承诺一个带有如此多修饰词的月亮，让你头晕目眩。也许是超级蓝血虫月？或者是超级血狼月？很多网站会告诉你，“狼月”是“美洲原住民”文化中一年第一个满月的传统名称，鉴于今天仅在美国就有573个注册的部落国家，更不用说历史上，这是一种奇怪的说法。认为饥饿的嚎叫的狼在1月是如此普遍，以至于所有具有不同文化、地理和语言的北美地区都自发地想出相同的昵称，这是不合逻辑的。

N) Many cultures have traditional names for the full moon in a given month or season, so there's quite a list to draw from if you're trying to really juice up a story on a slightly-bigger-than-average view of the moon. But these are all based on human calendars and activities and folklore; you will not go outside and see a pink moon in April, though I wish it were so.

许多文化对给定月份或季节的满月有传统名称，所以如果你试图真正充实一个关于比平均稍大月亮观景的故事，有一个相当长的列表可供选择。但这些都是基于人类日历、活动和民间传说；你不会在4月外出看到粉红月亮，尽管我希望如此。