2018年12月四级第1套长篇阅读匹配原文翻译及答案

A) Several times a month, you can find a doctor in the aisles of Ralph's market in Huntington Beach, California, wearing a white coat and helping people learn about food. On one recent day, this doctor was Daniel Nadeau, wandering the cereal aisle with Allison Scott, giving her some idea on how to feed kids who persistently avoid anything that is healthy. "Have you thought about trying fresh juices in the morning?" he asks her. "The frozen oranges and apples are a little cheaper, and fruits are really good for the brain. Juices are quick and easy to prepare, you can take the frozen fruit out the night before and have it ready the next morning."

每月几次，你可以看到一位医生在加利福尼亚州亨廷顿海滩的Ralph's超市过道里，穿着白大褂，帮助人们了解食物。最近一天，这位医生是Daniel Nadeau，他与Allison Scott一起在谷物过道里徘徊，给她一些关于如何喂养那些总是拒绝健康食物的孩子的建议。“你有没有想过早上尝试新鲜果汁？”他问她。“冷冻的橙子和苹果便宜一点，而且水果对大脑真的很好。果汁准备起来又快又容易，你可以头天晚上拿出冷冻水果，第二天早上就准备好了。”

B) Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician who is program director of the nearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center, part of the St. Joseph Hoag Health alliance. The center's 'Shop with Your Doc' program sends doctors to the grocery store to meet with any patients who sign up for the service, plus any other shoppers who happen to be around with questions.

Scott很高兴从一位医生那里获得饮食建议，这位医生是附近Mary and Dick Allen糖尿病中心的项目主任，该中心是St. Joseph Hoag Health联盟的一部分。该中心的“与医生一起购物”项目派遣医生到超市，与任何注册该服务的患者会面，以及任何其他恰好在场、有问题的购物者。

C) Nadeau notices the pre-made macaroni(通心粉)-and-cheese boxes in Scott's shopping cart and suggests she switch to whole grain macaroni and real cheese. "So I'd have to make it? "she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long that might take, just to have her kids reject it. "I'm not sure they'd eat it. They just won't eat it."

Nadeau注意到Scott购物车里的预制作通心粉和奶酪盒子，建议她换成全麦通心粉和真奶酪。“那我得自己做？”她问，一想到那可能要花多长时间，而且孩子们可能会拒绝，她的热情就消退了。“我不确定他们会吃。他们就是不会吃。”

D) Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes rates among children. "In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food," Nadeau tells her. "And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based food. I think we should try to reverse that." Scott agrees to try more fruit juices for the kids and to make real macaroni and cheese. Score one point for the doctor, zero for diabetes.

Nadeau说糖和加工食品是儿童糖尿病发病率上升的主要因素。“在美国，超过50%的食物是加工食品，”Nadeau告诉她。“而且只有5%的食物是植物性食物。我认为我们应该尝试扭转这种局面。”Scott同意为孩子们尝试更多果汁，并制作真正的通心粉和奶酪。医生得一分，糖尿病得零分。

E) Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California. The food-as-medicine movement has been around for decades, but it's making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment, rather than relying solely on medications (药物). By prescribing nutritional changes or launching programs such as 'Shop with your Doc', they are trying to prevent, limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat. "There's no question people can take things a long way toward reversing diabetes, reversing high blood pressure, even preventing cancer by food choices," Nadeau says.

Nadeau是加利福尼亚州正在发展的一场小革命的一部分。“食物即药物”运动已经存在几十年，但随着医生和医疗机构将食物作为治疗的正式部分，而不是仅仅依赖药物，它正在取得进展。通过开营养变化处方或启动诸如“与医生一起购物”等项目，他们试图通过改变患者的饮食来预防、限制甚至逆转疾病。“毫无疑问，人们可以通过食物选择在逆转糖尿病、逆转高血压、甚至预防癌症方面取得很大进展，”Nadeau说。

F) In the big picture, says Dr. Richard Afable, CEO and president of ST. Joseph Hoag Health, medical institutions across the state are starting to make a philosophical switch to becoming a health organization, not just a health care organization. That feeling echoes the beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, which completed its pilot phase and is about to expand on an ongoing basis to five clinic sites throughout the city. The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive training in how to cook it. "We really want to link food and medicine, and not just give away food," says Dr. Rita Nguyen, the hospital's medical director of Healthy Food Initiatives. "We want people to understand what they're eating, how to prepare it, the role food plays in their lives."

从大局来看，ST. Joseph Hoag Health的首席执行官兼总裁Richard Afable博士说，全州的医疗机构正开始从哲学上转向成为一个健康组织，而不仅仅是一个医疗保健组织。这种感觉呼应了Zuckerberg旧金山总医院的治疗性食品储藏室项目的信念，该项目已完成试点阶段，并即将持续扩展到全市的五个诊所。该项目将为患者提供针对其病情规定的几袋食物，以及如何烹饪的密集培训。“我们真的想将食物和药物联系起来，而不仅仅是发放食物，”医院健康食品倡议的医疗主任Rita Nguyen博士说。“我们希望人们了解他们在吃什么，如何准备它，食物在他们生活中扮演的角色。”

G) In Southern California, Loma Linda University School of Medicine is offering specialized training for its resident physicians in Lifestyle Medicine — that is a formal specialty in using food to treat disease. Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution, or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes. Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear picture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation's high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. According to the World Health Organization, 80 percent of deaths from heart disease and stroke are caused by high blood pressure, tobacco use, elevated cholesterol and low consumption of fruits and vegetables.

在南加利福尼亚，Loma Linda大学医学院为其住院医师提供生活方式医学的专业培训——这是一个使用食物治疗疾病的正式专业。研究发现越来越多地显示食物治疗或逆转疾病的力量，但这并不意味着饮食总是唯一的解决方案，或者每种疾病都能从饮食变化中显著受益。尽管如此，医生们说，他们查看集体数据，一个清晰的画面浮现出来：美国饮食中的盐、糖、脂肪和加工食品导致了该国高肥胖率、糖尿病和心脏病。根据世界卫生组织的数据，80%的心脏病和中风死亡是由高血压、烟草使用、高胆固醇和低水果蔬菜消费造成的。

H) "It's a different paradigm (范式) of how to treat disease," says Dr. Brenda Rea, who helps run the family and preventive medicine residency program at Loma Linda University School of Medicine. The lifestyle medicine specialty is designed to train doctors in how to prevent and treat disease, in part, by changing patients' nutritional habits. The medical center and school at Loma Linda also has a food cupboard and kitchen for patients. This way, patients not only learn about which foods to buy, but also how to prepare them at home.

“这是一种不同的治疗疾病的范式，”Brenda Rea博士说，她帮助运行Loma Linda大学医学院的家庭和预防医学住院医师项目。生活方式医学专业旨在培训医生如何部分通过改变患者的营养习惯来预防和治疗疾病。Loma Linda的医疗中心和学校还有一个为患者提供的食品储藏室和厨房。这样，患者不仅了解买什么食物，还学习如何在家中准备它们。

I) Many people don't know how to cook, Rea says, and they only know how to heat things up. That means depending on packaged food with high salt and sugar content. So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them, she says, can actually transform a patient's life. And beyond that, it might transform the health and lives of that patient's family. "What people eat can be medicine or poison," Rea says. "As a physician, nutrition is one of the most powerful things you can change to reverse the effects of long-term disease."

Rea说，许多人不知道如何烹饪，他们只知道如何加热东西。这意味着依赖高盐高糖的包装食品。因此，她说，教人们哪些食物是健康的以及如何准备它们，实际上可以改变患者的生活。除此之外，它可能改变患者家庭的健康和生命。“人们吃的东西可以是药物也可以是毒药，”Rea说。“作为一名医生，营养是你能改变的最有力的事情之一，以逆转长期疾病的影响。”

J) Studies have explored evidence that dietary changes can slow inflammation (炎症), for example, or make the body inhospitable to cancer cells. In general, many lifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet — particularly for people with diabetes or other inflammatory conditions.

研究已经探索了证据，表明饮食变化可以减缓炎症，例如，或使身体对癌细胞不友好。一般来说，许多生活方式医学医生推荐植物性饮食——特别是对于有糖尿病或其他炎症性疾病的人。

K) "As what happened with tobacco, this will require a cultural shift, but that can happen," says Nguyen. "In the same way physicians used to smoke, and then stopped smoking and were able to talk to patients about it, I think physicians can have a bigger voice in it."

“就像烟草一样，这需要文化转变，但这是可以发生的，”Nguyen说。“就像医生过去吸烟，然后戒烟并能够与患者谈论它一样，我认为医生可以在其中发挥更大的声音。”