2019年06月四级第2套仔细阅读 Passage 1 原文翻译及答案解析

According to the majority of Americans, women are every bit as capable of being good political leaders as men. The same can be said of their ability to dominate the corporate boardroom. And according to a new Pew Research Center survey on women and leadership, most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many saying they're stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized leaders.

根据大多数美国人的看法，女性在成为优秀政治领导人的能力上与男性完全相当。同样，她们主导企业董事会的能力也是如此。根据皮尤研究中心一项关于女性与领导力的新调查，大多数美国人认为女性在关键领导特质上与男性无法区分，例如智力和创新能力；许多人表示，在成为热情且有条理的领导者方面，她们比男性更强。

So why, then, are women in short supply at the top of government and business in the United States? According to the public, at least, it's not that they lack toughness, management talent or proper skill sets.

那么，为什么女性在美国政府和商业高层中稀缺呢？至少根据公众的看法，并非因为她们缺乏韧性、管理才能或适当的技能组合。

It's also not all about work-life balance. Although economic research and previous survey findings have shown that career interruptions related to motherhood may make it harder for women to advance in their careers and compete for top executive jobs, relatively few adults in the recent survey point to this as a key barrier for women seeking leadership roles. Only about one-in-five say women's family responsibilities are a major reason why there aren't more females in top leadership positions in business and politics.

这也不全是工作与生活的平衡问题。尽管经济研究和以往调查发现，与育儿相关的职业中断可能使女性更难在职业中晋升并竞争高层管理职位，但在近期的调查中，相对较少的成年人将此视为女性寻求领导角色的关键障碍。只有约五分之一的人表示，女性的家庭责任是商业和政治高层领导职位中女性较少的主要原因。

Instead, topping the list of reasons, about four-in-ten Americans point to a double standard for women seeking to climb to the highest levels of either politics or business, where they have to do more than their male counterparts to prove themselves. Similar shares say the electorate (选民) and corporate America are just not ready to put more women in top leadership positions. As a result, the public is divided about whether the imbalance in corporate America will change in the foreseeable future, even though women have made major advances in the workplace. While 53% believe men will continue to hold more top executive positions in business in the future, 44% say it's only a matter of time before as many women are in top executive positions as men. Americans are less doubtful when it comes to politics: 73% expect to see a female president in their lifetime.

相反，约四成美国人将女性寻求晋升至政治或商业最高层时所面临的双重标准列为首要原因，她们必须比男性同行做得更多才能证明自己。类似比例的人表示，选民和美国企业界尚未准备好让更多女性担任高层领导职位。因此，尽管女性在职场上取得了重大进展，公众对企业界中的不平衡是否会在可预见的未来改变存在分歧。53%的人认为未来男性将继续在商业中占据更多高层管理职位，44%的人表示，女性与男性在高层管理职位上平起平坐只是时间问题。在政治方面，美国人则较少怀疑：73%的人期望在他们有生之年看到一位女总统。