2018年12月四级第1套选词填空原文翻译及答案解析

Questions __26__ to __35__ are based on the following passage.

车辆损坏的问题基于以下段落。

Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious __26__ occurring in the developing world.

每年有数百万人因空气污染而早逝。空气污染每年给全球经济造成超过5万亿美元的福利成本，其中最严重的损害发生在发展中世界。

The figures include a number of costs __27__ with air pollution. Lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year.

这些数字包括与空气污染相关的一系列成本。仅收入损失一项每年就高达2250亿美元。

The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes __28__ like home heating and cooking, has remained __29__ over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation.

报告涵盖了室内和室外空气污染。室内污染包括家庭供暖和烹饪等来源，尽管该领域有所进展，但在过去几十年中保持稳定。室外污染水平随着工业和交通运输的快速增长而迅速上升。

Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray __30__ it as an "urgent call to action." "One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little __31__ ," he said.

健康指标与评估研究所所长克里斯·穆雷将其描述为“行动的紧急呼吁”。他说：“早逝的风险因素之一是我们呼吸的空气，而个人对此几乎没有控制权。”

The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost-labor income __32__ nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 in 10 people in low-and middle-income countries live in places where they __33__ experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution.

空气污染的影响在发展中世界最为严重，在一些地方，劳动力收入损失几乎相当于GDP的1%。在低收入和中等收入国家，大约十分之九的人生活在完全暴露于危险水平的室外空气污染的地方。

But the problem is not limited __34__ to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S. as a result of related illnesses. In many European countries, where diesel (柴油) __35__ have become more common in recent years, that number reaches tens of thousands.

但问题并非仅限于发展中世界。在美国，数千人因相关疾病而早逝。在许多欧洲国家，近年来柴油车辆变得更加普遍，这一数字达到数万。