2016年12月四级第1套长篇阅读匹配原文翻译及答案

A) Any product that promises to protect your home deserves careful examination. So it isn't surprising that you'll find plenty of strong opinions about the potential vulnerabilities of popular home-security systems.

任何承诺保护您家居的产品都值得仔细审视。因此，关于热门家庭安全系统潜在漏洞的众多强烈意见，也就不足为奇了。

B) The most likely type of burglary (入室盗窃) by far is the unsophisticated crime of opportunity, usually involving a broken window or some forced entry. According to the FBI, crimes like these accounted for roughly two-thirds of all household burglaries in the US in 2013. The wide majority of the rest were illegal, unforced entries that resulted from something like a window being left open. The odds of criminals using technical means to bypass a security system are so small that the FBI doesn't even track those statistics.

迄今为止，最可能发生的入室盗窃类型是简单的机会犯罪，通常涉及破窗或强行进入。据FBI称，此类犯罪约占2013年美国所有家庭入室盗窃案的大约三分之二。其余绝大多数是非法非强行进入，例如窗户被留开。犯罪分子使用技术手段绕过安全系统的几率极小，FBI甚至不追踪这些统计数据。

C) One of the main theoretical home-security concerns is whether or not a given system is vulnerable to being blocked from working altogether. With wired setups, the fear is that a burglar (入室盗贼) might be able to shut your system down simply by cutting the right cable. With a wireless setup, you stick battery-powered sensors up around your home that keep an eye on windows, doors, motion, and more. If they detect something wrong while the system is armed, they'll transmit a wireless alert signal to a base station that will then raise the alarm. That approach will eliminate most cord-cutting concerns—but what about their wireless equivalent, jamming? With the right device tuned to the right frequency, what's to stop a thief from jamming your setup and blocking that alert signal from ever reaching the base station?

家庭安全的一个主要理论担忧是，给定系统是否容易受到完全阻塞工作的影响。对于有线设置，担心的是入室盗贼可能只需切断正确的电缆就能关闭您的系统。对于无线设置，您在家中安装电池供电的传感器，监控窗户、门、运动等。如果它们在系统设防时检测到异常，会向基站发送无线警报信号，从而触发警报。这种方法将消除大多数切断电线的担忧——但无线等效物，即干扰，又如何呢？使用调谐到正确频率的合适设备，有什么能阻止窃贼干扰您的设置，阻止警报信号到达基站？

D) Jamming concerns are nothing new, and they're not unique to security systems. Any device that's built to receive a wireless signal at a specific frequency can be overwhelmed by a stronger signal coming in on the same frequency. For comparison, let's say you wanted to "jam" a conversation between two people—all you'd need to do is yell in the listener's ear.

干扰担忧并非新鲜事，也不仅限于安全系统。任何设计用于接收特定频率无线信号的设备，都可能被同一频率的更强信号所淹没。作为比较，假设您想“干扰”两人之间的对话——您只需在听众耳边大喊即可。

E) Security devices are required to list the frequencies they broadcast on—that means that a potential thief can find what they need to know with minimal Googling. They will, however, need to know what system they're looking for. If you have a sign in your yard declaring what setup you use, that'd point them in the right direction, though at that point, we're talking about a highly targeted, semi-sophisticated attack, and not the sort of forced-entry attack that makes up the majority of burglaries. It's easier to find and acquire jamming equipment for some frequencies than it is for others.

安全设备被要求列出它们广播的频率——这意味着潜在窃贼只需最少搜索就能找到所需信息。然而，他们需要知道他们在寻找什么系统。如果您在院子里有标识声明您使用的设置，那会指引他们正确方向，尽管如此，我们谈论的是高度针对性、半复杂的攻击，而非构成大多数入室盗窃的强行进入攻击。对于某些频率，找到和获取干扰设备比其他频率更容易。

F) Wireless security providers will often take steps to help combat the threat of jamming attacks. SimpliSafe, winner of our Editors' Choice distinction, utilizes a special system that's capable of separating incidental RF interference from targeted jamming attacks. When the system thinks it's being jammed, it'll notify you via push alert (推送警报). From there, it's up to you to sound the alarm manually.

无线安全提供商通常会采取措施帮助应对干扰攻击的威胁。SimpliSafe，我们编辑选择奖的获得者，使用一个特殊系统，能够区分偶然射频干扰和针对性干扰攻击。当系统认为自己被干扰时，会通过推送警报通知您。从那里，由您手动拉响警报。

G) SimpliSafe was singled out in one recent article on jamming, complete with a video showing the entire system being effectively bypassed with handheld jamming equipment. After taking appropriate measures to contain the RF interference to our test lab, we tested the attack out for ourselves, and were able to verify that it is possible with the right equipment. However, we also verified that SimpliSafe's anti-jamming system works. It caught us in the act, sent an alert to my smartphone, and also listed our RF interference on the system's event log. The team behind the article and video in question make no mention of the system, or whether or not it detected them.

SimpliSafe在一篇关于干扰的最新文章中被特别提及，并配有视频展示整个系统被手持干扰设备有效绕过。在采取适当措施将射频干扰限制在我们的测试实验室后，我们亲自测试了该攻击，并能够验证使用合适的设备是可能的。然而，我们也验证了SimpliSafe的反干扰系统有效。它在我们行动时就捕获了我们，向我的智能手机发送了警报，并将我们的射频干扰记录在系统事件日志中。相关文章和视频背后的团队未提及该系统，或它是否检测到了他们。

H) We like the unique nature of that software. It means that a thief likely wouldn't be able to Google how the system works, then figure out a way around it Even if they could, SimpliSafe claims that its system is always evolving, and that it varies slightly from system to system, which means there wouldn't be a universal magic formula for cracking it Other systems also seem confident on the subject of jamming. The team at Frontpoint addresses the issue in a blog on its site, citing their own jam protection software and claiming that there aren't any documented cases of a successful jam attack since the company began offering wireless security sensors in the 1980s.

我们喜欢该软件的独特性质。这意味着窃贼可能无法通过搜索了解系统的工作原理，然后找到绕过它的方法。即使他们能，SimpliSafe声称其系统总是在进化，并且每个系统略有不同，这意味着不存在破解它的通用万能公式。其他系统似乎在干扰问题上也很有信心。Frontpoint的团队在其网站上的博客中讨论了这个问题，引用了他们自己的干扰保护软件，并声称自20世纪80年代公司开始提供无线安全传感器以来，没有任何成功干扰攻击的记录案例。

I) Jamming attacks are absolutely possible. As said before, with the right equipment and the right know-how, it's possible to jam any wireless transmission. But how probable is it that someone will successfully jam their way into your home and steal your stuff?

干扰攻击是绝对可能的。如前所述，使用合适的设备和正确的知识，干扰任何无线传输是可能的。但有人成功干扰进入您家并偷走东西的可能性有多大呢？

J) Let's imagine that you live in a small home with a wireless security setup that offers a functional anti-jamming system. First, a thief is going to need to target your home, specifically. Then, he's going to need to know the technical details of your system and acquire the specific equipment necessary for jamming your specific setup. Presumably, you keep your doors locked at night and while you're away, so the thief will still need to break in. That means defeating the lock somehow, or breaking a window. He'll need to be jamming you at this point, as a broken window or opened door would normally release the alarm. So, too, would the motion detectors in your home, so the thief will need to continue jamming once he's inside and searching for things to steal. However, he'll need to do so without tripping the anti-jamming system, the details of which he almost certainly does not have access to.

让我们想象您住在一个拥有功能性反干扰系统的无线安全设置的小房子里。首先，窃贼需要专门针对您的家。然后，他需要了解您系统的技术细节，并获取干扰您特定设置所需的特定设备。假设您在晚上外出时锁好门，所以窃贼仍然需要闯入。这意味着要设法破解锁，或打破窗户。在这一点上，他需要干扰您，因为破窗或开门通常会触发警报。家中的运动探测器也是如此，所以窃贼在进入并搜索偷窃物品时需要继续干扰。然而，他需要在不触发反干扰系统的情况下这样做，而该系统的细节他几乎肯定无法获得。

K) At the end of the day, these kinds of systems are primarily designed to protect against the sort of opportunistic smash-and-grab attack that makes up the majority of burglaries. They're also only a single layer in what should ideally be a many-sided approach to securing your home, one that includes common sense things like sound locks and proper exterior lighting at night. No system is impenetrable, and none can promise to eliminate the worst case completely. Every one of them has vulnerabilities that a knowledgeable thief could theoretically exploit. A good system is one that keeps that worst-case setting as improbable as possible while also offering strong protection in the event of a less-extraordinary attack.

归根结底，这类系统主要用于防范构成大多数入室盗窃的机会性打砸抢攻击。它们也仅是理想中多层面家庭安全方法中的单一层面，其中包括常识性措施，如坚固的锁和夜间适当的户外照明。没有系统是坚不可摧的，也没有系统能承诺完全消除最坏情况。每个系统都有漏洞，理论上知识丰富的窃贼可能利用。一个好的系统是使最坏情况尽可能不可能发生，同时在不太寻常的攻击事件中提供强大保护。