2018年12月四级第1套仔细阅读 Passage 2 原文翻译及答案解析

The AlphaGo program's victory is an example of how smart computers have become.

AlphaGo程序的胜利展示了计算机智能的进步。

But can artificial intelligence (AI) machines act ethically, meaning can they be honest and fair? One example of AI is driverless cars. They are already on California roads, so it is not too soon to ask whether we can program a machine to act ethically. As driverless cars improve, they will save lives. They will make fewer mistakes than human drivers do. Sometimes, however, they will face a choice between lives. Should the cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road, even if that will put their passengers at risk? What about making a sudden turn to avoid a dog? What if the only risk is damage to the car itself, not to the passengers?

但人工智能（AI）机器能行为符合道德吗？这意味着它们能否诚实和公正？AI的一个例子是无人驾驶汽车。它们已经在加利福尼亚的道路上运行，因此现在提出是否可以编程使机器行为道德并不为时过早。随着无人驾驶汽车的改进，它们将拯救生命。它们比人类司机犯更少的错误。然而，有时它们会面临生命之间的选择。应该编程让汽车避免撞上横穿马路的孩子，即使这会让乘客处于危险中吗？为了避免狗而突然转弯呢？如果唯一的危险是对汽车本身造成损害，而不是对乘客呢？

Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars, but they are not super-intelligent beings. Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge.

或许可以从无人驾驶汽车中学到教训，但它们不是超级智能的存在。向一个比我们更智能的机器教授道德将是更大的挑战。

About the same time as AlphaGo's triumph, Microsoft's 'chatbot' took a bad turn. The software, named Taylor, was designed to answer messages from people aged 18-24. Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she received. She was designed to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations, but some people were teaching Taylor racist ideas. When she started saying nice things about Hitler, Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages.

大约在AlphaGo胜利的同时，微软的“聊天机器人”出了问题。这个软件名为泰勒，被设计用来回复18至24岁人群的消息。泰勒本应能够从收到的消息中学习。她被设计来逐步提高处理对话的能力，但有些人向泰勒灌输种族主义观点。当她开始赞扬希特勒时，微软关闭了她并删除了她最恶劣的消息。

AlphaGo's victory and Taylor's defeat happened at about the same time. This should be a warning to us. It is one thing to use AI within a game with clear rules and clear goals. It is something very different to use AI in the real world. The unpredictability of the real world may bring to the surface a troubling software problem.

AlphaGo的胜利和泰勒的失败大约在同一时间发生。这应该给我们一个警告。在规则和目标明确的游戏中使用AI是一回事。在现实世界中使用AI则完全不同。现实世界的不可预测性可能会引发一个令人不安的软件问题。

Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google, which owns AlphoGo. He thinks AI will be positive for humans. He said people will be the winner, whatever the outcome. Advances in AI will make human beings smarter, more able and "just better human beings."

埃里克·施密特是谷歌的老板之一，谷歌拥有AlphaGo。他认为AI对人类将是积极的。他说，无论结果如何，人类都将是赢家。AI的进步将使人类更聪明、更能干，并“成为更好的人”。